The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary habits, dietary attitudes, perceptions for nutritional importance, nutritional knowledge and frequency of food intake to get the basic data of effective nutritional knowledge to form desirable dietary habits of students. This study was carried out through a questionnaire. The subjects were 362 teenagers (boys 161, girls 201) in some farming and fishing regions of Jeonnam. The most desirable dietary habit was that both boys and girls never skipped their lunch, the undesirable dietary habit was that boys ate too fast and girls had too many snacks. While boys ate faster than girls (p < 0.01), girls skipped dinner more frequently than boys (p < 0.01). In terms of dietary attitudes, boys had more desirable attitudes than girls in that they "choose nutritious food" (p < 0.01), "enjoyed healthy food more than favorite food" (p < 0.01), "think about basic food groups when having something" (p < 0.01) while girls had more desirable attitudes than boys in that they "only have favorite food" (p < 0.01). In nutritional knowledge, girls showed a percentage of more correct answers than boys in "is likely to suffer anemia without enough iron" (p < 0.05), and "it doesn't need to eat fat, which causes obesity" (p < 0.05). In general, girls had higher nutritional knowledge than boys. For frequency of food intake, boys ate more fried and broiled food than girls (p < 0.05). In general, boys had nutritional unbalanced diets more than girls. As a result, girls had higher levels of nutritional knowledge and boys had more desirable dietary habits and attitudes. We should have systematic and repetitive education about nutrition so that teenagers could practice their nutritional knowledge in diets. Moreover, it is necessary to develop proper education for their genders.
Adolescent* ; Anemia ; Diet ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do* ; Lunch ; Meals ; Snacks

No abstract available.
Movement Disorders

PURPOSE: The aims of the current study were to evaluate the effects of superficial cold and heat after spine surgery on pain, satisfaction with pain control and comfort level, and to identify subjective responses and adverse effects. METHODS: A prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was utilized. The intervention group (n=36) received superficial cooling until the wound drain was removed and thereafter followed by superficial heating until discharge, while the control group (n=34) received only superficial cooling until wound drain was removed. Data were collected from August 4 to November 11 2014. RESULTS: There was significant difference in pain according to time within groups (F=71.87, p<.001). However, we found no difference in pain between groups. The intervention group reported higher patient satisfaction with pain control (4 vs 3, z=-2.83, p=.005) and higher comfort level (5 vs 4, z=-4.12, p<.001) than the control group. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that sequential application of superficial cold and heat is a useful method in clinical practice for management of pain after spine surgery.
Cryotherapy ; Heating ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans ; Methods ; Pain, Postoperative ; Patient Satisfaction* ; Personal Satisfaction ; Prospective Studies ; Spine* ; Wounds and Injuries

Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum is extremely rare. Herein we report two cases of rectal squamous cell carcinoma. Case 1 was a 44-year-old Korean female presenting with abdominal pain and rectal bleeding for 3 months before her hospital visit. A colonoscopic examination revealed an ulcerated rectal mass 8 cm proximal to the anal verge. Chemoradiotherapy was administered following Hartmann's procedure in case 1. The patient remained alive during 19 months of follow up. Case 2 was a 43-year-old Korean female who had severe constipation for 2 months. A barium enema and computed tomography of the pelvis showed a rectal mass adherent to the sacrum. Based on the results of a colonoscopic biopsy, a diverting colostomy was performed in case 2, with no further treatment. The pathologic findings showed that both tumors were composed of oval-shaped cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and intercellular bridges with keratin pearls, and thus were diagnosed as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Neither of the cases showed evidence of HPV infection. The pathogenesis of rectal squamous cell carcinoma has not been clarified. Herein we report two cases of rectal squamous cell carcinoma and briefly discuss the possible histogenesis.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Barium ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Colostomy ; Constipation ; Cytoplasm ; Enema ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Keratins ; Pelvis ; Rectum ; Sacrum ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) has been the alternative treatment in patients who have failed endoscopic removal. Until now, biliary drainage has been performed as a customary practice after LCBDE in order to prevent complication or to prevent remnant stones from draining out; however, the drainage was often caused by other complications. For this reason, we have been performing LCBDE with primary closure. The aim of this study was to report on the efficacy and safety of primary closure. METHODS: Of 207 cases of common bile duct stones with performance of LCBDE from March 2001 to January 2013, 199 cases were included. Eight cases were excluded due to the open conversion. The 199 patients were subdivided into the primary closure group (P-group) and the drainage group (D-group). RESULTS: Of 199 patients, there were 36 (18.1%) with primary closure, and 163 (81.9%) with drainage. No significant difference in characteristics was observed between the two groups, except for smaller stones in the P-group (11.4+/-6.0 mm, 16.2+/-8.0 mm, p<0.01). Mean number of postoperative hospital days was significantly shorter in the P-group (6.0+/-3.1 days, 7.6+/-3.8 days, p=0.019). The rate of postoperative complications was higher in the D-group, but showed no statistical significance. There were six cases of bile leakage in the D-group, and two cases in the P-group, but without statistical significance (p=0.638). The recurrence rate was significantly lower in the P-group (5.6%, 22.1%, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: In the P-group, the number of mean postoperative hospital days was lower, and a lower rate of recurrence was observed. Compared with other types of drainage after LCBDE, the primary closure would be a sufficient method. Therefore, it can be regarded as safe enough and feasible.
Bile ; Common Bile Duct ; Drainage ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence

A case of successful correction of subclavian steal syndrome by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting in a male patient who found incidentally significant interarm blood pressure difference. Small difference in blood pressure (BP) between two arms is a relatively common. Significant interarm BP difference is a potential marker of peripheral vascular disease such as subclavian artery stenosis and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. The subclavian steal syndrome is a condition that results from stenosis of subclavian artery proximal to the vertebral artery. The resulting symptoms are vertebrobasilar insufficiency symptoms due to reversal of blood flow from the contralateral vertebral and basilar artery into the ipsilateral upper extremity vessels and arm ischemic symptoms. Stenotic lesion of subclavian artery has traditionally been treated surgically. However recent trends are undergoing a paradigm shift from open surgery to endovascular approach. We report a patient with subclavian steal syndrome who found incidentally 35 mmHg interarm systolic BP difference. It was successfully treated by percutaneus transradial angioplasty with stenting on stenotic lesion of the subclavian artery.
Angioplasty ; Arm ; Basilar Artery ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Stents ; Subclavian Artery ; Subclavian Steal Syndrome ; Upper Extremity ; Vertebral Artery ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

Broncholith is a calcified lymph node which partially or completely erodes into the bronchial lumen and broncholithiasis is a relatively rare condition which related to late tissue response to healing granulomatous pulmonary infections, most commonly histoplasmosis or tuberculosis. The prominent symptoms of broncholithiasis are coughing followed by hemoptysis and symptoms related to bronchial obstruction. The complications include bronchoesophageal fistula and aortotracheal fistula. We report one case of broncholithiasis caused by Aspergillus. The case was a 53 year-old house wife whose chief complaints were recurrent fever, chill and malaise. The chest film revealed an ovoid hazziness on the right middle lobe and chest CT scan showed consolidation of lateral segment of right middle lobe with calcified small low attenuated lesion in right middle lobe bronchus. Aspergillosis confirmed by pathology after bronchoscopic removal of impacted Aspergillus containing muddy plug from lateral segmental branch of right middle lobe bronchus.
Aspergillosis ; Aspergillus* ; Bronchi ; Cough ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Fever ; Fistula ; Hemoptysis ; Histoplasmosis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Pathology ; Spouses ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis

Although cases of simultaneous esophagus and stomach cancer have been reported sporadically, there are rare reports of successful treatment using chemotherapy. We report a case of synchronous esophageal and gastric cancer successfully treated using docetaxel and cis-diammineedichloro-platinum (CDDP) combination chemotherapy instead of surgery. A 82-years-old man with anorexia and progressive weight loss was diagnosed with synchronous esophageal and gastric cancer by endoscopy. Both cancers were diagnosed as resectable by the preoperative clinical staging. However, surgery was contraindicated because of severe lung dysfunction. Moreover, he actively refused radiotherapy and endoscopic management. Therefore, the patient was given combined chemotherapy with docetaxel (65 mg/m2) and CDDP (60 mg/m2). The esophageal and gastric lesion completely disappeared on endoscopy, and there were no residual tumor cells on endoscopic biopsy after three cycles of chemotherapy. Metastatic lymph nodes also completely disappeared on the CT scan. The patient received a total of ten cycles of chemotherapy, without severe adverse effects. The patient remained asymptomatic for 18 months after discontinuation of the chemotherapy, without evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Surgery or endoscopic treatment of both esophageal and gastric cancers is desirable, but, if medically inoperable, chemotherapy can be alternative treatment option.
Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cisplatin/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Esophageal Neoplasms/complications/*drug therapy/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications/*drug therapy/pathology ; Taxoids/therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: The future health of our increasing senior population depends upon the interrelationship between the onset time of the first major disease, infirmity or disability and the time of death. Reduction of morbidity requires compressing the average period between two points and reducing the average level of morbidity during this period. In this article, authors demonstrated the change of mortality curve and estimated the mortality curve upto 2010. And we intend to use this result as basic data in the future for preventive health service, health promotion, and health policy for senior people. METHODS: In this study, the authors demonstrated the survival curve from 1970 to 1995. And we intended to estimate death rate according to age and year upto 2010 and construct a new forecasting model. By using this model, we can calculate the data upto 2010 and suggest mortality curve. RESULTS: According to the results, the relative and absolute rectangularization and the convergency of survival curves were observed, and all the Keyfitz's H, NH, SD and CV decreased while the life expectancy in creased in the period of 1970 to 2010. So we conclude that the hypothesis of mortality compression suggested by Fries explains the changing pattern of aged population in Korea very well. CONCLUSION: According to Fries theory, this study shows compression of mortality is exist in Korea But when we observe the tail of mortality curve, there are no evidence that life expectancy reaches to limitation in Korea and we expect life expectancy of Korean will continuously increase.
Forecasting ; Health Policy ; Health Promotion ; Korea* ; Life Expectancy ; Mortality ; Preventive Health Services

Psoriasis vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid represent 2 clinically and histologically distinct, chronic inflammatory skin conditions. The concomitant occurrence of these 2 diseases is rare, and the pathogenic relationship between psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid remains unclear. The development of bullous pemphigoid in patients with psoriasis is considered to be related to treatments for psoriasis, especially ultraviolet therapy. However, some recent reports have suggested that an immunologic or biochemical association between these two diseases plays a role in the pathogenesis. Herein, we report 3 cases of bullous pemphigoid occurring in patients with psoriasis, and we discuss the possible pathogenic mechanisms of an association between psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid.
Humans ; Pemphigoid, Bullous* ; Psoriasis* ; Skin ; Ultraviolet Therapy