The authors studied ED50 of bethanechol on the contractilities of the smooth muscles isolated from various organs of rat under the presence of atropine (a classical competitive blocker of cholinergic muscarinic receptor) or minaprine (a newly developed antidepressant drug) to investigate the peripheral anticholinergic effect of minaprine. The results were as follow: 1) There was no significant difference between ED50 of bethanechol in the control group and that under the presence of minaprine 10⁻⁸M and 10⁻⁷M in the smooth muscles isolated from the duodenum. 2) There was no significant difference between ED50 of bethanechol in the control group and that under the presence of minaprine 10⁻⁸M and 10⁻⁷M in the smooth muscles isolated from the ascending colon. 3) There was significant difference between ED50 of bethanechol in the control group and that under the presence of minaprine 10⁻⁸M and 10⁻⁷M in the smooth muscles isolated from the urinary bladder (P<0.01) 4) There was significant difference between ED50 of the atropine 10⁻⁸ and minaprine (10⁻⁸M) in the smooth muscles isolated from the urinary bladder (P<0.05).
Animals ; Atropine ; Bethanechol ; Colon, Ascending ; Duodenum ; Muscle, Smooth ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Cholecystectomy* ; Laparotomy*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Pneumothorax*

No abstract available.

The effect of sodium on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport kinetics was studied in isolated rat kidney slices in an attempt to define the role of sodium ion in renal organic acid transport. 1. In normally metabolizing renal slices, Na+ increased the Vmax of PAH influx without changing the Michaelis constant (Km). On the other hand, the effIux of preaccumulated PAH was reduced as the Na+ concentration increased. 2. In metabolically impaired renal slices, Na+ had no apparent effect on the influx and efflux of PAH. These results may indicate that Na+ is important for the energy transducing reaction in the PAH transport process.
Aminohippuric Acids/metabolism* ; Animal ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Culture Media ; Female ; In Vitro ; Kidney/metabolism* ; Kinetics ; Male ; Organ Culture ; Rats ; Sodium/pharmacology* ; p-Aminohippuric Acid/metabolism*

No abstract available.
Solvents*

No abstract available.
Esophageal Achalasia* ; Leiomyoma*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis*

The activity of Mg++-dependent, Ca++-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) of rat liver mitochondria was studied at varying medium compositions, pH and temperatures. The enzyme system was characteristically sensitive to Ca++ concentration with a KmCa of approximately 0.06 mM. The optimal concentration of Mg was about l mM, above which the enzyme activity was progressively inhibited. The inhibitory effect of high Mg++ concentrations appeared to be due to the alteration of the Mg++/ATP ratio. Variations in the Mg++/ATP ratio affected Vmax but not the KmATP. The pH optimum for enzyme activity increased as the incubation temperature decreased, but the optimal OH-/H+ ratio of the medium was constant at around 0.1, regardless of temperature. The activity of the enzyme was not affected by La# (0.01-1 mM) and Ruthenium red (2.5-10.0 microM). These results indicate that 1) the enzymatic characteristics of the Ca-ATPase system in the rat liver mitochondria is typical of those from other tissue preparations, 2) the enzyme system maintains the most effective catalytic conformation at a fixed level of OH-/H+ ratio of 0.1 when the temperature changes, and 3) the enzyme system may not play a role in the physiological transport of Ca++ in mitochondria.
Animal ; Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase/metabolism* ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Female ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Male ; Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology* ; Rats ; Temperature