PUPPOSE: This study was to evaluate the importance of liver cancer patient's diet and to provide guideline materials for proper nursing intervention. METHOD: The hermeneutic phenomenological method of van Manen was applied for the in-depth interview of liver cancer patients and the cultural background studies including linguistic, literary and art works to enhance the insight and understanding, from which the meaning of the cognition and lesson of the experiences were extracted. The participants for this study were five male patients, who had been diagnosed with liver cancer, 5-15 years ago and had been treated with Transcatheter Arterial Embolization without chemotherapy. The repeated interview and close observation were carried out for nine months starting from January 2001 in Seoul, Korea. RESULT: Eight essential themes were emerged ; (1) confliction(frustration) with hospital treatment (2) trial of every possible remedies (3) liking unpolluted natural foods(4) faithful tolerance (5) experiencing diet effectiveness (6) discovering personal control methods (7) deepen their faith in God (8) searching for healthy new life. CONCLUSION: The alternative diet therapy influenced their life beyond the physical overcoming of cancer toward psychological and spiritual healing. The study evidenced the necessity for scientific research and education on the effectiveness and application of complementary and alternative diet therapy for the treatment of cancer in hospital practices.
Cognition ; Diet Therapy* ; Diet* ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Linguistics ; Liver Neoplasms* ; Liver* ; Male ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Spiritual Therapies

PURPOSE: This study was to determine the effects of foot reflexomassage on constipated college women for the treatment of constipation. METHOD: The researcher sampled nursing students attending a college of nursing science in Gyeonggi-Do, and checked if they were affected by constipation in reference to the Rome II criteria & CAS. They were randomly divided into an experimental group(15 subjects) and a control group(15 subjects). Foot reflexomassage was applied to the experimental group 10 times in 2 weeks : each time lasted 40 minutes. The frequency of defecation and severity of constipation by CAS were measured. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS 11.5 program. RESULT: The CAS score of the experimental group was significantly lower after foot reflexomassage than those of the control group (p=.000). CONCLUSION: Foot reflexomassage can be considered an effective alternative treatment for constipated young women.
Complementary Therapies ; Constipation ; Defecation ; Female ; Foot* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

The purpose of this study was to investigate loneliness in infertile women and determine how loneliness related to personal characteristics, cause of infertility, family composition, and family conflicts. It also provides basic data for nursing strategies concerning infertile women. A total of 182 subjects were selected at an infertile clinic in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected from May 2 to June 21, 1997 by questionaire. It consisted of questions concerning general characteristics, items relating to infertility, and the Loneliness Scale. The UCLA Loneliness scale was used(more specifically, the Korean version of the Revised UCLA Scale by Kim Ok Soo.). The data were analyzed by using SPSS/PC computer program. The result are as follows: 1. The mean age of infertile women was 32.4 years old, and the mean age of souses was 34.8 yerars old. 30.2% of women had a marital duration of 3-5 years, and 25.8% had a marital duration of 5-10 years. 23.1% reported the main etiology of infertility as unexplained, 18.1% reported ovulation disturbances, and 26.4% reported complex causes. 3.8% of the couples had sexual relationship difficulty 83% lived in nuclear families, while 17% lived in large families. 2. The mean loneliness scores of infertile women was 35.53(SD=8.66). The total loneliness score of this study was 80. 3. There were significant differences in loneliness scores according to ages(F=6.893, p=.001), education background(t=4.418, p=.000), and the educational background of husband(t=2.339, p=.020). 4. Loneliness scores related to family situations were significantly different according to several male nephews in husbands' family(F=2.822, p=.027). 5. Loneliness scores related to conflicts were significantly different according to husbands and their family(F=11.465, p=.000). Nurses should acknowlege the fact that some infertile women may experience loneliness. In conclusion, nurses can provide infertile women with information about ways to decrease loneliness and create support groups for themselves, assisting infertile women to adjust to the experience of infertility through positive methods.
Education ; Family Characteristics ; Family Conflict ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Korea ; Loneliness* ; Male ; Nuclear Family ; Nursing ; Ovulation ; Self-Help Groups ; Seoul ; Spouses

PURPOSE: This study was done to identity the degree of instructional motivation and response after application of CAI in the student nurses' fundamental nursing course. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 77 student nurses and the data was collected from October, 7th to 17th in 1997. The examination sheet for cognitive style and a questionnaire to evaluate the degree of instructional motivation were used to collect data. RESULT: 1) It was found that the degree of instructional motivation of the learner was higher in the CAI class.(134.23/170) 2) After CAI, the learners expressed relatively higher satisfaction in understanding, interest, degree of difficulty, number of problems, icons, and extra information. 3) It was found that 53 learners(68.8%) were field independent-cognitive learners and 24 learners(31.2%) were field dependent-cognitive learners. 4) Among the instructional responses according to the cognitive behavior of the learner after CAI, there were significant differences in reasons for understanding the computer program, interest in the computer program class, and the number of students assigned to each computer. 5) There were no significant difference between cognitive style and instructional motivation. CONCLUSION: The CAI effect for nursing students fundamental nursing course have been positive evaluated. CAI in nursing education is becoming very available and needs to develop effective CAI and use not only fundamental nursing course but also another nursing education programs.
Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Motivation* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Tamoxifen*

3 cases of azygos lobe were found during dissection at Chungnam National University of Korea in 2000 ~2001. All the azygos lobes located at the right upper lobe, and azygos fissures began from the upper anterior part of hilum, curved laterally and postieriorly around the apical portion of right lung toward the upper posterior part of hilum. Each azygos vein of 3 cases ran along the azygos fissure in its base, forming azygos arch, and ended into the superior vena cava at the level of 2nd costal cartilage. Bronchopulmonary dissection revealed the B 1 a and B 1 b supplying the azygos lobe in all cases.
Azygos Vein ; Cartilage ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Korea ; Lung ; Vena Cava, Superior

The purpose of this study was to describe and understand how diabetics dealt with the result of the various changes of lifestyle. The grounded theory approach of qualitative research methods was used for building a substantive theory about that. The subjects of this study were 10 clients who experienced diabetes from 4 to 30 years. The data was collected from August 1999 to November 1999 through in-depth interviews utilizing home visitation and telephone interview technique then it was and analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which the new data was continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss & Corbin,s methodology. One hundred six concepts were found and they were grouped into 35 categories and then into 14 categories. The results were as follows difficulty, unable to overcome the changes, disposition, disease process, tiredness, supportive environment, perception, handling, concent- ration, mastering, endurance, avoidance, giving up and tailoring. The core phenomenon was 'tiredness' and these categories were synthesized into one core concept, the process of tailoring. The process of tailoring in diabetics consisted of: 1) going through difficulty of disease management 2) experiencing tiredness from the difficulty of disease management 3) perception of disease from tiredness 4) undergoing various self-management 5) controlling the process of tailoring by one's own method. Six hypotheses were derived from the relation of these concepts and four types were from intensity of tiredness, direction of disposition, type of disease process and the level of supportive environment and perception. This study offers better understanding on diabetic experiences and may facilitate more appropriate interventive strategies to provide support, information and knowledge. The nurses should utilize the results to help diabetics enjoy their lives without any trouble and must continuously develop nursing knowledges and skills.
Disease Management ; House Calls ; Interviews as Topic ; Life Style ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Self Care

X -ray irradiation induces various congenital anomalies in the human fetuses and experimental animals. The action mechanism of teratogenesis, however, still not known completely. Furthermore, the dynamics of teratogenesis according to the developmental stages are so great that complete unveiling the teratogenic action mechanism of radiation is nearly impossible. And, it is necessary to make the experimental model for the study on the damages caused by electromagnetic field, recently. In this study, the Sprague -Dawley rats were irradiated 2 Gy once on the GD 10.7, and observed the congenital anomalies of the fetuses on GD 17.5, grossly and light microscopically. The results were as follows ; 1. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between control and irradiated groups. However, mean body weight of the experimental group decreased significantly compared to control group. 2. X -irradiation -induced congenital anomalies were eye anomalies such as unilateral and/or bilateral anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and aphakia, hemorrhagic plaques on the head, tail anomalies such as short tail and curved tail, and posterior limb anomalies. 3. Posterior limb anomalies were all ecrodactyly, such as 4 -digit anomaly, 3 -digit anomaly, and cleft foot. In the sidedness of anomalies, right side showed greater dominance than left.
Animals ; Anophthalmos ; Aphakia ; Body Weight ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Extremities ; Fetus* ; Foot ; Head ; Humans ; Microphthalmos ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats* ; Survival Rate ; Tail ; Teratogenesis

Hantavirus infection occuring during pregnancy is rarely progressing to adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is accompanied by thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, fever, oliguria, aggravation of bleeding, hematuria, lactacedemia. Pregnancy may have an unfavorable impact on the pathophysiologic characteristics of ARDS. The high oxygen demands of pregnancy are unable to be matched by oxygen delivery in ARDS and may predispose the patient to multiple organ failure, as well as fetal oxygen deprivation. We present the case with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome complicating pregnancy.
Fever ; Hantavirus Infections ; Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome* ; Hantavirus* ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Oliguria ; Oxygen ; Pregnancy* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Thrombocytopenia

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is an acute disease characterized by fever, headache, bleeding tendency, and anuria. We recently treated a case of hemorrhagic fever in a renal allograft patient with renal syndrome. A 43-year-old woman presented with high fever, headache, and myalgia for 4 days. In February 1998, she had undergone allograft kidney transplantation following treatment with cyclosporine and steroids. Allograft function was stable. Hantaan virus infection was demonstrated by serology during the first hospital week. Her clinical course progressed through febrile, hypotensive, oliguria, polyuria, and recovery phases. The patient was successfully treated with continuous renal replacement therapy and supportive management with maintenance doses of immunosuppressive agents.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Anuria ; Cyclosporine ; Female ; Fever ; Hantaan virus ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Oliguria ; Polyuria ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Steroids ; Transplantation, Homologous