A fistulous comunication between kidney and colon after trauma is rare and usually causes severe damage to kidney necessitating nephrectomy. Intrarenal aneruysm after trauma is also rare and its accurate diagnosis is important. Authors have experienced a reno-colic fistula and intrarenal aneruysm occured in a same patient afterpenetrating renal injury.
Aneurysm ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Fistula ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of depression, stress, and self-efficacy on the addiction to cell phone use among university students. METHODS: Data were collected through questionnaires from 563 students and analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 16.0. RESULTS: The proportion of depressed subjects was 52.6%. The addictive group scored higher than the non-addictive group in depression rate and stress, but scored lower in self-efficacy. Out of the subjects, 32.9% were found to be addictive users, 31.3% at potential risk, and 1.6% at high risk. Significant variables influencing addictive users were stress, self-efficacy, and the user's general characteristics including monthly spending money, sex, the hours of daily use, and the main method of use. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that such variables should be carefully considered in interventions for university students addicted to cell phone use.
Cellular Phone ; Depression ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the two-dimensional with three-dimensional radiographic measurements of polyethylene liner wear in the Harris-Galante II acetabular cup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the polyethylene liner wear amount and the wear rate of 64 hips with Harris-Galante II acetabular cup by two methods: Livermore's method and modified Devane's method. We evaluated the relationships between the two methods. RESULTS: The average total amount of wear and the average wear rate are 0.86+/-1.01 mm and 0.18+/-0.20 mm/year using the two-dimensional method and 0.99+/-1.01 mm and 0.21+/-0.2 mm/year using three-dimensional method respectively. The amount of wear and the wear rate by the three-dimensional method was larger than those by the two dimensional method. CONCLUSION: The amount of polyethylene liner wear can be measured by the two-dimensional method because it is highly correlated with the amount that is measured by the three-dimensional method, since there was no differences between the two methods.
Acetabulum* ; Hip ; Polyethylene*

PURPOSE: To compare the results of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by open and arthroscopic method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1995 to 1997, 18 reconstructions of posterior cruciate ligament were performed. Group 1 (open method) was composed of 9 cases and group 2 (arthroscopic method) was consisted of 9 cases. After 21-month follow-up, The two groups were compared by clinical and radiologic methods. RESULTS: Clinically, Lysholm knee score was 80 points in group 1 and 83 points in group 2 after operation. Post operative results by Hughston's criteria were good in 5, fair in 2 and poor in 2 cases (group 1) and good in 6, fair in 2 and poor in 1 cases (group 2). Radiologically, post operative average of posterior drawer stress view was 5.2 mm (group 1) and 5.0 mm (group 2). Almost double the operation time was taken to reconstruct posterior cruciate ligament by arthroscopic method than open method. There were technical errors in 2 cases performed by arthroscopic method. CONCLUSIONS: The results of both methods had no significant difference. We think that the reconstruction of PCL using patellar tendon by open method is a recommendable treatment method together with arthroscopic method, if the merits or demerits of both methods are considered carefully. But more long-term follow-up is necessary to compare the results of PCL reconstruction by open and arthroscopic methods.
Follow-Up Studies ; Knee ; Patellar Ligament ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Obstructive adenitis of the salivary gland following salivary stone or infectious disease of the gland and surrounding tissues is a common disease. It is often difficult to decide whether to perform total excision of the gland or to consider conservative treatment. The present study was designed to investigate histological, histochemical changes of submandibular gland after ligating the excretory duct for identifying the results of gland duct obstruction. A group of 40 rat of Sprague-Dawley weighing about 200~220gm were used in the present study. 30 rats had ligation of the main excretory ducts of submandibular glands just at the exit from the glands. For controls, 10 rats had a sham operation without duct ligation. They were inducted into euthanagia state by intracardial Ketamine injection in 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after the ligation. In each ligation period, 3 animals were used for ligation and one animal was for control. The submandibular glands were dissected out at sacrifice and stained with HandE, PAS, mucicarmine stain and histological examination were carried out under the light microscope. After examination and comparison of all specimens, the results were as follows: 1. In the features of H&E stain, acini disappeared by degrees after the ligation of the excretary duct and interstitial cells were displaced into fibrous connective tissue. Salivary gland had been atrophied with enlarging ducts and proliferating ductal cells. 2. Through total experimental period, a lot of vessels were observed and the atrophy of serous gland was severer than that of mucous gland. 3. The deep portion of submandibular glands showed severe degeneration rather than superficial portion of them after the ligation. 4. The changes which had enlarged ducts and proliferating ductal cells were observed in entire gland and more prominent in serous gland than mucous gland after the ligation. 5. Although PAS and mucicarmine reactions were decreased gradually after the ligation with the lapse of time, since 2 to 3 weeks they were strong positive reactions on entire gland, especially on duct-like structure. So, we can suggest that salivary gland will be atrophied but, survived acini will be redistributed around the ducts.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Communicable Diseases ; Connective Tissue ; Hand ; Ketamine ; Ligation* ; Lymphadenitis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salivary Glands* ; Submandibular Gland* ; Yemen

Atrial Septal Defect(ASD) is usually suspected clinically but requires a confirmative diagnostic procedure before surgical repair. Conventional transthoracic echocardiography has relatively high sensitivity and specificity for ASD, but difficulty in visualizing the ASD occasionally. Transesophageal echocardiography has special advantages for investigating the posteriorly located cardiac structures, including the atrial septum, which is imaged perpendicularly at a relatively short distance. We describe a case in which ostium secundum ASD was not visualized by conventional transthoracic echocardiography, but was diagnosed confidently by transesophageal echocardiography. It is concluded that transesophageal echocardiography appears to be a promising diagnostic tools for the evaluation of ASD on the basis of its ability to provide excellent imaging of the entire atrial septum and related posterior cardiac structures.
Atrial Septum ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We previously reported that the more eosinophils infiltrate in the mucosa, the poorer the prognosis gets after an endoscopic sinus surgery for the chronic sinusitis patients. But, there have not been any reports until now about correlation between serum eosinophils and tissue eosinophil infiltrations. The aim of this study is to investigate the relevance of serum and tissue eosinophils, and significance of serum eosinophils in chronic sinusitis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective review of medical records was carried out on 158 patients who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery from January, 1995 through July, 2001 at our institution. We divided them into two groups: good and poor outcome groups, then reviewed serum eosinophil counts and tissue eosinophil infiltrations, and investigated their relationship. RESULTS: There were significant statistical differences of serum eosinophils between the two groups, and significant correlation between serum eosinophil counts and tissue eosinophil infiltrations. CONCLUSION: We assume that the serum eosinophil counts is a one of the prognostic factors after endoscopic sinus surgery.
Endoscopy ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mucous Membrane ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis*

Normally, the fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) beats on the opposite direction to the movement of an optokinetic stimulus. The fast component of OKN beating in the same direction are called "reversed OKN". Eventhough the mechanism of reversed OKN is still disputed, it is well known that reversed OKN occurs exclusively in patients with congenital nystagmus, or in some cases, with acquired neurologic disease. It is easy to diagnose the congenital nystagmus when the spontaneous nystagmus can be seen at birth. But when the congenital nystagmus can be seen only on eccentric gaze or when the patient has a wide neutral region around the primary position, the abnormal eye movement can not be detected until a medical examination is performed. It is thought that causes of reversed OKN may be the abnormal neural decussation of the visual system or spontaneous nystagmus. Recently, we experienced two cases of bidirectional reversed OKN as a congenital nystagmus. One patient had bilateral reversed optokinetic nystagmus and gaze evoked nystagmus, whereas the other patient had periodic alternative nystagmus and bilateral reversed OKN. Bilateral reversed OKN may be one of the pathognomic signs of congenital nystagmus.
Eye Movements ; Humans ; Nystagmus, Congenital ; Nystagmus, Optokinetic* ; Parturition

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The etiology and pathophysiology of acute vestibular neuritis are largely unknown and its diagnostic criteria and clinical course also have not been established definitely. This study was performed to provide a basis for creating the classification system and diagnostic criteria of vestibular neuritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We studied sixty-seven patients who showed no subjective auditory symptoms, and who showed spontaneous nystagmus for more than 24 hours under ENG (Electronystagmography) after the onset of vertigo. We evaluated the frequency of nystagmus and the site of lesion, and looked for the presence of any combined infectious diseases. Eye tracking test with ENG and auditory test were performed. Bithermal caloric test was performed after disappearance of sponteneous nystagmus and canal paresis was calculated. RESULTS: We found 52 cases (78%) of unilateral single attack, 10 cases (15%) of unilateral recurrent attack, 4 cases (6%) of opposite recurrent attack and one case (1%) of bilateral simultaneous attack. For the presence of combined infectious diseases, we found 24 casees (36%) with URI, one case (2%) with mumps and three cases (5%) with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. Ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss at 8000 Hz was found in 10 cases (24%). Neurologic abnormality was found in 14 cases (21%), but not found in 53 cases (79%). The canal paresis on bithermal caloric response was more than 50% for 30 cases (68%), 26%-50% for 4 cases (9%), and in the normal range for 10 cases (23%). CONCLUSION: There are some cases of the acute vestibular neuritis that showed atypical clinical features (recurrent attack, bilateral attack), which is inconsistent with the Coates criteria. Appropriate classification system and diagnostic criteria for acute vestibular neuritis, including recurrent attack and bilateral attack, are required.
Caloric Tests ; Classification ; Communicable Diseases ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Mumps ; Paresis ; Reference Values ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Neuronitis*

We report a case in whom there was right ventricular outflow tract obstruction by extended metastasis from esophageal cancer. A 65-year-old man was admitted to hospital for evaluation of recent onset of weight loss of recent onset and a heart murmur. Physical examination revealed a regular heart rate of 62 beats per minute and a blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg. On cardiac auscultation, a grade 4/6 systolic murmur was heard over the area of pulmonic valve. Electrocardiography showed low voltage. Chest radiography showed a normal cardiac configuration and no pulmonary abnormality was seen. Esophagogram and endoscopy showed a 10cm sized ulcerative and infiltrative esophageal cancer. This esophageal cancer was histologically proven to be a squamous cell carcinoma. To assess the cardiac metastasis, echocardiography, MRI, coronary angiography, and endomyocardial biopsy were performed. The MRI, echocardiography and right ventriculography revealed a 7 cm sized lobulated mass extending to the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricle, septum, and anterior wall of the left ventricle. Interestingly, the feeding vessels of the tumor were identified by echocardiography and coronary angiography. Histologically, the cardiac tumor was proven to be have the same pathologic findings as the an esophageal cancer, compatible with carcinomatous metastasis.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Blood Pressure ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Coronary Angiography ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Heart Auscultation ; Heart Murmurs ; Heart Neoplasms ; Heart Rate ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Physical Examination ; Radiography ; Systolic Murmurs ; Thorax ; Ulcer ; Weight Loss