No abstract available.
Cheek* ; Microcirculation* ; Skin* ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT findings of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children and to assess the correlation between these findings, clinical parameters and renal scar development, as seen on follow-up CT scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast-enhanced CT scans of thirty children in whom APN had been diagnosed were assigned to one of three groups according to whether an abscess had formed, and then to subgroups on the basis of the number of lesions in the renal parenchyme. Initial CT findings were retrospectively correlated with five clinical parameters (maximal body temperature, fever duration, leukocytosis, pyuria and admission period) and renal scar development, as seen on follow-up CT (n=12). RESULTS: CT scans demonstrated linear, wedge-shaped, low-density renal parenchymal lesions in 35 kidneys of 25 patients and abscesses in seven kidneys of seven patients, but no abnormal lesions in five patients. In the three groups there was correlation between these findings and some clinical parameters (maximal body temperature, fever duration and admission period), but no subgroup showed significant correlation with any clini-cal parameter. Renal cortical scars detected by follow-up CT were more prevalent in patients in whom initial CT demonstrated the presence of an abscess. CONCLUSION: Clinical parameters correlated with the presence of renal parenchymal hypoenhancing lesions and abscess formation, as seen on CT scans, rather than the number of renal parenchymal lesions. Renal cortical scars were more prevalent in patients in whom initial CT revealed the presence of an abscess. Enhanced CT is thought to be useful both for diagnosing APN and for predicting its clinical course in children.
Abscess ; Body Temperature ; Child ; Cicatrix ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Leukocytosis ; Pyelonephritis* ; Pyuria ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To obtain the mean value of physical parameters of those over 65- years of age. METHODS: Physical parameters including body weight, height, chest circumference, length of upper limb and lower limb, hand power, and range of motion of cervical, thoracic, lumbosacral spines and other major joints were measured in two hundred fourteen elderly subjects. RESULTS: Subjects were divided into three groups according to age (group 1, 65~74 years; group 2, 75~84 years; group 3, above 85 years) and sex (male; female). Descriptive statistical analysis of data provided the following results. 1) Mean measurement in order of group 1-men, group 2-men, group 3-men followed by women of each group: Body weight (kg) - 60.2, 59.6, 54.9, 56.8, 51.6, 47.2; Standing height (cm) - 156.7, 160.8, 156.6, 151.2, 146.9, 142.2; Sitting height (cm) - 99.8, 100.8, 103.1, 100.9, 104.9, 97.0; Chest circumference (cm) - 91.5, 93.5, 91.4, 92.1, 89.5, 86.4; Upper limb length (cm) - 72.3, 72.5, 71.3, 67.1, 66.9, 65.4; Lower limb length (cm) - 82.3, 82.1, 81.4, 77.3, 76.1, 74.6. 2) The hand power of grasping, tip pinch, lateral pinch, palmar pinch showed a decreasing trend in older age group in both sexes. 3) The range of motion of cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spine in group 1 had limitation of about 50% compared to normal range. 4) Of the major joints, limitation of motion or deformity was most common in the shoulder and knee joints. CONCLUSION: These data and knowledge of physical parameters of the elderly can aid in design of living environment and assistive devices for elderly.
Aged* ; Body Weight ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Lower Extremity ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reference Values ; Self-Help Devices ; Shoulder ; Spine ; Thorax ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Gastrectomy* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of the S-phase fraction (SPF) and the correlation with other clinicopathologic factors in node negative breast cancer. METHODS: From 1995 to 1998, seventy one breast carcinoma tumors with T1-2N0M0 staging were prospectively sampled as fresh tumors for flow cytometric DNA analysis. We determined the nuclear DNA content, and the SPF was calculated from DNA histograms. We evaluated the relationship between the SPF and other clinicopathologic factors (age, tumor size, tumor grade and, steroid receptor status). The five year distant relapse free survival (DRFS) and overall survival (OS), according to the SPF, were determined. RESULTS: The SPF ranged from 0.1 to 50.9% (median: 13.4%). The SPF was dichotomized using the median value to divide patients into 38 patients (53.5%) having tumors with the low SPF and 33 patients (46.5%) having tumors with the high SPF. The patient's age and the tumor size were not significantly associated with the SPF. High SPF was associated with high tumor grade, but this did not reach statistical significance. There was a significant correlation between high SPF and estrogen receptor negativity; 34.4% of ER positive tumor had high SPF, whereas 58.3% of ER negative tumor had high SPF(p = 0.042). The mean follow up duration was 65.0 months (median: 62.3). Among 71 patients, there were 4 (5.6%) cases of local recurrence, 7 (9.9%) cases of systemic recurrence and 10 (14.1%) cases of disease related death. The patients with high SPF showed a poorer 5 years DRFS and OS than did the patients with low SPF (87.9% vs. 91.2%; 80.4% vs. 94.5%, respectively), but the difference had no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The present data was insufficient to use SPF information for the selection of the type of adjuvant therapy, but SPF is a promising prognostic factor for node negative breast cancer. Further study with a sufficient number of patients is needed and this should lead to a better understanding of SPF in node negative breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; DNA ; Estrogens ; Flow Cytometry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, Steroid ; Recurrence

Uni- or bilateral mandibular hypoplasia can be associated with various syndromes or is acquired after early traumatic or inflammatory disease in the temporomandibular joint(TMJ). Early treatment is necessary to avoid consequent impairment of midfacial growth. The standard treatment of these malformations consists of the application of bone grafts which can lead to unpredictable growth, but the new procedure of bone lengthening which was presented by McCarthy et al. represents a limited surgical intervention and therefore open up a new perspective of treatment, especially in younger children with severe deformities. Patients with hemifacial microsomia and facial asymmetry have a vertically short maxilla, a tilted occlusal plane, and a short mandible. A 14-years-old boy with facial asymmetry, who was fractured on both condyle and mandibular symphysis before 8 years ago, was treated by mandibular ramus lengthening, symphysial widening and surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion with corticotomy. After allowing 1 week for the healing of the periosteum, the distraction was performed at the rate of 0.5-1.0mm per day for 7 days on maxilla and 14 days on mandible. The device was maintained on maxilla and mandible for 12 weeks following distraction. The difference in ramus and mandibular transverse deficiency were corrected and facial asymmetry was improved with complex distraction osteogenesis.
Bone Lengthening ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dental Occlusion ; Facial Asymmetry ; Goldenhar Syndrome ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Periosteum ; Transplants

Biological Processes ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Humans ; Latency Period (Psychology) ; Mandible ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Osteotomy ; Rabbits ; Skeleton ; Tissue Adhesives

PURPOSE: The definition of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) includes stage III breast cancer. In order to investigate the factors influencing on the final outcome we analysed the data of LABC patients that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to definitive surgery. METHODS: 122 LABC patients, who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 1980 and 1997, were included for the analysis. Clinical responses to neoadjuvant chemother apy were classified as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and no response (NR). Overall survival (OS), Loco-regional relapse free survival (LRRFS), and distant relapse free survival (DRRFS) probabilities were investigated according to initial clinical stage, clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and pathologic stage after neo adjuvant chemotherapy. Statistical analyses were performed with chi2-test, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox-regression methods using SPSS. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 47 years old (range 31~73) and median follow-up period was 61.6 months (range 3~227 months). Among 122 LABC patients, 69 (56.6%) were included in stage IIIA, 37 (30.3%) in stage IIIB, and 16 (13.1%) in IIIC at diagnosis. 10 patients (8.2%) have shown CR, 85 (69.7%) patients PR, and the remaining 27 (22.1%) patients showed NR. The overall response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 77.5%. However, only 51 (41.8%) were demonstrated to have pathologically down-staged results. There were 32 loco-regional recurrences and 59 distant metastases. All of the initial clinical stage, clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and pathologic stage influenced the final outcome of 10 year OS, LRRFS, DRFS. However, in multivariate analysis pathologic stage after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was the most influencing factor on the final outcome. CONCLUSION: Pathologic stage after neoadjuvant chemotherapy could be the most important prognostic factor of the LABC.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence