BACKGROUND: Recently elderly people have increased in Korea and increased demands of medical service. This study was carried out to identify diseases and health service utilization patterns of geriatric inpatients to provide better understanding and basis planning to meet the needs of expanding geriatric population. METHOD: We use data of `Patient Survey in Korea` in 1999 and analyzed characteristics of disease structure and utilization patterns of health care service of 54,013 cases of discharged patients aged 65 years or more. RESULT: The proportion of the elderly in total discharged patients is 14.7%. Male to female ratio is 1:1.3 and most common age group was between 65 and 69 years old. 84.2% of elderly patients were admitted at secondary or tertiary health care facilities. The most common disease in geriatric inpatients is malig- nancy in male and vascular disease in female. The average duration of hospitalization is 14.2 days. They stay longer than the nation wide average hospital length and stay longest when they are admitted by mental and behavioral disorders. CONCLUSION: Geriatric patients are admitted mostly with chronic degenerative diseases such as neoplasm and vascular disease. Elders prefer to be admitted to tertiary hospitals and oriental hospitals. They stay more in hospital.
Aged ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Health Services* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Korea ; Male ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Vascular Diseases

Before 1970, mandibular overgrowth was known as main cause of skeletal Class III malocclusion in growing children ; however, recent study reports that many skeletal Class III malocclusion patients also show maxillary deficiency. Since 1972, when Delaire re-accommodated Protraction Head Gear (P.H.G.), many researchers have reported that skeletal Class III discrepancies could be corrected through use of P.H.G., which induces anterior movement of maxilla and change in mandibular growth pattern into infero-posterior direction ; nevertheless, it is very difficult to predict resultant changes of orofacial region. The purpose of this study was to find out what treatment effect P.H.G. has on different study samples. Author divided 51 skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with maxillary deficiency who were treated with P.H.G. into different study groups depending on sex, treatment beginning age, intraoral appliance, and facial growth pattern. By doing so, following results were obtained. 1. Treatment beginning age and Sex Four age groups (5.8 to 8 year-old, 8 to 10 year-old, 10 to 12 year-old, 12 to 14 year-old) were compared, and no significant difference was observed. (p<0.05) There was no significant difference between the sex groups, either. (p<0.05) 2. Intraoral appliance Treatment effects of study groups that used R.P.E.(mean age of 10.2) and Labio-Lingual appliance(mean age of 8.9) were compared. There was no significant difference depending on the type of intraoral appliance that was used. (p<0.05) 3. Facial growth pattern 1) Amounts of SNB and ANB corrections were smaller in clockwise growth pattern group than those in normal or counterclockwise growth pattern group. (p<0.05) 2) Amounts of increase in Wits appraisal and mandibular plane angle were greater in counterclockwise growth pattern group than those in normal or clockwise growth pattern group.(p<0.05) 3)Amounts of increase in articular angle were greater in counter lockwise growth pattern group than those in clockwise growth pattern group. (p<0.05)
Child ; Head* ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Maxilla

Orthodontic patients are individuals that grow and develop : therefore selection of the proper time for orthodontic trdatment is considered to be one of the most difficult and yet difficult foctor. Since the development of cephalometric X-ray, amount and pattern of craniofacial growth change with aging could be predicted and became useful in the process of orthodontic treatment. The relationship between the mean values of cephalometric measurements and body helght and weight was studied among the groups(boys and girls) of Koream childern from the ages 0f 3-years to 12-years. 126 boys and 90 girls with no abnormality in growth and development and no history of orthodontic treatment from the ages of 3 years were chosen as subjects: Cephalometric X-ray were takem for 2 years and hard tissue analysis based on Burstone's COGS, which was divided into measurements of 6 parts (Cranial base, Maxillar and Mandible, Vertical measurements, Horizontal measurements, Basal bone relationchip, Dental measurements.) The relationship between craniofacial growth and body height & weight was studied. The following conclusions were obtained : 1. The maximum growth in the measurements of cranial base, N-Ar(FH) corresponded with the age the maximum increasein body height & weight in both boys and girls. 2. Gonual angle gradually decreased with in both boys and girls. 3. N-ANS(L) showed greater amount of growth than ANS-Me(L), and this had greater influence on facial profile. 4. N-A-Pogdegrees decreased with aging, and mandibular growth exceeded maxillary growth in amount and rate. 5. Length of Y-axis increased, but Y-axis to FH plane remained condtant. This show that mandible grows at a constant angulation to cranial base. 6. As permanert teeth erupt, interincisal angle deceased.
Aging ; Body Height ; Child* ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Mandible ; Skull Base ; Tooth

Upper canine is important because it protects and maintains the stability of the dental arch and also, joins the anterior with the posterior teeth. The incidence of impaction of upper canine is the second most frequent next to the third molar because it takes a long period of time to develop, and has a complicated path of eruption, and erupts lately. After the age of 10, clinical and radioglaphic examination can be used in revealing the possibility of impaction and efforts should be put to reduce the side effects. To prevent impaction, selective extraction of primary canine at the age of 8 to 9 could be considered and prolonged retention of primary canine in oral cavity should be avoided at this time. Once the impaction is iden, the first stage of the treatment is to localize the lesion by radiographic examination and According to the severity, orthodontic traction or autotransplantation should be considered and comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan of malocclusion should be established. Generally, labial impaction is due to arch length discrepancy and palatal impaction is due to malposition or morphologic pathosis of lateral incisors rather than arch length discrepancy. In surgical procedure, peridontal problems should be considered and the minimum amount of bone and soft tissue shold be reduced and direct bonding method of many attachment methods should be recommended. Especially in traction of labially impacted canine, it should be guided to erupt through the keratinized zone and proper forced magnitude should be applied. The importance of periodontal condition should always be in mind following the patient education to mintain the good oral hygiene at each stage of treatment. Properly managed impacted canine can provide function and esthetic by proper diagnosis and treatment if extraction of canine is not indicated.
Autografts ; Dental Arch ; Diagnosis* ; Incidence ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Molar, Third ; Mouth ; Oral Hygiene ; Patient Education as Topic ; Tooth ; Traction

PURPOSE: We investigated whether in utero exposure to magnesium sulfate is associated with lower incidence of neonatal mortality, morbidity, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in very low birth weight infants. METHODS: We evaluated 172 infants with birth weight less than 1,500g. According to the maternal receipt of magnesium sulfate, we divided into two groups. We reviewed the medical records of mothers and their babies to evaluate clinical outcome. RESULTS: Of 172 infants, 58(GA 30.0+/-2.3weeks, BW 1,20+/-2221g) received magnesium sulfate prior to delivery for tocolysis or preeclampsia(study group). The remaining 114(GA 29.6+/-2.3weeks, BW 1,220 +/-198g) served as the control group. Neonatal mortality was not significantly different between the two groups(12.5% vs 26.0%). There was no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal complications' RDS(52.4% vs 67.6%), BPD(16.7% vs 29.6%), apnea(52.4% vs 67.6%), IVH(23.8% vs 31.0%), PVL(4.8% vs 11.3%), NEC(7.1% vs 7.0%), ROP(26.8% vs 41.2%), and neal infection(33.3% vs 54.9%). The duration of ventilator therapy(10.9+/-7.3 vs 14.2+/-10.6 days), oxygen administration(20.2+/-20.0 vs 24.3+/-19.9 days) and admission(51.5+/-16.9 vs 54.6+/-16.7 days) were not different. Among 64 patients in whom follow up evaluation was possible more than 1 year, the incidence of cerebral palsy or developmental delay was not different(12.0% vs 12.8%). CONCLUSION: Maternal receipt of magnesium sulfate does not seem to be associated with an appreciably reduced risk of neonatal mortality, morbidity, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in very low birth weight infants. (Abbreviations. GA, gestational age, BW, birth weight; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity)
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Cerebral Palsy ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality* ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Magnesium Sulfate* ; Magnesium* ; Medical Records ; Mothers ; Oxygen ; Tocolysis ; Ventilators, Mechanical

The chondrogenic potential of free autogenous periosteal grafts for osteochondral defects was investigated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine. Five millimeter diameter of circular full-thickness defects were made in patellar groove of both femur in 64 adolescent rabbits and the rectangular periostei, prepared from the proximal tibiae, were placed over the defects of patellar groove and sutured(cambium layer, facing joint surface) and the rabbits were allowed to move actively. A serial gross and histologic examinations of neochondrogenesis were done during 8 weeks. The results were as follows. l. At 2 weeks after operation, neochondrogenesis was hardly seen either in the graft group or in the control group. The defects were partially filled with some fibrous tissue. 2. After 6 weeks of operation, all defects in the graft group(postop 6 weeks and 8 weeks) were filled with hyaline cartilage cells but only 38% (postop 6 weeks) and 44% (postop 8 weeks) of the control group were filled with hyaline cartilage cells. 3. The cartilages, formed at 6 and 8 weeks, were more mature and better than those formed at 4 weeks. 4. The newly formed hyaline cartilage of the graft group filled the defect earlier and were better than those of the control group. 5. The chondrocytes in the newly formed tissue were originated from the cambium layer of periosteal grafts. 6. Free autogenous periosteal grafts can repair a full-thickness defect in a joint surface by producing tissue that resembles articular cartilage grossly and histologically.
Adolescent ; Cambium ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Chondrocytes ; Femur ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Joints ; Rabbits ; Tibia ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFL) was increased by common use of abdominal ultrasonography and non alcoholic fatty liver disease has been associated metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of non alcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic syndrome over 65 years elderly. METHOD: The subject of this study included 262 elderly aged 65 years or older who visited the Health Promotion Center of one university hospital, and the 42 non alcoholic fatty liver disease and the 220 normal control diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. We estimated the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome according to ATPlll guideline except Asia-Pacific waist circumference guideline. we evaluated the prevalence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease and the association of non alcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic syndrome risk factors. We used the multiple logistic regression method to estimate odds ratios for metabolic syndrome of non alcoholic fatty liver disease and other risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease was 16.0%. The mean values of waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting glucose were significantly increased in non alcoholic fatty liver disease compared with control subjects. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, hypertriglycemia, low HDL cholesterolemia, impaired fasting glucose was significantly increased in non alcoholic fatty liver disease compared with control subjects. Odds ratios of hypertriglycemia, low HDLcholesterolemia, and impaired fasting glucose on non alcoholic fatty liver disease were 2.18, 2.35, and 2.46 and were significantly associated. Odds ratio of non alcoholic fatty liver disease on metabolic syndrome was 2.32 and was significantly associated. CONCLUSION: The non alcoholic fatty liver disease was accompanied often in metabolic syndrome. This study suggested that life style modifications such as regular physical activity, weight reduction and diet were needed for management and treatment of non alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome.
Aged* ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver* ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Motor Activity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonography ; Waist Circumference ; Weight Loss

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to understand the differences in masseter muscle (MM) between the shifted and non-shifted sides in facial asymmetry patients, and the changes shown by MM after mandibular surgery. METHODS: Pre- and post-operative CT scans were performed on 12 Class III patients with facial asymmetry who were treated by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy and 10 subjects with normal occlusion. Using the V-works 4.0 program (Cybermed, Seoul, Korea), 3-dimensional images of the mandible, and MM were reconstructed, and evaluated. RESULTS: In the asymmetry group, the MM angle between the shifted and non-shifted sides was only significantly different (p < 0.05). Compared with normal occlusion, the asymmetry group showed a significantly smaller volume and maximum cross-sectional area in both sides of MM (p < 0.05). After mandibular surgery, the angle of MM (p < 0.01) and differences in angle between the shifted and non-shifted sides of MM (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. The thickness in the maximum cross-sectional area was significantly increased (p < 0.01). After surgery, MM in facial asymmetry patients was similarly changed to those in the normal occlusion group except for widths. CONCLUSIONS: MM in facial asymmetry was definitely different from those in normal occlusion. However, this study suggests that MM changed symmetrically in conjunction with the mandible after proper mandibular surgery.
Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Mandible ; Masseter Muscle ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is a rare lymphatic pulmonary abnormality. CPL with respiratory distress has a poor prognosis, and is frequently fatal in neonates. We report a case of pneumonectomy for CPL in a newborn. An infant girl, born at 39 weeks' after an uncomplicated pregnancy, exhibited respiratory distress 1 hr after birth, which necessitated intubation and aggressive ventilator care. Right pneumonectomy was performed after her symptoms worsened. Histologic examination indicated CPL. She is currently 12 months old and developing normally. Pneumonectomy can be considered for treating respiratory symptoms for improving chances of survival in cases with unilateral CPL.
Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/*congenital/diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Lymphangiectasis/*congenital/diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Lymphatic Vessels/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Women smoker faces increased risk for heart disease, stroke, cancers, and respiratory diseases as well as a number of gender specific risks. Maternal smoking has been linked to harmful effects on their offspring such as increased incidence of premature, stillbirth and sudden infant death syndrome, etc. Recently, the rate of female adolescent smoking in Korea is increasing, and the rate of adult woman is expected to increase. This study is aimed at obtaining basic information about smoking patterns and factors associated with smoking in Korean adult women. METHODS: From May 1995 to April 1999, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the female visitors of Health Promotion Center in Seoul National University Hospital. The number of smokers was 492. The control group(984 nonsmokers) was selected by 1:2 age group matched random sampling. Smokers and control group were divided into three age groups-young age(20-39 years), middle age(40-59 years), old age(60 years and over)-and analysed the resalts using SPSS and EpiInfo software. RESULTS: The most frequent amount of cigarette smoking was below 10 cigarettes in all age groups. The duration of smoking was below 10 years in most young and middle age groups. In the old age group the duration of smoking was longer than others. Variables positively associated with smoking included alcohol drinking, being engaged in trade service, being unmarried or divorced or separated or parted for ever, high stress status, dissatisfation of life in young age group. The variable of no exercise was added to them in middle age group. In old age group alcohol drinking, no exercise, no school education were the positive meaningful factors associated with smoking in multivariant logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The modifiable variables associated with smoking in Korean adult women included alcohol drinking, high stress status, dissatisfation of life and no exercise.
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Divorce ; Education ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Seoul ; Single Person ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Stillbirth ; Stroke ; Sudden Infant Death ; Tobacco Products ; Surveys and Questionnaires