No abstract available.
Nipples*

A total of 162 patients with invasive cervical cancer was investigated retrospectively with a view to elucidate the efficacy of pretreatment staging procedures of application with intravenous pyelography, cystoscopy, rectosigmoidoscopy. All 72 intravenous pyelograms, 155 sigmoidoscopies, 158 cystoscopies were normal. Of 111 patients with stage Ib who had paraaortic lymph node biopsies, two patients had a positive node(0.02%). Of 51 patients with stage II who had paraaortic lymph node biopsies, five patients had positive paraaortic lymph node(10%). And the accuracy of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of invasive cervical cancer was assessed. In evaluating stage of cervical cancer, clinical staging had an accuracy of 78.9%, compared with 65.7% for CT and 58.9% for MRI. And for detection of parametrial invasion, clincal staging had an accuracy of 85.9%, compared with 85.1% for CT and 78.9% for MRI. Both modalities were comparable in evaluating lymph node metastasis ( 76.1% for CT, 74.4% for MRI ). IVP, cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy for staging procedure evaluated in this study are unnecessary and should no longer be performed in patients with early stage cervical cancer. In addition, paraaortic lymph node biopsies in the absence of clinically suspicious nodes are not warranted. Compared with CT and MRI, pelvic examination offered improved evaluation of cervical cancer staging, parametrial invasion, but CT and MRI was useful in detecting the pelvic lymph node metastasis which was nearly impossible by clinical evaluation.
Biopsy ; Cystoscopy ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Urography ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Nevus depigmentosus was first reported in 1884 by Lesser. It is defined as a congenital non-progressive hypopigmented macule or patch that is stable in its relative size and distribution throughout the life of the individual. The etiopathogenesis and histopathological characteristics of nevus depigmentosus are not fully established. OBJECT: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics and pathogenesis of nevus depigmentosus. METHODS: Clinieal survey was carried out on forty-nine patients with nevus depigmentosus and two skin biopsies were taken from eighteen patients; from the central part of the depigmented lesion and the border of the lesion including the perilesional normal skin. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Fontana-Masson and S-100 protein. The ultrastructural evaluation were also done to detect alternation of melanocytes. RESULTS: The results are as follows ; 1. The lesions were mostly (91.8%) present before the age of three, but some lesions appeared in childhood (8.2%). 2. The lesions were most frequently found on the trunk (42.9%), followed by the face and scalp (20.4%). 3. There were 33 patients (67.3%) with the isolated type, 15 patients (30.6%) with the dermatomal type and one patient with the whorled type. 4. Histopathological studies have shown that the stainability of Fontana-Masson in the lesions of nevus depigmentosus was decreased compared with perilesional nomal skin, but there were no changes in the number of melanocytes. 5. There was a great reduction in the number of melanosomes in melanocytes and keratinocytes of nevus depigmentosus. In keratinocytes, there was some aggregations of melanosomes and some of them showed membrane bound architecture. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the fact that nevus depigmentosus is caused by functional defects of melanocytes and morphological abnonnalities of melanosomes.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Melanocytes ; Melanosomes ; Membranes ; Nevus* ; S100 Proteins ; Scalp ; Skin

The incidence and risk factors for hypercalciuria were studied in 23 sick preterm (Group I), 36 well preterm (Group II), 16 sick term(Group III)and 41 well term(Group IV) neonates who were admitted to NICU and nursery of Ewha Woman's University Hospital from May 1988 to February 1992. The results were as follws: 1) The incidences of hypercalciuria were 73.9% in sick preterm (Group I) and 56.3% in sick term (Group III) which were significantly higher than 13.9% of control preterm (Group II) and 7.3% of control term (Group IV). Maximal urinary Ca/Cr ration were 0.63+/-0.503 in group I and 0.50+/-0.513 in group III, significantly higher than 0.19+/-0.142 of control term and 0.17+/-0.131 of control term. 2) In sick neonates with hypercalcuria, birth wight and gestational age were significantly lower and the frequencies of frosemide and intravenous calcium therpy were significantly higher than those of sick neonates without hypercalciuria. 3) In sick neonates, furosemide increased the incidence of hypercalciuria to 90.9%, significantly higher than 57.1% in neonates without furosemide. Maximal urine Ca/Cr ratio 24 hour urine calcium were also significantly higher in neonates with furosemide than those of neonates without furosemide. 4) In sick neonates, intravenous calcium gluconate increased the incidence of hypercalciuria to 86.6%, significantly higher than 54.2% in neonates without intravenous calcium. Maximal urine Ca/Cr ratio and 24 hour urine calcium were also significantly higher in neonates treated with IV calcium than those of neonates without IV calcium. 5) Calcium intake and maximal random urine Ca/Cr ratio were positively correlated (r=0.46, p=o.037). In conclusion, the majority of sick newborns in our intensive care unit were hypercalciuric. Sick condition, premature, furosemide and intravenous calcium gluconate were the risk factors that could lead to hypercalciuria. Use of these agents in sick neonates especially preterm neonates requires careful monitoring of urine calcium excretion.
Calcium ; Calcium Gluconate ; Furosemide ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria* ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care Units ; Nurseries ; Parturition ; Risk Factors

The nucleolus of human cell is a morphologically well recognizable nuclear organelle and the argyrophilic NORs (AgNORs) are nucleic acid-argyrophilic nonhistone protein complex in the nucleoli and the silver staining allows their identification and enumeration at the light microscopic level. The AgNOR counts are in parallel with mitotic activity and vary in different phase of cell cycle. It has been reported that human cells have one AgNOR during interphase and S-phase. However, the correlation between the number of AgNORs and S-phase markers is still controversial and they have never been studied simultaneously. In this study, AgNOR and PCNA were stained simultaneously to find out the relationship of AgNOR counts with cell cycle (S-phase) in human palatine tonsil, gastric carcinoma, liver and brain tissues. S-phase cells (PCNA-positive) were found predominantly in lymphoid follicles in palatine tonsil but gastric carcinoma showed diffuse immunoreactivity for PCNA. The AgNOR counts varied according to the type and locus of tissue. More than one AgNOR were identified in S-phase cells and some of hepatocytes and neurons in the brain which were not in S-phase contained two or more AgNORs. The above results suggest that the number of AgNOR is a characteristic feature of each type of cells and can be more than one even in S-phase.
Brain ; Cell Cycle ; Hepatocytes ; Humans* ; Interphase ; Liver ; Neurons ; Organelles ; Palatine Tonsil ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Silver Staining

No abstract available.
Amenorrhea* ; Cytogenetics* ; Female

No abstract available.
Amenorrhea* ; Cytogenetics* ; Female

BACKGROUND: This study investigated and evaluated the clinical outcomes of intra-articular lesions of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation (TASD) associated with greater tuberosity (GT) fracture of the humerus. METHODS: Subjects included 20 patients who were surgically or non-surgically treated for GT fracture of the humeurs with TASD, and followed-up for at least 2 years. The mean follow-up period was 54.1 months (range, 24–105 months). Of the 20 patients, 12 were treated surgically. Intra-articular lesions were identified randomly on magnetic resonance imaging scans (repeated thrice) by experienced radiologists and orthopedic surgeons. The accompanying intra-articular lesions were left untreated. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index (WOSI) at the last follow-up. RESULTS: Intra-articular lesions were identified in 19 patients: 7 Bankart lesions, 15 humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament lesions, 3 glenoid avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament lesion, and 6 inferior capsular tears. Two or more intra-articular lesions were identified in 6 patients. The mean SST score was 10.9 and the mean WOSI score was 449.3 at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: For GT fracture of the humerus with TASD, a high frequency of diverse intra-articular lesions was identified. There were no incidence of recurrent shoulder dislocations, and good clinical outcomes were obtained without treatment of the intra-articular lesions. We thereby comprehend that although intra-articular lesions may occur in TASD associated with GT fracture of the humeurs, merely treating the GT fracture of the humerus is sufficient.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Incidence ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ontario ; Orthopedics ; Shoulder Dislocation* ; Shoulder* ; Surgeons ; Tears

No abstract available.
Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

The antiarrhythmic effect of oral Mexiletine was evaluated by Holter monitoring on 10 subjects with chronic high-frequency ventricular premature complexes and ventricular tachycardia referred to our cardiology clinic of Severance Hospital from June, 1982 through September, 1983. The frequency of the ventricular premature complexes and the ventricular tachycardia was measured by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography on each patient before and during the administration of Mexiletine(450-600 mg/day). The results were as follows : 1) In 10 patients with ventricular tachycardia total suppression of ventricular tachycardial was demonstrated in 8 patients during the administration of oral Mexilletine. 2) The number of the ventricular premature complexes was reduced markedly in 6 out of the 10 patients. 3) Side effects occurred in 5 out of 10 patients. These include tremor, weakness, dry mouth, indigestion, anorexia, chest discomfort, and dizziness but were tolerated except in one.
Anorexia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Cardiology ; Dizziness ; Dyspepsia ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory* ; Humans ; Mexiletine* ; Mouth ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Thorax ; Tremor ; Ventricular Premature Complexes