BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate improvement in hearing and changes in the tympanogram according to the types of mastoid pneumatization and the mucosal condition of the Eustachian tube orifice after performing tympanoplasty type 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the patients with chronic otitis media who had received tympanoplasty type 1 at Asan Medical Center from June 1990 to March 1997, sixty five patients were evaluated with pure tone audiometry and tympanometry for a short-term (<6 months) and long-term (>1 year) follow-up period. RESULTS: Greater improvement in hearing was shown in patients with tympanogram type A as compared to the patients with type B and C in both short-term and long-term follow-ups. Patients who showed normal mastoid pneumatization were found to have type A tympanogram more frequently than patients who showed abnormal mastoid pneumatization. However, the degree of postoperative hearing improvement did not depend on the types of mastoid pneumatization. Mucosal condition of the Eustachian tube orifice had some influence on the outcome of postoperative tympanogram and hearing. Greater improvement in the hearing levels were observed more frequently in the normal mucosa. CONCLUSION: Postoperative improvement in hearing was closely related to the postoperative change in the tympanogram. Postoperative hearing results and tympanograms were mainly influenced by the mucosal condition of the Eustachian tube orifice. Relatively greater improvement in hearing was observed in the long-term follow-up compared to the short-term follow-up. However, in order to reach any conclusion on this matter, a longer follow-up period and closer observation would be required.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Audiometry ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Eustachian Tube ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Mucous Membrane ; Otitis Media ; Tympanoplasty*

The infradiaphragmatic type of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return(TAPVR) is a rare congenital cardiacanomaly which usually results in death during the period of early infancy. A two month-old baby boy with cyanosisand respiratory distress was suspected of having a TAPVR clinically and the two-dimensional echocardiographicfindings were compatible with the infradiaphragmetic type of TAPVR. The subsequent cardiac catheterization andcineangiogram revealed the common pulmonary vein connected with portal vein and inferior vena cava in theinfradiaphragmetic area with obvious obstruction. The surgery and the autopsy confiremd the preopeative diagnosis.Among infants presenting pulmonary venous congestion in the newborn period. TAPVR below the diaphragm shold be oneof the important diagnostic cosiderations.
Autopsy ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Diaphragm ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Portal Vein ; Pulmonary Veins ; Scimitar Syndrome ; Vena Cava, Inferior

Baricitinib, janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, can significantly improve the patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the concerns about its hematological safety have raised. A 57-year-old man with severe AD started taking baricitinib due to ineffectiveness and side effects of conventional treatments. After 16 weeks, hemoglobin level decreased to 7.5 g/dL. He started taking folate and multivitamin supplements for anemia with baricitinib suspension, and hemoglobin level increased after 2 weeks. Baricitinib affects hemoglobin levels and other hematological parameters by inhibiting the action of erythrocyte production, which is promoted by JAK2 signaling.When treating AD patients with baricitinib, periodic blood test is required to confirm the occurrence of hematological abnormalities.

Baricitinib, janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, can significantly improve the patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the concerns about its hematological safety have raised. A 57-year-old man with severe AD started taking baricitinib due to ineffectiveness and side effects of conventional treatments. After 16 weeks, hemoglobin level decreased to 7.5 g/dL. He started taking folate and multivitamin supplements for anemia with baricitinib suspension, and hemoglobin level increased after 2 weeks. Baricitinib affects hemoglobin levels and other hematological parameters by inhibiting the action of erythrocyte production, which is promoted by JAK2 signaling.When treating AD patients with baricitinib, periodic blood test is required to confirm the occurrence of hematological abnormalities.

Baricitinib, janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, can significantly improve the patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the concerns about its hematological safety have raised. A 57-year-old man with severe AD started taking baricitinib due to ineffectiveness and side effects of conventional treatments. After 16 weeks, hemoglobin level decreased to 7.5 g/dL. He started taking folate and multivitamin supplements for anemia with baricitinib suspension, and hemoglobin level increased after 2 weeks. Baricitinib affects hemoglobin levels and other hematological parameters by inhibiting the action of erythrocyte production, which is promoted by JAK2 signaling.When treating AD patients with baricitinib, periodic blood test is required to confirm the occurrence of hematological abnormalities.

Baricitinib, janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, can significantly improve the patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the concerns about its hematological safety have raised. A 57-year-old man with severe AD started taking baricitinib due to ineffectiveness and side effects of conventional treatments. After 16 weeks, hemoglobin level decreased to 7.5 g/dL. He started taking folate and multivitamin supplements for anemia with baricitinib suspension, and hemoglobin level increased after 2 weeks. Baricitinib affects hemoglobin levels and other hematological parameters by inhibiting the action of erythrocyte production, which is promoted by JAK2 signaling.When treating AD patients with baricitinib, periodic blood test is required to confirm the occurrence of hematological abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE: There were reports about weight gain, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia associated with atypical antipsychotics. Moreover, these adverse effects of atypical agents, especially clozapine and olanzapine were reported to be able to precipitate cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, we investigated the incidence rate of hypertension in schizophrenic patients treated with clozapine or olanzapine by retrospective chart review. METHOD: We reviewed charts of patients with schizophrenia who admitted at St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, and Naju National Hospital and selected records of patients treated with clozapine and olanzapine during at least 6 weeks. Patients treated with mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics other than clozapine and olanzapine were excluded. Finally, the records of 52 clozapine-treated patients and 76 olanzapine-treated patients were analyzed. Changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between before treatment and discharge time were analyzed by paired t-test. The incidence rates of hypertension before and after treatment were compared by McNemar test, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to compare incidence rates between clozapine and olanzapine treated group. Group difference of changes were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The incidence rate of hypertension in clozapine treated group was increased after treatment. There was significant differences in the change of hypertension incidence rate in patients receiving clozapine versus olanzapine. However, there was no significant change in both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in clozapine-treated patients. In olanzapine-treated patients, there was significant change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that antipsychotics medication induced decrease in systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure was decreased in olanzapine-treated patients. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that long-term clozapine treatment is associated with increased rates of hypertension, which may have a significant impact on medical morbidity and mortality.
Antidepressive Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Clozapine* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension* ; Incidence* ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Schizophrenia ; Weight Gain

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that the transient administration of oxygen improves cognitive performance. However, the effect of long-term oxygen administration remains unknown. This study investigated the impact of long-term oxygen administration on cognitive enhancement. METHODS: Six week old Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 46) were randomly allocated to one of three groups: the control (Control; n = 15), 30 min/day oxygen administration (Oxy30min; n = 16) and 60 min/day oxygen administration groups (Oxy60min; n = 15). The rats in all three groups were administered air or oxygen for 10 weeks. The Morris water maze test was employed to assess the latency (L & Lt), dwelling time (DT) and the total fraction above the mean dwelling time (FmDT) for cognitive performance. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the Oxy30min and Oxy60min groups showed no differences in their L and Lt. There was a dose-response trend due to oxygen administration. Compared to the control group, the Oxy60min group had a significantly improved DT (P< 0.05). The FmDT also significantly increased in both of the oxygen administration groups, which also showed a dose-response trend (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that long-term (10 weeks) oxygen administration can dose-dependently enhance cognitive performance.
Animals ; Oxygen* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Lesions with controlled monopolar coagulation were generated in the cerebral cortex of 20 healthy rabbits. With 28 watts monopolar coagulation, average diameter of histologically changed area around lesion was aout 7.5mm with using Evans blue dye technique. At same time, EEGs in three points, which were 5mm, 10mm & 15mm distant from the coagulated lesion site, were cheched before and just after coagulation. In results, the frequency of EEG was slightly decreased after coagulation, but there were no relation with distance from lesion. But the amplitudes of EEG were decreased as 51.2 micro v(61.2%), 42.9 micro v(3.9) and 34.0 micro v(25.3%) after coagulation, which depended on the distance from site of coagulation. That means electrophysiologically changed area after coaguation was far beyond the histologically changed area.
Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Electroencephalography ; Evans Blue ; Rabbits

Lesions with controlled monopolar coagulation were generated in the cerebral cortex of 20 healthy rabbits. With 28 watts monopolar coagulation, average diameter of histologically changed area around lesion was aout 7.5mm with using Evans blue dye technique. At same time, EEGs in three points, which were 5mm, 10mm & 15mm distant from the coagulated lesion site, were cheched before and just after coagulation. In results, the frequency of EEG was slightly decreased after coagulation, but there were no relation with distance from lesion. But the amplitudes of EEG were decreased as 51.2 micro v(61.2%), 42.9 micro v(3.9) and 34.0 micro v(25.3%) after coagulation, which depended on the distance from site of coagulation. That means electrophysiologically changed area after coaguation was far beyond the histologically changed area.
Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Electroencephalography ; Evans Blue ; Rabbits