PURPOSE: The most effective and basic Tb preventive measure is BCG vaccination. Even though the Intradermal vaccination method in BCG vaccination is known to be the most accurate method in preventing the advanced Tb, nowdays most of the Korean civilian hospitals utilize multipuncture BCG vaccination method ,which is quite contrary to the national standard intradermal vaccination method. Therefore I decided to inform and educate the pregnant women who would be in a position to choose the BCG vaccination method. This will help them understand the BCG vaccination methods properly. We should urge the intradermal method which is acknowledged as the national standard vaccination method. METHODS: The questionnaire was mailed twice to 214 pregnant women requring the antenatal care who visited any of the 9 health centers in Busan from the period of Aug to Oct. 2007. The 1st questionnaire was done in 214 pregnant women prior to education concerning the BCG vaccination methods and Tb, and the 2nd questionnaire was done after education. Contents of the questionnaire were general knowledges for BCG vaccination method, intention of selection for BCG vaccination, knowledges for the adverse effect, etc. Data analysis was performed utilizing SPSS (ver12) and the pregnant women's change in concept was comparatively analyzed with percentage, chi-square -test . RESULTS: Considering the general characteristics of the pregnant women who participated in the study, the highest percentage was noticed in their 15-28 gestational weeks (60.8%), Age over 30 (70.1%), Education level-college graduate (76.6%). Recognition to the presence of two types BCG vaccination method was 27.6% before education and 95.3% after education which showed a marked improvement (p=0.0001). After education, 82.2% of pregnant women decided to choose intradermal BCG vaccination method at birth which was 23.4% before education (p=0.0003). Despite the fact that intradermal BCG method is the national standard vaccination method, some of them prefer multipuncture BCG vaccination method, because most of the scars (41.3%), the civilian hospitals do it (35.7%), because of the lack of the education and information from the health centers and public institutions (17.4%). The future selection of BCG vaccination methods as follows: before education, intradermal BCG vaccination 31.0%, multipuncture BCG vaccination 14.6%, uncertain 54.4%, and after education, intradermal BCG vaccination 72.4%, multipuncture BCG vaccination 2.8%, uncertain 24.8% (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The pregnant women were not fully aware of intradermal and multipuncture BCG vaccination methods. Through education and information, it was possible for them to thoroughly recognize the BCG vaccination methods. In order to urge the intradermal BCG vaccination method, the health centers and public institutions need to educate and inform the pregnant women regarding the intradermal BCG vaccination method which is the standard vaccination method in Korea.
Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Parturition ; Postal Service ; Pregnant Women ; Statistics as Topic ; Vaccination ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Repairing large nasal defects in the nose gives us technical challenge. Despite the commonly available surgical techniques, paramedian forehead flap (PFF), an arterial flap, should be considered in repairing some of the large nasal defects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and cosmetic consequences of PFF for the reconstruction of large nasal defects after skin cancer excision. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2011, 8 patients were treated with PFF for reconstruction of large nasal defects after Mohs surgery or wide excision. We reviewed surgical techniques, complications, and final results. Post-operative results were assessed with serial clinical photographs, physicians' objective records and patients' subjective records. RESULTS: The size of surgical defects was ranged from 2.0 to 3.0 cm in their greatest diameter, involving at least 2 cosmetic subunits after tumor excision. Frequent involved sites were nasal tip and nasal dorsum. There were no significant complications, except transient bleeding and oozing. The cosmetic outcomes were considered as good or excellent in most of patients. CONCLUSION: PFF is regarded as the recommended technique for the repair of large nasal defects, involving several cosmetic subunits, providing excellent cosmetic results with few complications.
Cosmetics ; Forehead ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mohs Surgery ; Nose ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Repairing large nasal defects in the nose gives us technical challenge. Despite the commonly available surgical techniques, paramedian forehead flap (PFF), an arterial flap, should be considered in repairing some of the large nasal defects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and cosmetic consequences of PFF for the reconstruction of large nasal defects after skin cancer excision. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2011, 8 patients were treated with PFF for reconstruction of large nasal defects after Mohs surgery or wide excision. We reviewed surgical techniques, complications, and final results. Post-operative results were assessed with serial clinical photographs, physicians' objective records and patients' subjective records. RESULTS: The size of surgical defects was ranged from 2.0 to 3.0 cm in their greatest diameter, involving at least 2 cosmetic subunits after tumor excision. Frequent involved sites were nasal tip and nasal dorsum. There were no significant complications, except transient bleeding and oozing. The cosmetic outcomes were considered as good or excellent in most of patients. CONCLUSION: PFF is regarded as the recommended technique for the repair of large nasal defects, involving several cosmetic subunits, providing excellent cosmetic results with few complications.
Cosmetics ; Forehead ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mohs Surgery ; Nose ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Hospital-wide surveillance showed an up to 9% increase in the incidence rate of the nasal transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among health care workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital where MRSA is endemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of and attitude towards nasal transmission of MRSA and hand-washing practice among HCWs and determine the behavioral factors associated with the nasal transmission of MRSA. METHODS: In a 750-bed tertiary care hospital, nasal swabs from HCWs were obtained, and questionnaires with 25 questions were distributed to HCWs who were divided into 2 different groups: MRSA carriers and non-carriers. The questionnaires focused on the HCWs' knowledge about the mode of MRSA transmission and precautions against MRSA infection and their self-reported compliance for hand hygiene. RESULTS: The total number of respondents for the surveillance culture and survey were 253 (51 MRSA carriers and 202 non-carriers). There was significant difference between the 2 groups on the knowledge of precautionary measures used for the MRSA patients in the hospital (P=0.026). Compared to the MRSA carriers, the non-carriers washed their hands significantly more frequently after ventilator care (P=0.004) and used more alcohol sanitizers (P=0.023). However, no significant difference was observed in hand-washing practices of both the groups before the medical procedures, their knowledge about the mode of transmission of MRSA, and the duration of hand washing. CONCLUSION: Non-carriers replied more accurately to the questions on knowledge about the management and treatment of MRSA, and they considered interventions such as surveillance cultures and questionnaires to be an effective method in lowering the incidence of nosocomial infections. Compared to the MRSA carriers, the non-carriers showed higher hand-washing compliance.
Compliance ; Cross Infection ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care ; Drug Resistance ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Paget Disease, Extramammary* ; Vulva

No abstract available.
Panniculitis, Lupus Erythematosus*

No abstract available.
Gastrectomy* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Dermoid Cyst*

Animals ; Brain Stem ; Capsaicin ; Child ; Child, Orphaned ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated ; Neurons ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Receptors, Opioid ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Synaptic Transmission

OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence and characteristics of language disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to understand the differences of language disorder according to the degree and lesion of brain damage and the outcomes after proper language training programs. METHOD: The subjects were 24 adult TBI patients. Seventeen patients with language disorder were examined with language disorder screening test. The characteristics of the language disorders were evaluated according to the degree and lesion site of the brain injury. Prognosis of the language disorders was studied. The tests were performed at the initiation and termination of the language treatment program. RESULTS: The incidence of language disorders was 91.7%. At the initial evaluation, all items showed a low rate of correct response, but at the final evaluation, the statistically significant improvement was noted in all items. There was no difference between moderate and severe brain damages at final evaluation. Focal lesion group revealed higher rate of correct response than diffuse lesion group on comprehension, expression, reading, and calculation at final evaluation. CONCLUSION: The TBI patients showed diffuse language dysfunction on fluency, comprehension, expression, reading, writing, and calculation. But the majority of these patients showed satisfactory recovery, especially the focal brain lesion showed the better outcome. These patients with focal lesion were needed precise language evaluation and more intensive language treatment program.
Adult ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Comprehension ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Incidence ; Language Disorders* ; Language Therapy ; Mass Screening ; Prognosis ; Writing