No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic* ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

To observe the role of oxygen free radical and enzymatic scavengers in cerebral ischemia, an infarction model was made using transorbital occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in cats. The changes of the superoxide radical production and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured. The results were as follows ; 1) The infarction of the left middle cerebral artery(MCA) territory was identified with intracardiac perfusion of a TTC solution after transorbital occlusion. 2) The superoxide radical activities after occlusion of the left MCA were not changed in all groups except for the decrease in 6 hours group of the right side compared to the control group(p<0.05). 3) The Mn-superoxide dismutase activities of the left side in the 12 hours group were significantly higher than those of the right side(p<0.01) and those in the control group(p<0.05). 4) The Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activities of the left side in the 3 hours group after occlusion of the left MCA were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05). 5) The catalase activities of the left side in the 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours groups after occlusion of the left MCA were significantly higher than those of the right side(p<0.05). 6) The catalase activities of the left side in the 12 hours group after occlusion of the left MCA were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05). The authors suggest that the enzymatic scavangers such as Mn-SOD, Cu, Zn-SOD and catalase increased in the infarcted brain, which means an involvement of free radicals in cerebral infarction.
Animals ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Catalase* ; Cats ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Free Radicals ; Infarction ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides*

The early radiological investigations of urinary tract infection are justified nowadays in order to identify those whose kidneys are already damaged, those who may be at risk of progressive damage, and those in whom a treatment program is indicated. 42 children who performed 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid scan in the diagnostic step of recurrent urinary tract infection for recent 3 years at Severance Hospital were evaluated to access the validity of 99 m Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid scan in detection of pyelonephritic scarring. The results were as follows: 1. Renal cortical defects were detected in 34 kidneys among 84 kidneys(40.5%) by DMSA scan, intravenous pyelography and ultrasonography 2. DMSA scan was significantly more valuable in detecing renal defect than intravenous pyelography (P<0.05). 3. The presence of reflux on voiding cystourethrography showed a significant correlation with renal cortical defects seen on DMSA scan (P<0.05). 4. The sensitivity of the DMSA scan in screening for all grades of reflux was estimated 0.9 and DMSA scan never missed renal defects in high grade (III-V/V) reflux. So we conclude that 99 m Tc-DMSA scan is more useful than other upper urinary tract imaging technique in detecting renal defects and consideration should be given to their use as first line of study for screening of renal defect in urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux.
Child ; Cicatrix* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Mass Screening ; Succimer ; Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Radilogy plays an important role in evaluating patients with suspected adrenal gland pathology. Morphologicdelineation of adrenal gland is especially valuable in patients with clinical and/or biochemical evidence of adisturbance in adrenal function. Many diagnostic radiologic methods are avilable for demonstrating adrenallesions. CT overcomes many of the disadvantages of these other radiologic techniques. The high degree of spatialand density resolution allows precise demonstration of the normal adrenal glands as well as detection of bothsmall and large tumors in almost all patients. So CT of adrenal gland is an excellet nonivasive screening methodand definitive imaging technique. The authers have investigated the capability of CT to image the nomral size,location and shape of both glands. Knowledge of the range of normal is useful for optimal interpretation of CTscans in patients with suspected aderenal pathology. We reviewed CT scan of 150 cases without evidence of adrenaldisease. The following results were obtained: 1. There were 90 male and 60 female patients. 2. Their ages rangedfrom 20 to 60 years. 3. On CT, both gland were shown in 135 (90.0%), the right in 143(95.3%), the left in142(94.6%). 4. In the shape of adrenal glands, most of right adrenal gland was linear or comet shaped; 68(47.6%),most of left adrenal gland was inverted-Y shaped: 103(72.6%). 5. In the length of adrenal glands, theright was2.5+-0.77cm, the left was 2.9+-0.75cm. 6. In the width of adrenal glands, the right was 3.2+-0.74cm, the left was2.7+-0.57cm. 7. In the thickness of adrenal glands, the right was 0.5+-0.14cm, the left was 0.6+-0.16cm.
Adrenal Glands ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Pathology ; Pheniramine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Injury to specific areas of the immature brain, in both the human and animals, can result in compensatory reorganization in undamaged adjacent or contralateral areas. The functional plasticity of such compensatory hypertrophy is not well known, but in some cases may be responsible for recovery of function. In order to investigate the effect of unilateral ischemic injury on the contralateral cerebral hemisphere in neonatal rats, early and late changes in various areas of both cerebral hemispheres were assessed. Seventy-seven seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral carotid artery ligation and were then exposed to hypoxia(8% oxygen) for 3 hours. The animals were killed one week(Group I, 58 rats) and three months(Group II, 19 rats) later. Twelve rats, comprising Group III, were exposed to hypoxia for 3 hours without carotid artery ligation. The control group, consisting of 19 rats, did not undergo any of the above procedures. In each slice of brain tissue(4mm posterior to the bregma), the area of the whole brain, each hemisphere, and the frontoparietal, temporal and hippocampal regions in each hemisphere were measured, using the image analysis program(Optimas 5.2), and to assess which regions were affected, proportions of each hemisphere occupied by each region were compared. In Group II, the proportional areas of the frontoparietal(p<0.05) and temporal(p<0.01) regions in the contralateral hemisphere increased significantly, compared with the control group, but the hippocampal region showed no significant change. In Group I, there was no contralateral hypertrophy. The ipsilateral hemisphere showed significant atrophy and there was weight reduction in Groups I(p<0.001) and II(p<0.001). This study suggests that unilateral hypoxia-ischemia results in ipsilateral hemispheric atrophy and contralateral hypertrophy, especially in the frontoparietal and temporal areas, may contribute to some functional recovery and compensation in addition to uncrossed corticospinal or other descending motor systems.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Atrophy ; Brain* ; Carotid Arteries ; Cerebrum* ; Compensation and Redress ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain* ; Ligation ; Plastics ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recovery of Function ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to study whether the Doppler ultrasound differentiate obstructive hydronephrosis from nonobstructive hydronephrosis in sonographically diagnosed hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 35 kidneys of 27 patients with hydronephrosis which were diagnosed with sonography. Resistive indices were calculated from Doppler waveforms at the level of interlobar or arcuate arteries. We divided the materials into two groups with obstructive and nonobstructive hydronephrosis according to the findings of intravenous pyelography, retrograde pyelography, and anterograde pyelography. These were compared with normal control group(20 kidneys in 10 persons). We also grouped patients regarding to the duration after onset of clinical symptom, and graded the hydronephrosis into three group according to sonographic findings. We analyzed the correlations of the above sonography and clinical findings with resistive index. Hydronephrosis was obstructive in 20 kidneys(in 17 patients) and nonobstructive in 15 kidneys(in 10 patients). RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference between the mean resistive indices in obstructive hydronephrosis(0.74 +/- 0.02) and that in nonobstructive hydronephrosis (0.60 +/- 0.02)(p<0.05). Also there was no difference between the mean resistive indeces in nonobstructive hydronephrosis and that in normal control group(0.59 +/- 0.07)(P > or = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of Doppler sonography can be helpful in detecting the presence or absence of true obstruction in patients with hydronephrosis.
Arteries ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney* ; Ultrasonography ; Urography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate of course of delivery & perinatal outcomes for postterm pregnancy compared with fullterm pregnancy. METHODS: This study included 360 cases of postterm pregnancy out of 16,992 cases delivered at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1997. 16,143 cases of full term deliveries of 38 to 42 gestational weeks conducted in same period were used as the control group. Postterm pregnancy was defined as a pregnancy that it exceeds 295 days calculated from first day of the last menstrual period. RESULTS: The incidence of postterm pregnancy was 2.13% with the highest incidence occurring in the 26 ~30 years age group. This study group was significantly different from the control group in the incidence of fetal distress (10.28% vs. 2.20%), large fetus (10.83% vs. 6.95%), perinatal death (1.67% vs. 0.27%). CONCLUSIONS: Adverse perinatal outcomes were increased markedly as the gestational weeks to be prolonged. Therefore, careful prenatal care, accurate determination of delivery date is very important.
Fetal Distress ; Fetus ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Obstetrics ; Pregnancy* ; Prenatal Care

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion, Autologous*

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion, Autologous*

Magnetic resonance images frequently demonstrate asymmetrical mucosal volume in the nasal area of asymptomatic patients. To further evaluate this phenomenon, sequential MR examinations of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were performed three to four times during a 3 to 8 hours period in ten normal volunteers. The study demonstrated that the mucosal volume changes alternated from side to side during this period in eight volunteers. Changes were also observed within the ethmoid sinuses, nasal septum and nasolacrimal ducts. Awareness of MR findings of nasal cycle may reduce the likehood of inflammatory disease being confused with normal physiologic changes, and also may provide another method in the study of this physiologic phenomenon.
Ethmoid Sinus ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Methods ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Septum ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Volunteers