A prominent mandibular angle is considered to be unattractive in the Orient. With recent increase of angle reduction via intraoral approach, it also has risks of injuries on the surrounding structures, especially vessels and nerve. We herein describe a simple method using intravenous tube rubber for prevention of bleeding in mandible angle ostectomy. After elevation of the periosteum, an intravenous tube rubber sutured with 2-0 nylon on one or both side was positioned deeply along the inferior border of mandible, and planned ostectomy was performed. The rubber was removed easily by pulling out the string. We experienced 21 cases of the mandible angle ostectomy using intravenous tube rubber from November 2008 to June 2009 and found no major complications. Intravenous tube rubber can cheaply and easily be obtained in the hospital. During ostectomy, the rubber protects the facial vessels and nerve from saw blade, and provides better visual field. Therefore, intravenous tube protection of facial vessel is a simple method to prevent massive bleeding or nerve injury in mandibular angle ostectomy.

BACKGROUND: Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) in children has a low morbidity and mortality, and most of cases are self limited illness. But some of them are not responsive to treatment and finally progress to chronic disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors which influence the outcome in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. METHOD: From January 1990 to December 1995, patients with ITP who were admitted to the Pediatric department of Pusan National University Hospital were divided into acute and chronic form depending on whether the platelet count had returned to normal(150 x 10(9)/1) by six months after diagnosis. Between two groups, the clinical and laboratory characteristics, response to treatment were compared. RESULT: 1) Out of 55 patients with ITP, 36 cases(65.5%) were acute and 19 cases(34.5%) were chronic ITP. 2) Sex, previous viral infection history, clinical manifestations were not significantly different between two groups, but the chronic ITP was rare in less than 1 year of age. 3) The duration of symptoms over >2 weeks at presentation was strongly predictive of chronic ITP. 4) Most of chronic disease (87.5%) showed platelet counts below 150 x 10(9)/1 at 28 days after diagnosis as compared with acute disease(25.0%). 5) Among 19 cases of chronic disease, 6 cases responded completely to treatment, but 11 cases(57.9%) did not respond to any treatments, 2 cases improved spontaneously. CONCLUSION: A history of symptoms over 2 weeks at presentation and platelet counts below 150 x 10(9)/1 at 28 days after diagnosis were strong predictors of chronic ITP in children.
Busan ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mortality ; Platelet Count ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic*

No abstract available.
Foot* ; Hand*

Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare pustular eruption that may be seen in late pregnancy. It is associated with severe maternal and fetal complications in case of misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. The patient was a 25-years-old multigravida with psoriasis in her past history. At 20weeks gestation, she had been developed erythematous scaly annular patchs with papules and pustules on inner thigh. At 37weeks' gestation, the patient was suffered from a severely pruritic pustular rash with fever and leukocytosis. The skin of the affected areas was biopsied and showed intraepidermal pustular abscess with a neutrophilic infiltrate. Treatment commenced with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, systemic prednisone, steroid creams, and phototherapy(UVB) under the careful fetal well being monitoring. Cesarean section was done due to fetal distress, and a normal healthy male infant was delivered, following which the patient's condition improved rapidly.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cesarean Section ; Diagnostic Errors ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fever ; Humans ; Impetigo* ; Infant ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Prednisone ; Pregnancy* ; Psoriasis ; Skin ; Thigh

Kallmann's syndrome is characterized by hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism resulting from insufficient release of GnRH and associated with anosmia or hyposmia, which has been related to agenesis of olfactory bulbs. We experienced a case of 17 year-old Kallmann's syndrome woman and a case of successful pregnancy of 29 year-old Kallmann's syndrome woman with hMG and hCG treatment and present two cases with a review of literatures.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Kallmann Syndrome* ; Olfaction Disorders ; Olfactory Bulb ; Pregnancy*

Transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation (TLESR) is defined as LES relaxation without a swallow. TLESRs are observed in both of the normal individuals and the patients with gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). However, TLESR is widely considered as the major mechanism of the GERD. The new equipments such as high resolution manometry and impedance pH study is helped to understand of TLESR and the related esophageal motor activities. The strong longitudinal muscle contraction was observed during development of TLESR. Most of TLESRs are terminated by TLESR related motor events such as primary peristalsis and secondary contractions. The majority of TLESRs are associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) contraction is mainly associated with liquid reflux during recumbent position and UES relaxation predominantly related with air reflux during upright position. The frequency of TLESR in GERD patients seems to be not different compared to normal individuals, but the refluxate of GERD patients tend to be more acidic during TLESR.
Esophageal Sphincter, Lower/*physiology ; Esophagogastric Junction/physiology ; Esophagus/*physiology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Muscle Relaxation/physiology

Objectives: The diagnosis of hypersomnia may be changed by the repeated multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). We investigated the long-term reliability of MSLT in the diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1(NT1) and 2 (NT2). Methods: We reviewed the data of patients with NT1 and NT2 who underwent MSLT at least twice between 2008 and 2020. The clinical information and polysomnography/MSLT data were thoroughly assessed, and two sleep experts evaluated the consistency and reliability of diagnosis independently. Results: Eighty patients (38 with NT1 and 42 with NT2 as a final diagnosis) were included in this study. Of the 80 patients, 20 (nine with NT1 and 11 with NT2) underwent the 3rd MSLT. No significant differences were found in the sleep data and Epworth Sleepiness Scale at baseline. During the 2nd MSLT, 18.4% (n=7) patients with NT1 and 47.6% (n=20) patients with NT2 did not satisfy the diagnosis of narcolepsy. At the 3rd MSLT, six out of nine patients with NT1 and seven of 11 patients with NT2 were not suitable for narcolepsy. Two of the initial NT1 (5.2%) and 10 of the initial NT2 (23.8%) patients were found to be normal. Three patients who were confirmed to have NT1 through consecutive MSLTs had significantly shorter sleep latency and more number of sleep-onset rapid eye movements than the other patients. Conclusions The reliability of MSLT were not robust in the diagnosis of NT1 and NT2 in this long-term follow-up study. The MSLT results should be interpreted with careful consideration based on elaborate preparations.

Objectives: The diagnosis of hypersomnia may be changed by the repeated multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). We investigated the long-term reliability of MSLT in the diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1(NT1) and 2 (NT2). Methods: We reviewed the data of patients with NT1 and NT2 who underwent MSLT at least twice between 2008 and 2020. The clinical information and polysomnography/MSLT data were thoroughly assessed, and two sleep experts evaluated the consistency and reliability of diagnosis independently. Results: Eighty patients (38 with NT1 and 42 with NT2 as a final diagnosis) were included in this study. Of the 80 patients, 20 (nine with NT1 and 11 with NT2) underwent the 3rd MSLT. No significant differences were found in the sleep data and Epworth Sleepiness Scale at baseline. During the 2nd MSLT, 18.4% (n=7) patients with NT1 and 47.6% (n=20) patients with NT2 did not satisfy the diagnosis of narcolepsy. At the 3rd MSLT, six out of nine patients with NT1 and seven of 11 patients with NT2 were not suitable for narcolepsy. Two of the initial NT1 (5.2%) and 10 of the initial NT2 (23.8%) patients were found to be normal. Three patients who were confirmed to have NT1 through consecutive MSLTs had significantly shorter sleep latency and more number of sleep-onset rapid eye movements than the other patients. Conclusions The reliability of MSLT were not robust in the diagnosis of NT1 and NT2 in this long-term follow-up study. The MSLT results should be interpreted with careful consideration based on elaborate preparations.

BACKGROUND: It is not known with certainty whether patients with persistently positive sputum smear results who have also had negative sputum culture results require prolongation of treatment for tuberculosis in order to avoid an increased risk of eventual relapse. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively describe the treatment characteristics and evaluate the appropriate duration of treatment in these patients. METHODS: Sixty of 69 patients with sputum smear positive and culture negative tests at 5 months after first line anti-tuberculous chemotherapy from 2002 to 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Exclusion criteria included incomplete treatment or resistance to rifampicin or two additional antibiotics, as determined by a drug susceptibility test (DST). RESULTS: Smear conversion of the study subjects was observed after 8.3+/-2.3 months treatment, and the patients were culture negative after 2.0+/-0.8 months. The relapse rates of the study subjects were 3.8, 10.0, and 25.8% after 1, 2, and 5 years of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, respectively. The relapse rates were not significantly affected by a series of risk factors such as age, sex, presence of diabetes, a sputum culture examination after 2 months treatment, previous treatment history, chest radiograph, and duration of the treatment (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Regimen change is not required for patients with persistent smear positive but culture negative tests in the fifth month for first line antituberculous treatment. However, a further study will be needed to clarify the high relapse rate in this specific group of patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rifampin ; Risk Factors ; Sputum* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

No abstract available.
Angioplasty* ; Constriction, Pathologic*