No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell*

Protrusion of coil loop(s) and subsequent occlusion of the parent artery is one of the dreadful complications during endovascular coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm. Although protrusion of one or two coil loops may not cause adverse events and can be ignored in many instances, it can also compromise the parent artery in some cases with or without thrombus formation. We report a case of rescue balloon reposition of the protruding coil mass back into the aneurysm and recanalization of parent artery during embolization of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Parents ; Thrombosis

Purpose: Exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes apoptosis in EGF receptor (EGFR)–overexpressing cell lines. The apoptosis-inducing factors could be a therapeutic target. We aimed to determine the mechanism of EGF-induced apoptosis using a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based knockout screen. Materials and Methods: Two-vector system of the human genome-scale CRISPR knockout library v2 was used to target 19,050 genes using 123,411 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). Recombinant human EGF (100 nM) or distilled water four times was administered to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The read counts of each sgRNA obtained from next-generation sequencing were analyzed using the edgeR algorithm. We used another EGFR-overexpressing cell line (A549) and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting five EGF-resistance genes for validation. DUSP1 expression in A431, A549, and HEK293FT cells was calculated using reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: We found 77 enriched and 189 depleted genes in the experimental group using the CRISPR-based knockout screen and identified the top five EGF-resistance genes: DDX20, LHFP, REPS1, DUSP1,<.i> and KRTAP10-12. Transfecting shRNAs targeting these genes into A549 cells significantly increased the surviving fractions after EGF treatment, compared with those observed in the control shRNA-transfected cells. The expression ratio of DUSP1 (inhibits ERK signaling) increased in A431 and A549 cells after EGF treatment. However, DUSP1 expression remained unchanged in HEK293FT cells after EGF treatment. Conclusion The CRISPR-based knockout screen revealed 266 genes possibly responsible for EGF-induced apoptosis. DUSP1 might be a critical component of EGF-induced apoptosis and a novel target for EGFR-overexpressing cancers.

PURPOSE: We wanted to determine and report on the outcome of combined gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy for patients suffering with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 1999 and December 2004, 43 selected patients were enrolled in this study. Group 1 (the adjuvant chemotherapy group) had undergone radical surgery with removal of evident tumor from the following primary sites: bladder (n=8), renal pelvis (n=7) and ureter (n=3). Group 2 (the salvage chemotherapy group) had undergone palliative surgery with a remnant tumor at the following primary sites; bladder (n=23) and renal pelvis (n=2). All the patients were given gemcitabine/ciplatin and they evaluated for the therapeutic effect and toxicity. The patients were initially treated with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 intravenously for 30 minutes on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle, and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 was administered intravenously on day 1 using prehydration measures. RESULTS: Group 1: The median follow-up period was 16.5 months. The mean age was 63 years (males: 15 cases, females: 3 cases), and eleven patients (61%) remained alive. The estimated median relapse-free survival period and 2-year survival rate were 24 months and 63%, respectively. Group 2: the median follow-up period was 20 months, the mean patient age was 63.8 years (males: 22 cases, females: 3 cases), and nine patients (36%) remained alive. The overall response and 2-year survival rates were 36% and 43%, respectively. Toxicities: Grade 3 toxicities developed in 14 cycles during the total 232 cycles. Grade 4 toxicity did not occur. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm that adjuvant and salvage chemotherapy with using gemcitabine and cisplatin is tolerable and safe.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Palliative Care ; Survival Rate ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urologic Neoplasms

PURPOSE: No consistent histo-pathological characteristics of cystic renal cell carcinomas have previously been determined. In this study, attempts were made at our hospital to evaluate the histopathological characteristics of this cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 451 patients with renal cell carcinomas, having undergone a radical nephrectomy, between January 1995 and April 2002, were retrospectively reviewed. The renal cell carcinomas were classified, according to the criteria of the World Health Organization, as a cystic renal cell carcinoma in 31 of these patients (6.8%). The tumor size, nuclear grade and pathological stage were investigated. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 52 years, ranging from 35 to 75. Cancer stages were T1, T2 and T3 in 26 (84%), 3 (10%) and 2 (6%) patients, respectively. The nuclear grade and pathological stage were lower in patients with a cystic renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: 81% of the cystic renal cell carcinoma cases were diagnosed incidentally. The cystic renal cell carcinomas were usually detected at lower stages and grades, and therefore were associated with a better prognosis than the renal cell carcinomas.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; World Health Organization

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography*

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity*

OBJECTIVE: Subdural hygroma (SDG) is a complication occurring after head trauma that may occur secondary to decompressive craniectomy (DC). However, the mechanism underlying SDG formation is not fully understood. Also, the relationship between the operative technique of DC or the decompressive effect and the occurrence and pathophysiology of SDG has not been clarified. Purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of SDG after DC in our series. METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2008, DC was performed in 85 patients who suffered from traumatic brain injury. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological features. For comparative analysis, we divided the patients into 2 groups : one group with SDG after craniectomy (19 patients; 28.4% of the total sample), the other group without SDG (48 patients; 71.6%). The risk factors for developing SDG were then analyzed. RESULTS: The mean Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores at discharge of the groups with and without SDG were 2.8 and 3.1, respectively (p<0.0001). Analysis of radiological factors showed that a midline shift in excess of 5 mm on CT scans was present in 19 patients (100%) in the group with SDG and in 32 patients (66.7%) in the group without SDG (p<0.05). An accompanying subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was seen in 17 patients (89.5%) in the group with SDG and in 29 patients (60.4%) in the group without SDG (p<0.05). Delayed hydrocephalus accompanied these findings in 10 patients (52.6%) in the group with SDG, versus 5 patients (10.4%) in the group without SDG (p<0.05). On CT, compression of basal cisterns was observed in 14 members (73.7%) in the group with SDG and in 18 members of the group without SDG (37.5%) (p<0.007). Furthermore, tearing of the arachnoid membrane, as observed on CT, was more common in all patients in the group with SDG (100%) than in the group without SDG (31 patients; 64.6%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: GOS showed statistically significant difference in the clinical risk factors for SDG between the group with SDG and the group without SDG. Analysis of radiological factors indicated that a midline shifting exceeding 5 mm, SAH, delayed hydrocephalus, compression of basal cisterns, and tearing of the arachnoid membrane were significantly more common in patients with SDG.
Arachnoid ; Brain Injuries ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Membranes ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Subdural Effusion

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of each method of counting ribs on chest CT and to propose a new method: the anterior approach with using the sternocostal joints. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of 38 rib lesions of 27 patients were analyzed (fracture: 25, metastasis: 11, benign bone disease: 2). Each lesion was independently counted by three radiologists with using three different methods for counting ribs: the sternoclavicular approach, the xiphisternal approach and the modified sternomanubrial approach. The rib lesions were divided into three parts for evaluation of each method according to the location of the lesion as follows: the upper part (between the first and fourth thoracic vertebra), the middle part (between the fifth and eighth) and the lower part (between the ninth and twelfth). RESULTS: The most accurate method was a modified sternomanubrial approach (99.1%). The accuracies of a xiphisternal approach and a sternoclavicular approach were 95.6% and 88.6%, respectively. A modified sternomanubrial approach showed the highest accuracies in all three parts (100%, 100% and 97.9%, respectively). CONCLUSION: We propose a new method for counting ribs, the modified sternomanubrial approach, which was more accurate than the known methods in any parts of the bony thorax, and it may be an easier and quicker method than the others in clinical practice.
Bone Diseases ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ribs* ; Sternocostal Joints ; Thorax* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

No abstract available.
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration* ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital* ; Lung*