Nowadays shoulder ultrasound is commonly used in the assessment of shoulder diseases and is as accurate as magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of several pathologies. Operator dependence is the main disadvantage of shoulder ultrasound. After adhering to a strict examination protocol, good knowledge of normal anatomy and pathologic processes and an awareness of common pitfalls, it can be used as a focused examination providing rapid, real-time diagnosis, and treatment by ultrasound-guided interventions in desired clinical situations. Also shoulder ultrasound can help the surgeon decide whether treatment will be surgical or nonsurgical. If arthroscopy is planned, sonographic findings help to counsel patients regarding surgical and functional outcomes. If a nonsurgical approach is indicated, ultrasound can be used to follow patients. This review article presents the examination techniques, the normal sonographic appearances and the main pathologic conditions found in shoulder ultrasound. And also addresses a simplified approach to scanning and ultrasound-guided intervention. Knowledge of optimal techniques, normal anatomy, dynamic maneuvers, and pathologic conditions is essential for optimal performance and interpretation of images.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pathologic Processes ; Pathology ; Shoulder* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Syphilis, Congenital*

No abstract available.
Insulinoma*

Acupuncture with gold needle insertion is utilized in Oriental medicine, and the effect of therapy is represented by anti-inflammatory and analgesic function, But sometimes the needle is erroneously inserted into abdominal organs, and then it may cause dangerous complications. We report a case of multiple gold needles in the abdominal organs without having definete clinical symptoms.
Acupuncture* ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Needles* ; Radiography*

No abstract available.
Synostosis*

Pancreas lipomatosis is definde as fatty replacement of pancreatic acinar cells. Of the nine cases evaluated, seven cases (77.8%) of lipomatosis were limited inbody and tail, one case (11.1%) showed total lipomatosis excluding uncinate process and the remaining one case (11.1%) only in tail. As to the severity of lipomatosis, complete fat replacement in body and tail was found in four cases (44.4%), incomplete body and complete tail involvement in two (22.2%), incomplete body and tail, complete all except uncinate process, and complete tail involvements were found in one case (11.1%) each. Associated or predisposing factors included three diabetes mellitus (33.3%) combined with pancreas divisum, pancreas lithiasis and cholelithiasis respectively, hepatitis (22.2%) in two, and pseudocyst (11.1%) in one case, but in three cases (33.3%) nothing was found. In conclusion, pancreas lipomatosis was easily diagnosed by the abdominal CT and it was associated or predisposed by several e tities but had no major clinical symptoms, such as pancreatic insufficiency.
Acinar Cells ; Causality ; Cholelithiasis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ; Hepatitis ; Lipomatosis* ; Lithiasis ; Pancreas* ; Tail ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: There are various surgical approaches to far-lateral lesions in the L5-S1 intervertebral space. Of these is the validity of a paramedian tangential approach is being investigated in this study. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 25 patients who had been diagnosed as having a far-lateral L5-S1 disc herniations, osteophyte, costal process hypertrophy, and had undergone a paramedian tangential approach from November 1999 through December 2003. The degree of symptoms and improvement were compared via the visual analog pain scale, before and after surgery. RESULTS: This study included 4 males and 21 females with a mean age of 62+/-11.8 years old. The average follow-up period after surgery was 8.2+/-2.7 months. The visual analog pain scale taken before surgery was 6.7+/-1.1 points, while the post-surgical scale was 2.4+/-0.9 points showing a significant decrease (p<0.05). There were no complications that developed during surgery. CONCLUSION: A paramedian tangential approach is less invasive in the soft tissue than that of the median approach. This approach may effectively reduce nerve root compression and expand intervertebral foramens, and is devoid of the risk of spinal instability after surgery. The authors suppose that a paramedian tangential approach is quite an effective technique to relieve compression in the far-lateral L5-S1 intervertebral space.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Osteophyte ; Pain Measurement ; Radiculopathy ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: For the correction of ptosis with very poor levator function, frontalis sling operation with various materials has been used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the modified Crawford technique using preserved fascia lata. METHODS: The photographs and charts of 46 patients who underwent frontalis sling operation using preserved fascia lata from June 2001 to February 2004 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The eyelid crease approach was used with the suturing of the sling material directly to the tarsus. RESULTS: The patients were 27 males and 19 females. There were 20 (44%) unilateral cases and 26 (56%) bilateral cases. The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 65 years at the time of surgery, with an average age of 8.3 years. The success rate was 93% (43/46 patients) for a mean postoperative follow-up of 9 months (range 4~26 months). The complications consisted of one case of overcorrection and 2 cases of undercorrection. Knot exposure occurred in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Crawford technique using preserved fascia lata appears to be an effective treatment for severe ptosis. The lid crease formation provides good cosmetic results and the direct suturing of the preserved fascia lata to the tarsus prevents its migration.
Ankle ; Blepharoptosis ; Eyelids ; Fascia Lata* ; Fascia* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Even though the value of computed tomography (CT) used to detect the colon carcinoma with minimal invasion is limited, its usefulnes sin the evaluation of the extent of disease such as hepatic metastasis or distant lymph node invasion has been emphasized. To examine the role of CT in the evaluation of colon carcinoma, CT scans obtained during the past 2 years in 56 patients with surgically proven colon carcinoma were reviewed and the findings correlated with pathologic results. The sensitivity and accuracy of CT for pericolic fat infiltration were 86, 58 and 80% respectively. Those of regional node were 60, 83 and 75% and distant node 67, 100 and 95%. Liver metastases showed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 83, 98, 96% and peritoneal metastases 67, 94 and 89% respectively. CT detected local invasion with fair degree of accuracy but the true value of CT lie in the detection of distant invasions such as liver and distant lymph node metastases thereby leading to preclusion of unnecessary procedures and implementation of appropriate precedures.
Colon* ; Humans ; Liver* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Unnecessary Procedures

To investigate the effect of trabeculectomy with the modification of scleral flap, modified trabeculectomy with partially excised scleral flap(PESF) was performed in one eye and trabeculectomy with non-excised scleral flap(NESF) in the contralateral eyes of five rabbits. Postoperative histologic examinations were done on these eyes at 2 weeks after surgery. And 10 PESF and 12 NESF trabeculectomies was performed in 22 glaucoma patients for the control of intraocular pressure(IOP). Results of histologic examination showed less subconjunctival inflammation and fibrosis in PESF group than NESF group. IOP was controlled successfully in PESF(80%) and NESF(75%) group. Mean IOP was 14.7 +/- 4.1 mmHg in PESF group and 16.4 +/- 2.5 mmHg in NESF group at the 2 month follow-up visit. Duration of anterior chamber reformation was 10.7 days in PESF group and 8.9 days in NESF group. And cases of removal of releasable suture were 5 eyes in NESF group but none in PESF grup. This PESF trabeculectomy seems to be a safe and effective procedure that produces diffuse, persistent blebs and good control of IOP.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits ; Sutures ; Trabeculectomy*