A randomized, prospective study was conducted between October, 1994 and April, 1996 to compare the efficacy and safety of warfarin (group I) with dextran (group II) for the prevention of DVT after hip arthroplasty. 109 cases in 106 patients were included in the study. There were 60 cases in group I and 49 cases in group IL Risk factor for DVT were analysed before surgery and prophylactic modalities were performed. Color doppler was performed to all patients by one muskuloskeletal radiologist on 5th 8th post operative day and on 6 weeks after operation. DVT occurred in ten ( 16.6% ) of the 60 patients in group I, six ( 12.2% ) of the 49 patients in group II. but, this difference was not significant ( p= 0.582 ). Statistical analysis for the risk factors of age, sex, operation time, anesthetic method and operation method were performed and there were no statistical difference. Only statistical significance was a higher rates of DVT in cemented hip arthroplasty (p=0.028). There were seven proximal thigh DVT and nine calf DVT. We confirmed with sequential color doppler image that all cases of DVT except two complicated cases were resolved within 8 weeks after treatment: one case was expired for the reason of PE, and the other case had thigh hematoma during the treatment with warfarin. We could detect only one case of late onset DVT.
Arthroplasty* ; Dextrans ; Hematoma ; Hip* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thigh ; Venous Thrombosis* ; Warfarin

No abstract available.
Aortic Coarctation*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Benign Vocal Fold Lesion (polyp, cysts, nodules) and Leukoplakia in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data from the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, which were cross-sectional survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of South Korea. A survey team that included an otolaryngology residents, nurses, and interviewers moved with a mobile examination unit and performed laryngologic interviews and examinations of vocal folds using rigid telescopic laryngoscopy on survey participants over 19 years old (n=19636). RESULTS: Laryngoscopic examination revealed normal results in 19251 (98.04%) of those included in the survey. Abnormal laryngoscopic findings were observed in 1.96% of the population examined, and vocal cord nodules were the most common abnormal finding. The prevalence of vocal cord nodules was 0.99-1.72%, the prevalence of vocal cord polyps was 0.31-0.55%, the prevalence of vocal cysts was 0.04-0.17%, and the prevalence of vocal cord leukoplakia was 0.07-0.21%. There was no significant correlation of linear trend of prevalence by year, and there were no significant differences in prevalence between males and females. CONCLUSION: This is the first nationwide epidemiologic study to assess the prevalence of Benign Vocal Fold Lesion (polyp, cysts, nodules) and Leukoplakia by both the Korean Otolaryngologic Society and the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The results of this large epidemiologic study provide valuable information regarding the prevalence of voice disorders and the management of laryngologic diseases.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Laryngeal Diseases* ; Laryngoscopy ; Leukoplakia ; Male ; Methods ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Otolaryngology ; Polyps ; Prevalence* ; Republic of Korea* ; Vocal Cords ; Voice Disorders

PURPOSE: The mechanical insights of death of cancer cells by ionizing radiation are not yet clearly defined. Recent evidences have demonstrated that radiation therapy may induce cell death via activation of signaling pathway for apoptosis in target cells. This study was designed whether ionizing radiation may activate the signaling cascades of apoptosis including caspase family cystein proteases, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and transcriptional activation factors in target cells eventually leading to death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HL-60 cell line in the log phase was used in this study and the culture media was RPMI 1640. The irradiation was done using the linear accelarator and the radiation does was 10 Gy, 20 Gy, and 30 Gy, respectively. The cell viability was tested by MTT assay and apoptosis was identified by the DNA fragmentation assay. JNK1 (cJun N-terminal kinase) and ERK (extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase) activity was analyzed by the in vitro Ig complex kinase assay. NF- kB (Nuclear Factor- kB) and AP-1 (activator protein-1) activity was assayed by the electrophoretic mobility sbift assay. RESULTS: Ionizing radiation decreased the viability of HL-60 cells in a time and dose dependent manner. Ionizing radiation-induced cell death of HL-60 cells may be an apo- ptotic death which was evidenced as apoptotic characteristic ladder pattern fragmentation of DNA over 20 Gy at 4 hours. Ionizing radiation specifically induced the activation of CPP32-like cystein protease rather than ICE-like protease of HL-60 cells in a time and dose dependent manner. The activation of CPP32-like cystein protease was also evidenced by the digestion of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase with 30 Gy ionizing irradiation at 2 hours. The activity of JNK1 was transiently increased up to 3.6 fold by 30 Gy ionizing radiation at 2 hours. Ionizing radiation also rapidly activated the transcriptional activation factors including AP-1 and NF- kB at 10 or 30 min. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis was mediated by the activation of CPP32-like cystein protease, JNK1, and transcriptional activation factors
Apoptosis ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Culture Media ; Digestion ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Phosphotransferases ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; Transcriptional Activation

PURPOSE: To compare concentration of cytokines in the vitreous of rabbit eyes after photocoagulation using a short-pulse pattern scanning laser (PASCAL) or a conventional laser. METHODS: Laser photocoagulation was performed using PASCAL (duration 0.02 seconds) in the right eyes and a conventional laser (duration 0.1 seconds) in the left eyes of 13 pigmented rabbits. To obtain ophthalmoscopically similar mild burns, power was adjusted during the photocoagulation. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 3 or 7 days after photocoagulation to investigate histological changes. Levels of interleukins (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the vitreous humors of ten rabbits were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before treatment and at 1, 3 and 7 days after photocoagulation. RESULTS: Histological changes were comparable between the two groups. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were not detectable. IL-6 did not change significantly. IL-8 increased at day 3 and day 7, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When ophthalmoscopically similar mild burn intensity was achieved, conventional and PASCAL treatments of rabbit eyes caused no difference in intravitreal concentration of inflammatory cytokines.
Burns ; Cytokines* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Interleukins ; Light Coagulation* ; Rabbits* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vitreous Body

PURPOSE: We compared the calculated percent depth dose curves of 6 MeV electron beam to that of measured to evaluate the usefulness of Monte-Carlo simulation method in radiation physics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The radiation dose values of 6 MeV electron beam using EGS4 code with one million histories in water were compared values that were measured form the depth dose curve of electron beam irradiated by medical accelerator ML6M. The central exis dose values were calculated according the changing field size, such as 5 X 5, 10 X 10, 15 X 15, 20 X 20 cm2. RESULTS: The value calculated showed a very similar shape to depth dose curve. The calculated and measured value of Dmax at 10 X 10cm2 cone is 15mm and 14mm respectively. The calculated value of the surface radiation dose rate is 65.52% and measured one is 76.94%. The surface radiation dose rate has vaied from 64.43% to 66.99. The calculated values of Dmax are in the range between 15mm and 18mm. The calculated value was fitted well with measured value around the Dmax area, excluding build up range and below the 90% depth dose area. CONCLUSION: This result suggested that the calculation of dose value can be replace the direct measurement of the dose for radiation therapy. Also, EGS4 may be a very convenient program to assess the effect of radiation dose using by personal computers.
Microcomputers ; Water

PURPOSE: The dose calculation program for the Buchler type remote afterloading system was developed. This program also can be used to calculate dose for various sealed sources. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We determined the source length and distribution by dividing the program disk to 72 points. The dose rate for the each program disk and source was calculated. The dose rate table for the xy coordinate was established. The dose rate for the interesting points of the patient were calculated by using this table. We also made isodose curve from this calculations. RESULTS: The storage size for the dose rate table were increased.But the calculation of the dose rate for the patient were carried out rapidly. So we could get real time calculation. CONCLUSION: By using this program, we could calculate the dose rate for the various oints of the patient quickly and accurately. This program will be useful for the treatment with various linear sources.
Brachytherapy ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the predictors of long-term admission in patients with acute diarrhea at an early stage of their emergency department (ED) visit. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 125 patients who visited our ED with complaints of acute diarrhea and abdominal pain and underwent a stool test during one year (Jan. to Dec. 2001). We excluded patients who were transferred out or were self-discharged and those with another illness. We checked the numbers of cases of diarrhea, the presence of fever and abdominal pain, the stool cell counts, the blood cell counts, platelets, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine on admission. We also counted the length of stay and defined a stay of over 4 days in the hospital as a long-term admission. We tried to find parameters that could predict long-term admission at an early stage. RESULTS: A total of 125 patients were enrolled (men : 56 ; women : 69), and their mean age was 44 +/- 0.25 years. The mean length of stay was 3.0 +/- 0.02 days. The length of stay had a statistically significant correlation with the stool WBC (p<0.01, R=0.361). Only the stool WBC a the discriminative variable for long-term admission (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The stool WBC was a statistically significant predictive variable to determinate the long-term admission and the severity of acute diarrhea, and we think it could be used to make an early decision for the close medical attention.
Abdominal Pain ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Platelets ; Cell Count ; Creatinine ; Diarrhea* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Nitrogen ; Retrospective Studies ; Urea

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Tooth wear is physiological phenomenon. Ninety-seven percent of normal people have tooth wear and about 7% has pathologic teeth wear. If we know the amount of tooth surface loss caused by pathologic tooth wear, we may restore it ideally. PURPOSE: Recently, measurement of tooth wear by using 3D scan has been increasing. Therefore, we need to know how accurate 3D scan is. Past accuracy test on 3D scan was about linear change, but as we know that tooth wear is volume change. Thus, the purpose of this study is to know how accurate 3D scan is. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For accuracy test of 3D scanner, volume values measured by 3D scanner and micro-balance were compared. For test I, preliminary, 3 ball samples and 3 circular cones were made with pattern resin. For test II, 10 teeth shape rubber samples were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 1. The result of the accuracy test on 3D scan with 3 ball samples and 3 circular cones made of pattern resin has no significant difference(p<0.05). 2. The result of the accuracy test on 3D scan with 10 samples of tooth shape rubber has no significant difference(p<0.05). As a result, we may concluded the analysis of quantifying tooth wear used by 3D scan is useful in the clinic.
Physiological Phenomena ; Rubber ; Tooth Wear ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: In order to obtain basic data for treatment plan in radiosurgery, we measured small fields of 6 MV X-rays and compared the measured data with our Monte Carlo simulations for the small fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The small fields of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 cm in diameter were used in this study. Percentage depth dose (PDD) and beam profiles of those fields were measured and calculated. A small semiconductor detector, water phantoms, and a remote control system were used for the measurement. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the EGS4 code with the input data prepared for the energy distribution of 6 MV X-rays, beam divergence, circular fields and the geometry of the water phantoms. RESULTS: In the case of PDD values, the calculated values were lower than the measured values for all fields and depths, with the differences being 0.3 to 5.7% at the depths of 2.0 to 20.0 cm and 0.0 to 8.9% at the surface regions. As a result of the analysis of beam profiles for all field sizes at a depth of 10cm in water phantom, the measured 90% dose widths were in good agreement with the calculated values, however, the calculated penumbra radii were 0.1 cm shorter than measured values. CONCLUSION: The measured PDDs and beam profiles agreement with the Monte Carlo calculations approximately. However, it is different when it comes to calculations in the area of phantom surface and penumbra because the Monte Carlo calculations were performed under the simplified geometries. Therefore, we have to study how to include the actual geometries and more precise data for the field area in Monte Carlo calculations. The Monte Carlo calculations will be used as a useful tool for the very complicated conditions in measurement and verification.
Radiosurgery ; Semiconductors ; Water