No abstract available.
Cholecystectomy*

There are some kinds of neoplasms to be differentiated in the clival area, such as chordoma, invasive pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, trigeminal neuroma, epidermoid cyst, and epidermoid tumor. A 12-year-old girl had admitted with a chief complaint of diplopia. On computed tomography and magnetic resonance(MR) image , cystic mass of about 4cm in diameter which partially destroyed bony structure at posterior part of the clivus was compressing brainstem slightly at anterior direction. This mass showed hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR image, hypointensity on T1-weighted MR image and especially hyperintensity on diffusion image, but no contrast enhancement. So, We suspected a epidermoid cyst and planned biopsy through a transsphenoidal approach. Fortunately, tumor was removed completely. This tumor was considered as epidermoid cyst on MR image. But, it was confirmed as chordoma in pathologic diagnosis. Therefore, we report this case and it may be helpful to make a differential diagnosis in clival cystic chordoma preoperatively that has multilobulation, bony erosion, and calcification on radiologic findings.
Biopsy ; Brain Stem ; Child* ; Chordoma* ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; Craniopharyngioma ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffusion ; Diplopia ; Epidermal Cyst ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neuroma ; Pituitary Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, contact history, and status of tuberculosis contact investigations in school-age children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) at two centers. METHODS: This study was conducted with 54 patients in the age ranging from 10 to 18 years, who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB at the Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Children's Hospital, January 2008 to December 2012. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 16 years old; 11 patients were aged 10 to 14 and 43 patients were aged 15 to 18. Among 54 patients, 19 had history of contact with pulmonary TB, 10 had contact with house members (household), and remaining 9 had contact with classmates (non-household). One out of 10 patients who had household contacts and 6 out of 9 patients who had non-household contacts were evaluated with contact investigation after the exposure to pulmonary TB. Among 7 patients who were evaluated with contact investigation, 3 were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB, 1 had latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 3 had no evidence of TB or LTBI. The median period of diagnosis after the exposure to active pulmonary TB was 2 years in patients with household contacts and 0.23 years in patients with non-household contacts. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that if the contact investigation conducted properly, it would be helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of pulmonary TB.
Adolescent* ; Busan ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

We intended to evaluate the Young's modulus of trabecular bone and apparent density from Computed Tomography(CT) and Spherical Indentation test and to quantify relation ship between them. The distal femurs(31 age, male, left and right) were prepared for exprimentatin and were embedded with repect to anatomical orientation. Then the specimens were scnned at 1 mm intervals on GE9800 CT scanner and the Hounsfield Units(HU, or CT number) were extracted from each CT image. After scanning, the bones were sectioned with diamond saw, producing 8 mm cubes of trabecular bone(72 eachs) from the metaphyseal region of both distal femur. The cubes were mechanically tested in inferior-superior(IS), anteriorposterior(AP), and medial-lateral(ML) direction with custom-made device, Spherical Indentatin Tester. After testing, the real apparent density of specimens were measured. The results of this study showed that the IS modulus was singificantly greater than both the AP and ML modulus and the AP modulus was also greater than ML modulus significantly(p<0.01). A linear relation ship between HU and real apparent density was found to be significant(R2=0.68) and significant power relationship between the apparent density and the tangent moduli(either by CT or physical measures) was also found.
Diamond ; Elastic Modulus* ; Femur ; Humans* ; Male ; Ships

A case of adenocarcinoma of cystic duct associated with GB empyema is presented. A 72 year old male was admitted to Kwangju Christian hospital because of abdominal pain in right upper quadrant for 4 days. He underwent explolaparotomy under the impression of GB empyema or GB cancer. For seeking causative factor of GB empyema, serial sections of cystic duct and mapping were performed. We can find adenocarcinoma of cystic duct in the specimen removed at cholecystectomy. The criteria for disgnosis of cystie duct carcinoma which was outlined by Farrar. These criteria are; 1) The growth must be restricted to the cystic duct, 2) There is no neoplastic process in the gall bladder, hepatic and common bile duct. 3) Histopathological examination must be comfirm carcinoma. Here we report a case of adenocarcinoma of cystic duct associated with GB empyema with brief review of Literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Cholecystectomy ; Common Bile Duct ; Cystic Duct* ; Empyema* ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

Domestic violence is a phenomenon that requires extensive medical attention as it has both short-term and long-term effects on the victims as well as their families and communities. Therefore, clinicians need to have not only a general knowledge of domestic violence, but also need to be skilled in early identification of victimized patients, proper intervention methods, and assessment of sequelae. Furthermore, as health care service providers, clinicians should make efforts to refer patients to appropriate institutions as a means of preventing further violence. This paper presents general ideas about the high-risk domestic violence group, gives guidelines for clinicians who are likely to meet such victims as a patient, and describes sequelae of and treatments for domestic violence victims and their children. In conclusion, through such medical endeavors and the roles of experts, the desire for an increase in social sensitivity to domestic violence and for minimizing short-term and long-term sequelae can be fulfilled. In the future, it is necessary to develop more suitable guidelines for the treatment of domestic violence victims and to undertake studies into the attitudes of medical professionals facing domestic violence victims in Korea.

Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Condyle ; Mouth ; Prognosis ; Temporomandibular Joint

What shapes human development? The long-standing academic debate of nature versus nurture, dating back to ancient Greece. It has evolved through extensive research to emphasize the complex and dynamic interplay between genetic and environmental factors, rather than favoring one over the other. However, in clinical practice, this balanced perspective is often challenged by extreme cases. Tara Westover’s 2018 memoir, Educated, presents a powerful autobiographical narrative of identity formation through education and self-enlightenment. This book explores the journey of a gifted child raised in an extreme environment as she seeks to understand herself and her family, ultimately redefining the meaning of education. Through this lens, Educated extends beyond an individual account of adversity and resilience, offering broader insights into universal experiences of trauma, growth, and self-discovery.

What shapes human development? The long-standing academic debate of nature versus nurture, dating back to ancient Greece. It has evolved through extensive research to emphasize the complex and dynamic interplay between genetic and environmental factors, rather than favoring one over the other. However, in clinical practice, this balanced perspective is often challenged by extreme cases. Tara Westover’s 2018 memoir, Educated, presents a powerful autobiographical narrative of identity formation through education and self-enlightenment. This book explores the journey of a gifted child raised in an extreme environment as she seeks to understand herself and her family, ultimately redefining the meaning of education. Through this lens, Educated extends beyond an individual account of adversity and resilience, offering broader insights into universal experiences of trauma, growth, and self-discovery.