1.Choledocal Cyst Diagnosed by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.
Seung Jung BARK ; Jai Bock JUNG ; Young Myung MOON ; Jin Kyung KANG ; In Suh PARK ; Heung Jai CHOI ; Kyung Sik LEE
Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1981;1(1):33-40
Choledochal cyst of the common bile duct is usually considered to be large cystic dilatation that extends from the wall of the common bile duct. Choledochal cyst is a very rare cond.ition in adult, These cysts are commonly distinctive in childran under the age of ten. Even in this age group they are considered rare. The classicajl triad of a choledochal cyst inclule pain, jaundice and a palpable right upper quadrant mass. This triad was found in only 21~63% and the most common finding is jaundice. Diagnoais of choledochal cyst usually is made during laparotomy, In nonjaundiced patients, oral cholangiogram and/or intravenous cholangiogram may yield the diagnosis. In jaundiced patiente where the diagnosis may be more difficult to make, one may consider doing ERCP and/or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram. The percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram seems to be very helpful in diagnosing jaundiced patients. It is being used more and more in recent years but this method is not without complication. With advent of ERCP, visualization of the biliary tree has become a simple procedure when performed by expert endoscopists. To our knowlege, no previous case of choledochal cyst diagnosed by ERCP has been reported. yet in our country This paper reports 4 cases of choledochal cyst diagnosed by ERCP.
Adult
;
Biliary Tract
;
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde*
;
Choledochal Cyst
;
Common Bile Duct
;
Diagnosis
;
Dilatation
;
Humans
;
Jaundice
;
Laparotomy
2.Evaluation of Glomerular Filtration Rate by Prediction Equation in the Elderly.
Yong Su LEE ; Kyu Beck LEE ; Hyun Young LHEE ; Hyang KIM ; Seung Ho RYU ; Jung Mi BARK
Korean Journal of Nephrology 2006;25(5):745-752
BACKGROUND: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the best overall index for the level of renal function and is estimated commonly by the creatinine-based, Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation or the Modification of Diet Disease Study (MDRD) equation indirectly. Recently, cystatin C has been reported as a new endogenous marker of GFR. To predict the decrease of renal function in the elderly, we measured standard GFR (EDTA-GFR) by (51)Cr- EDTA and attempted to compare the result with CG, MDRD, and cystatin C equation for accuracy. METHODS: Sixty-three elderly persons (28 men, 35 women:mean age 70, range 65-78) who underwent health screening, were measured for plasma creatinine, cystatin C and EDTA-GFR. RESULTS: The CG and MDRD equations performed better than the cystatin C equation with an accuracy of within 30% (68 and 67%, respectively, versus 37%) and 50% (98 and 94%, respectively, versus 72%) of EDTA-GFR. The coefficient of determination (R2) of each estimated equation was 0.08 (p=0.03) in CG, 0.06 (p=0.04) in MDRD, and 0.07 (p=0.04) in cystatin C equation. Analysis of ROC curves with EDTA-GFR 60 mL/min/1.73m2 showed that each estimated equation was inadequate for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (sensitivity and specificity, 73% and 65% in CG, and 68% and 65% in MDRD, respectively). CONCLUSION: In the elderly, CG or MDRD equation was more accurate than cystatin C equation. Nevertheless, problems remain in the assessment of GFR using these equations and caution is particularly necessary in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease with calculated estimates of GFR<60 mL/ min/1.73m2 in the elderly.
Female
;
Male
;
Humans
;
Sensitivity and Specificity
3.Evaluation of Glomerular Filtration Rate by Prediction Equation in the Elderly.
Yong Su LEE ; Kyu Beck LEE ; Hyun Young LHEE ; Hyang KIM ; Seung Ho RYU ; Jung Mi BARK
Korean Journal of Nephrology 2006;25(5):745-752
BACKGROUND: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the best overall index for the level of renal function and is estimated commonly by the creatinine-based, Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation or the Modification of Diet Disease Study (MDRD) equation indirectly. Recently, cystatin C has been reported as a new endogenous marker of GFR. To predict the decrease of renal function in the elderly, we measured standard GFR (EDTA-GFR) by (51)Cr- EDTA and attempted to compare the result with CG, MDRD, and cystatin C equation for accuracy. METHODS: Sixty-three elderly persons (28 men, 35 women:mean age 70, range 65-78) who underwent health screening, were measured for plasma creatinine, cystatin C and EDTA-GFR. RESULTS: The CG and MDRD equations performed better than the cystatin C equation with an accuracy of within 30% (68 and 67%, respectively, versus 37%) and 50% (98 and 94%, respectively, versus 72%) of EDTA-GFR. The coefficient of determination (R2) of each estimated equation was 0.08 (p=0.03) in CG, 0.06 (p=0.04) in MDRD, and 0.07 (p=0.04) in cystatin C equation. Analysis of ROC curves with EDTA-GFR 60 mL/min/1.73m2 showed that each estimated equation was inadequate for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (sensitivity and specificity, 73% and 65% in CG, and 68% and 65% in MDRD, respectively). CONCLUSION: In the elderly, CG or MDRD equation was more accurate than cystatin C equation. Nevertheless, problems remain in the assessment of GFR using these equations and caution is particularly necessary in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease with calculated estimates of GFR<60 mL/ min/1.73m2 in the elderly.
Female
;
Male
;
Humans
;
Sensitivity and Specificity
4.Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Korea (Part II): Systemic Treatment.
Jung Eun KIM ; Hyun Jeong KIM ; Bark Lynn LEW ; Kyung Ho LEE ; Seung Phil HONG ; Yong Hyun JANG ; Kui Young PARK ; Seong Jun SEO ; Jung Min BAE ; Eung Ho CHOI ; Ki Beom SUHR ; Seung Chul LEE ; Hyun Chang KO ; Young Lip PARK ; Sang Wook SON ; Young Jun SEO ; Yang Won LEE ; Sang Hyun CHO ; Chun Wook PARK ; Joo Young ROH
Annals of Dermatology 2015;27(5):578-592
BACKGROUND: Since the treatment guidelines for atopic dermatitis (AD) were issued by the Korean Atopic Dermatitis Association (KADA) work group in 2006, there have been further advances in the systemic treatment of AD. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish updated evidence- and experience-based systemic treatment guidelines for Korean AD. METHODS: We compiled a database of references from relevant systematic reviews and guidelines regarding the systemic management of AD, including antihistamines, antimicrobials, systemic immunomodulators, allergen-specific immunotherapy, phototherapy, adjunctive treatment, and complementary and alternative medicines. Evidence for each statement was graded and classified based on the strength of the recommendation. Thirty-nine council members of KADA participated in the three rounds of votes and expert consensus recommendations were established. RESULTS: The use of antihistamines is recommended to relieve pruritus and to prevent exacerbation due to scratching in AD patients. Infection should be controlled as needed and long-term medication should be avoided. For moderate to severe AD patients, concomitant active treatments with systemic immunomodulators are indicated. Cyclosporine is the first choice among systemic immunomodulators and others should be considered as second-line alternatives. Allergen-specific immunotherapy could be effective in AD patients with aeroallergen hypersensitivity. Phototherapy can be useful for moderate to severe AD patients and narrow-band ultraviolet B is the most effective option. Complementary and alternative medicines cannot be recommended for treating AD. CONCLUSION: We expect these recommendations to be a reference guide for physicians and AD patients in choosing the appropriate treatment to improve quality of life and decrease unnecessary social medical costs.
Consensus*
;
Cyclosporine
;
Dermatitis
;
Dermatitis, Atopic*
;
Histamine Antagonists
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Immunologic Factors
;
Immunotherapy
;
Korea*
;
Phototherapy
;
Pruritus
;
Quality of Life
5.Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Korea (Part I): General Management and Topical Treatment.
Jung Eun KIM ; Hyun Jeong KIM ; Bark Lynn LEW ; Kyung Ho LEE ; Seung Phil HONG ; Yong Hyun JANG ; Kui Young PARK ; Seong Jun SEO ; Jung Min BAE ; Eung Ho CHOI ; Ki Beom SUHR ; Seung Chul LEE ; Hyun Chang KO ; Young Lip PARK ; Sang Wook SON ; Young Jun SEO ; Yang Won LEE ; Sang Hyun CHO ; Chun Wook PARK ; Joo Young ROH
Annals of Dermatology 2015;27(5):563-577
BACKGROUND: Since the treatment guidelines for atopic dermatitis (AD) were released by the Korean Atopic Dermatitis Association (KADA) work group in 2006, there have been several advances in AD management. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish updated evidence- and experience-based treatment guidelines for Korean AD. METHODS: We collected a database of references from relevant systematic AD reviews and guidelines regarding general AD management such as bathing and skin care, avoidance of exacerbating factors, education and psychosocial support, and the use of moisturizers and topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic drugs. Evidence for each statement was graded and the strength of the recommendation for each statement classified. Thirty-nine KADA council members participated in three rounds of voting to establish an expert consensus of recommendations. RESULTS: Basic AD treatment includes proper bathing and skin care, avoidance of exacerbating factors, proper education and psychosocial support, and use of moisturizers. The regular use of moisturizer has a steroid-sparing effect and reduces relapse episodes. The short- and long-term use of topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors improves AD symptoms and should be encouraged to use in an active and proactive treatment. Wet-wrap therapy can be used for rapid recovery of acute exacerbation. Topical antipruritic drugs cannot be recommended for the treatment of AD. CONCLUSION: This report provides up-to-date evidence- and experience-based treatment guidelines for AD regarding general management and topical treatment. In addition, the average agreement scores obtained by a panel of experts based on the Korean healthcare system and patient adherence are presented.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
;
Antipruritics
;
Baths
;
Calcineurin
;
Consensus*
;
Delivery of Health Care
;
Dermatitis, Atopic*
;
Education
;
Korea*
;
Patient Compliance
;
Politics
;
Recurrence
;
Skin Care
6.Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Korea (Part II): Systemic Treatment.
Jung Eun KIM ; Hyun Jeong KIM ; Bark Lynn LEW ; Kyung Ho LEE ; Seung Phil HONG ; Yong Hyun JANG ; Kui Young PARK ; Seong Jun SEO ; Jung Min BAE ; Eung Ho CHOI ; Ki Beom SUHR ; Seung Chul LEE ; Hyun Chang KO ; Young Lip PARK ; Sang Wook SON ; Young Jun SEO ; Yang Won LEE ; Sang Hyun CHO ; Chun Wook PARK ; Joo Young ROH
Annals of Dermatology 2015;27(5):578-592
BACKGROUND: Since the treatment guidelines for atopic dermatitis (AD) were issued by the Korean Atopic Dermatitis Association (KADA) work group in 2006, there have been further advances in the systemic treatment of AD. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish updated evidence- and experience-based systemic treatment guidelines for Korean AD. METHODS: We compiled a database of references from relevant systematic reviews and guidelines regarding the systemic management of AD, including antihistamines, antimicrobials, systemic immunomodulators, allergen-specific immunotherapy, phototherapy, adjunctive treatment, and complementary and alternative medicines. Evidence for each statement was graded and classified based on the strength of the recommendation. Thirty-nine council members of KADA participated in the three rounds of votes and expert consensus recommendations were established. RESULTS: The use of antihistamines is recommended to relieve pruritus and to prevent exacerbation due to scratching in AD patients. Infection should be controlled as needed and long-term medication should be avoided. For moderate to severe AD patients, concomitant active treatments with systemic immunomodulators are indicated. Cyclosporine is the first choice among systemic immunomodulators and others should be considered as second-line alternatives. Allergen-specific immunotherapy could be effective in AD patients with aeroallergen hypersensitivity. Phototherapy can be useful for moderate to severe AD patients and narrow-band ultraviolet B is the most effective option. Complementary and alternative medicines cannot be recommended for treating AD. CONCLUSION: We expect these recommendations to be a reference guide for physicians and AD patients in choosing the appropriate treatment to improve quality of life and decrease unnecessary social medical costs.
Consensus*
;
Cyclosporine
;
Dermatitis
;
Dermatitis, Atopic*
;
Histamine Antagonists
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Immunologic Factors
;
Immunotherapy
;
Korea*
;
Phototherapy
;
Pruritus
;
Quality of Life
7.Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Korea (Part I): General Management and Topical Treatment.
Jung Eun KIM ; Hyun Jeong KIM ; Bark Lynn LEW ; Kyung Ho LEE ; Seung Phil HONG ; Yong Hyun JANG ; Kui Young PARK ; Seong Jun SEO ; Jung Min BAE ; Eung Ho CHOI ; Ki Beom SUHR ; Seung Chul LEE ; Hyun Chang KO ; Young Lip PARK ; Sang Wook SON ; Young Jun SEO ; Yang Won LEE ; Sang Hyun CHO ; Chun Wook PARK ; Joo Young ROH
Annals of Dermatology 2015;27(5):563-577
BACKGROUND: Since the treatment guidelines for atopic dermatitis (AD) were released by the Korean Atopic Dermatitis Association (KADA) work group in 2006, there have been several advances in AD management. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish updated evidence- and experience-based treatment guidelines for Korean AD. METHODS: We collected a database of references from relevant systematic AD reviews and guidelines regarding general AD management such as bathing and skin care, avoidance of exacerbating factors, education and psychosocial support, and the use of moisturizers and topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic drugs. Evidence for each statement was graded and the strength of the recommendation for each statement classified. Thirty-nine KADA council members participated in three rounds of voting to establish an expert consensus of recommendations. RESULTS: Basic AD treatment includes proper bathing and skin care, avoidance of exacerbating factors, proper education and psychosocial support, and use of moisturizers. The regular use of moisturizer has a steroid-sparing effect and reduces relapse episodes. The short- and long-term use of topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors improves AD symptoms and should be encouraged to use in an active and proactive treatment. Wet-wrap therapy can be used for rapid recovery of acute exacerbation. Topical antipruritic drugs cannot be recommended for the treatment of AD. CONCLUSION: This report provides up-to-date evidence- and experience-based treatment guidelines for AD regarding general management and topical treatment. In addition, the average agreement scores obtained by a panel of experts based on the Korean healthcare system and patient adherence are presented.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
;
Antipruritics
;
Baths
;
Calcineurin
;
Consensus*
;
Delivery of Health Care
;
Dermatitis, Atopic*
;
Education
;
Korea*
;
Patient Compliance
;
Politics
;
Recurrence
;
Skin Care
8.Consensus Update for Systemic Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Ji Hyun LEE ; Jung Eun KIM ; Gyeong-Hun PARK ; Jung Min BAE ; Ji Yeon BYUN ; Min Kyung SHIN ; Tae Young HAN ; Seung Phil HONG ; Yong Hyun JANG ; Hye One KIM ; Chan Ho NA ; Bark-Lynn LEW ; JiYoung AHN ; Chang Ook PARK ; Young-Joon SEO ; Yang Won LEE ; Sang Wook SON ; Eung Ho CHOI ; Young Lip PARK ; Joo Young ROH
Annals of Dermatology 2021;33(6):497-514
Background:
In 2015, the Korean Atopic Dermatitis Association (KADA) working group published consensus guidelines for treating atopic dermatitis (AD).
Objective:
We aimed to provide updated consensus recommendations for systemic treatment of AD in South Korea based on recent evidence and experience.
Methods:
We compiled a database of references from relevant systematic reviews and guidelines on the systemic management of AD. Evidence for each statement was graded and classified based on thestrength of the recommendation. Forty-two council members from the KADA participated in three rounds of voting to establish a consensus on expert recommendations.
Results:
We do not recommend long-term treatment with systemic steroids forpatients with moderate-to-severe AD due to the risk of adverse effects. We recommend treatment with cyclosporine or dupilumab and selective treatment with methotrexate or azathioprine for patients with moderate-to-severe AD. We suggest treatment with antihistamines as an option for alleviating clinical symptoms of AD. We recommend selective treatment with narrowband ultraviolet B for patients with chronic moderate-to-severe AD. We do not recommend treatment with oral antibiotics for patients with moderate-to-severe AD but who have no signs of infection. We did not reach a consensus on recommendations for treatment with allergen-specific immunotherapy, probiotics, evening primrose oil, orvitamin D for patients with moderate-to-severe AD. We also recommend educational interventions and counselling for patients with AD and caregivers to improve the treatment success rate.
Conclusion
We look forward to implementing a new and updated consensus of systemic therapy in controlling patients with moderate-to-severe AD.
9.Real-World Experience of Long-Term Dupilumab Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis in Korea
Dong Hun LEE ; Hyun Chang KO ; Chan Ho NA ; Joo Young ROH ; Kui Young PARK ; Young Lip PARK ; Young Min PARK ; Chang Ook PARK ; Chun Wook PARK ; Youin BAE ; Young-Joon SEO ; Sang Wook SON ; Jiyoung AHN ; Hye Jung JUNG ; Jun-Mo YANG ; Chong Hyun WON ; Kwang Ho YOO ; Bark Lynn LEW ; Sang Eun LEE ; Sung Yul LEE ; Seung-Chul LEE ; Yang Won LEE ; Ji Hyun LEE ; Yong Hyun JANG ; Jiehyun JEON ; Tae-Young HAN ; Sang Hyun CHO
Annals of Dermatology 2022;34(2):157-160