Although the histologic grade of astrocytic neoplasms of the brain have been used as a prognostic factor, the lack of an objective criteria is possible to create the disagreement of classification. We evaluated 25 cases of astrocytic neoplasms of brain to document the usefulness of prolifera-tive potential of tumor as a prognostic indicator and the correlation with histologic grade by Nils Ringertz. The Ringertz's classification was relatively simple in an application among the variable systems and easy to define the differentiate from grade to grade. The examined cases were com-prised of 7 astrocytomas, 9 anaplastic astrocytomas and 9 glioblastoma multif6rmes. The prolife-rative potential of tumors were measured by Ag-NORs count, PCNA labeling index and flow cytometric analysis. The mean numbers of Ag-NORs per cell and PCNA labeling index were sig-nificantly differ among each histologic grade. In addition, abnormal DNA content and high prolif-erative index were frequently identified in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, the Ag-NORs counts, PCNA labeling index, DNA index and proliferative index were well correlated with the histologic grade.

Behcet's disease is characterized by recurrent orogenital ulcers and ocular and cutaneous inflammatory lesions. Cardiovascular involvement, which may be artrial or venous, is rare but carries a particularly poor prognosis. One of the known vascular complications of Behcet's disease is aneurysm formation or venous thrombosis. We recently experienced a Behect's disease with multiple arterial aneurysms and thrombosis and report this case with review of literatures.
Aneurysm* ; Prognosis ; Thrombosis* ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis ; Venous Thrombosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate tlne significance of vaginal air seen on CT scan in preoperative staging of uterine cervical carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A comparison was made between CT findings of vaginal air and true vaginal involvement status in 85 patients with uterine cervical carcinoma. CT findings were analyzed in terms of the presence or absence of vaginal air, number of CT slices in which vaginal air was seen, shape of vaginal air, and relation of vaginal airto cervical mass. RESULTS: Vaginal air was present in 35 patients and was absent in 50. Although the mere presence of vaginal air or multiplicity of CT slices showing vaginal air did not signify the presence of vaginal involvement, vaginal air with irregular margin or vaginal air adjacent to uterine cervical mass was suggestive of vaginal involvement. CONCELUSION: These observation of vaginal air in interpreting CT may be helpful in the preoperative staging of uterine cervical carcinoma.
Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vagina*

PURPOSE: To investigate Traquair's "hill of vision" of the normal Korean subjects in the photopic and mesopic background. METHODS: Automated perimetry was performed in 152 normal subjects using Humphrey 24-2 SITA standard (photopic background, n=100) and Octopus G1 full threshold (mesopic background, n=52) program. We calculated and compared the threshold sensitivity and sensitivity deviation of the visual field by the fashion of the superior/inferior hemi-field, temporal/nasal hemi-field, quadrant, and 5 degrees ring. RESULTS: In Humphrey, average mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were -1.22+/-0.86 and 1.43+/-0.33 dB, respectively. In Octopus, average MD and PSD were -3.39+/-1.39 and 1.67+/-0.23 dB, respectively. In both Humphrey and Octopus, the average threshold sensitivity of the inferior hemi-field was slightly higher than that of the superior hemi-field. There was no significant difference between the nasal and temporal hemi-field. The sensitivity was decreased with increasing the eccentricity. In the deviation map of the Humphrey, there were no significant differences in the comparisons of the hemifield, quadrant, and 5 degrees ring. In Octopus, there were no significant differences in the comparisons of the hemifield and quadrant. However, the sensitivity deviation was peaked at the fixation point and decreased with increasing the eccentricity. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the normal Korean subjects may have lower sensitivity than the normal age-matched controls of the automated perimetry, especially in the Octopus perimetry. In addition, this study suggests that the shape of the Traquair's "hill of vision" in the normal Korean subjects might be similar to that of the normal age-matched controls in Humphrey perimetry which was performed in photopic background, but it might be flatter in Octopus perimetry which was performed in mesopic background.
Octopodiformes ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis requires fusion of the involved segments and decompression laminectomy because it is mechanically unstahle and usually associated with stenosis of the spinal canal. Transabdominal retroperitoneal approach through small longitudinal pararectal skin incision provides easy and safe access to L3-4 and L4-5 disc spaces with less bleeding. We thought that anterior interbody fusion enable us to restore the disc space and to reduce partially the listhesis with less hleeding and less harvest of graft hone compared to posterolateral fusion, and also without the risk of neural or dural damage which could he occurred in posterior lumbar interbody fusion 4.15.16.17). Thus, authors performed the same-day anterior and posterior spinal surgery (APSS) in 28 patients (30 disc spaces) from 1992 to 1996 and analyzed the clinical and radiological results. The most common site of involvement was L4-5 level (82.1%). The mean follow-up period was 2 years and 2 months (from l2 months to 4 years). Fusion was ohtained at 29 disc spaces (96.7%) within 24 weeks (average, I 6 weeks). The anterior displacement was corrected up to the average of 65.4% (5.8mm) postoperatively and the average of 60.7% (5.2mm) correction remained at last follow-up. The intervertebral disc space was restored up to the average of 96.9% (7.5mm) postoperatively and the average of 86.0% (6.2mm) restoration remained at last follow-up. Twenty-five out of 28 patients (89.2%) showed excellent or good clinical results hy the criteria of Kim, et al6). In conclusion, the same-day procedure of successive anterior interbody fusion, decompression laminectomy and posterior pedicular instrumentation for the degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with spinal stenosis was thought to be a good method of treatment.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Laminectomy ; Skin ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis* ; Transplants

Restoring lost teeth is very important in terms of both function and aesthetics. If tooth loss occurs in the posterior region and the loss of support is persistent, it may cause a gradual shift in the position of the mandible and a change in occlusion. This clinical case attempted to restore support for the posterior teeth with a fixed prosthesis using implants in a patient whose opposing teeth were erupted and the occlusal plane collapsed due to long-term loss of the maxillary left posterior teeth and mandibular right first molars. To correct the occlusal plane of remaining dentition, wax-up of maxillary left posterior teeth was duplicated with acrylic resin and placed on maxilla. Surgical template for implant placement were fabricated using digital technology. After the support of the posterior teeth was restored with the placement of the implant, stable occlusion with temporary restorations was observed for a sufficient time. Afterwards, monolithic zirconia prosthesis was placed on the patient to ensure functional and aesthetic improvement.

Methods: We enrolled 40 patients who underwent either MISS (M group, 20 patients) or open posterior instrumentation surgery (O group, 20 patients) for the treatment of traumatic unstable burst fractures. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on postoperative back pain, operation time, blood loss, hospital stay duration, and perioperative complications. For radiologic evaluation, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and plain radiography were performed before and after the surgery to evaluate the changes in the kyphotic angle and fracture union. Results: The change in the kyphotic angle was −8.2°±5.8° in the M group and −8.0°±7.8° in the O group. No significant difference was noted in terms of the change in the kyphotic angle (p=0.94, t-test) after 12 months of surgery. The Visual Analog Scale score was 1.5±0.7 points in the M group, while it was 5.2±1.4 points in the O group. In the M group, back pain has significantly decreased (p<0.01, t-test). The estimated blood loss was 195.5 mL in the M group and 1,077.5 mL in the O group; the operation time was significantly decreased in the O group from 290.7 to 120.7 minutes in the M group (p<0.05, t-test) (p=0.36, t-test). The average duration of hospital stay was 36.0 days in the M group and 41.9 days in the O group (p=0.36, t-test). Conclusions For the treatment of unstable burst fractures, MISS showed significant differences in terms of postoperative back pain, operation time, and blood loss as compared to open posterior instrumentation surgery.

One hundred and twenty seven patients with uterine cervical carcinoma underwent computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance(MR) imaging, followed by surgical exploration. MR imaging was superior to CT in visualization of the tumor, for parametrial evaluation, and for tumor staging. MR imaging had an accuracy of 74% in the assessment of thickness of cervical stromal invasion. The accuracy rates for parametrial evaluation were 78% for CT and 88% for MR imaging. The overall accuracy rates for tumor staging were 68% for CT and 80% for MR imaging. The accuracy rates for pelvic lymph node evaluation were 82% for CT and 85% for MR imaging. Our findings suggest that MR imaging is supperior to CT in preoperative staging of uterine cervical carcinoma.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Staging

Five separate incidences of patients with cerebrovascular disease(CVD) were revealed among 555 craniocerebral traumatic victims between 1991 and 192. The 5 cases of with cerebrovascular disease revealed included 3 aneurysm. 1 arteriovenous malformation and 1 spontaneous intracerebral hematoma caused by angiographic study. The frequent use of computerized tomographic scans in the evaluation of head-injured victims can well demonstrate an intracerebral hemorrhage, but may not ge able to detect the associated cerebrovascular disease;whereas the efficacy of angiogrphy, on the contrary, has been losing its popularity as diagnostic armamentarium. The importance of angiographic study should be considered, if clinical signs and/or brain CT ideate the possibility of cerebrovascular disease even during the course of head injury management.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence

Cerebral air embolism is a rare but fatal complication of central venous catheterization. Here, we report a case of paradoxical cerebral air embolism associated with central venous catheterization. An 85-yr-old man underwent right internal jugular vein catheterization, and became obtunded. Brain MR imaging and CT revealed acute infarction with multiple air bubbles on the side of catheter insertion. The possibility of cerebral air embolism should be considered in patients developing neurological impairment after central venous catheterization, and efforts should be made to limit cerebral damage.
Aged, 80 and over ; Brain/pathology ; Catheterization, Central Venous/*adverse effects ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Embolism, Air/*etiology/ultrasonography ; Embolism, Paradoxical/*etiology/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Intracranial Embolism/*etiology/ultrasonography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed