There is persuasive epidemiological and experimental evidence that dietary polyphenols have anti-inflammatory activity. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used to combat inflammation. Recently, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been developed and recommended for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, two COX inhibitors have been withdrawn from the market due to unexpected side effects. Because conventional therapeutic and surgical approaches have not been able to fully control the incidence and outcome of many inflammatory diseases, there is an urgent need to find safer compounds and to develop mechanism-based approaches for the management of these diseases. Polyphenols are found in many dietary plant products, including fruits, vegetables, beverages, herbs, and spices. Several of these compounds have been found to inhibit the inflammation process as well as tumorigenesis in experimental animals; they can also exhibit potent biological properties. In addition, epidemiological studies have indicated that populations who consume foods rich in specific polyphenols have lower incidences of inflammatory disease. This paper provides an overview of the research approaches that can be used to unravel the biology and health effects of polyphenols. Polyphenols have diverse biological effects, however, this review will focus on some of the pivotal molecular targets that directly affect the inflammation process.
Phospholipases A/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phenols/*pharmacology ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/drug effects/physiology ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Flavonoids/*pharmacology ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Arachidonic Acid/metabolism ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology ; Animals

No Abstract Available.
Arthroplasty* ; Knee Joint* ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Knee Injuries* ; Knee*

Moonlighting proteins exhibit multiple activities in different cellular compartments, and their abnormal regulation could play an important role in many diseases. To date, many proteins have been identified with moonlighting activity, and more such proteins are being gradually identified. Among the proteins that possess moonlighting activity, several secreted proteins exhibit multiple activities in different cellular locations, such as the extracellular matrix, nucleus, and cytoplasm. While acute inflammation starts rapidly and generally disappears in a few days, chronic inflammation can last for months or years. This is generally because of the failure to eliminate the cause of inflammation, along with repeated exposure to the inflammatory agent. Chronic inflammation is now considered as an overwhelming burden to the general wellbeing of patients and noted as an underlying cause of several diseases. Moonlighting proteins can contribute to the process of chronic inflammation; therefore, it is imperative to overview some proteins that exhibit multiple functions in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will focus on inflammation, particularly unravelling several well-known secreted proteins with multiple functions in different cellular locations.
Cytoplasm ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Inflammation

Recently, we experienced a case of myotonia dystrophy at Pediatric department of Yonsei Medical School. And we are presenting the case we experienced with reviewing the literatures.
Myotonia* ; Schools, Medical

PURPOSE: The tumor suppressor gene p53 has been shown to be a factor in the carcinogenesis or progression of gastric cancer. The mutant p53 has been reported to cause a higher risk of lymph-node metastasis. Futhermore, mutation of the p53 has been linked to a poor prognosis for gastric cancer. The heat shock protein-27 (HSP27), a stress protein, has also been reported to be a poor prognostic factor in ovarian and breast cancers. However, in gastric-cancer patients, controversies exist as to its influence on the prognosis. In the present study, we used an immunohistochemical stain to observe the effects of p53 and HSP27 on the clinicopathological factors and on the prognosis for gastric-cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the significance of p53 and HSP27 in gastric cancer patients, we analyzed 212 cases of gastric cancer (stage I~IV). Tissue samples of 212 patients were stained immunohistochemically for the mutant p53 protein and for HSP27. The correlations between protein expression and the clinicopathological factors were investigated. RESULTS: The overall expression rates for p53 and HSP27 were 36.9% and 27.8%, respectively. p53 and HSP27 were correlated to each other because the HSP27 expression rate was higher in the p53-positive group (P=0.046). Statistically, the p53 and the HSP27 expression rates were significantly increased in the case of tumor invasiveness, lymphatic metastasis and vessel involvement. Therefore, they play a role in cancer progression. The 5-year survival rates of the p53-positive and the p53-negative groups were 62.8% and 60.1%, respectively (P=0.793) while the 5-year survival rates for the HSP27-positive and HSP27-negative groups were 54.2% and 63.1%, respectively (P=0.090). CONCLUSION: p53 and HSP27 were correlated to each other in our immunohistochemical study of gastric carcinomas and they were not independent prognostic factors in gastric- cancer patients. However, further studies are needed to determine their prognostic values for gastric-cancer patients.
Breast ; Carcinogenesis ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Hot Temperature ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Shock ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

We report herein a case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with multiple skin lesions in a Korean woman. A 56-year-old woman presented with rapidly growing multiple sub-cutaneous nodules in her right flank and right upper arm. Microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimen showed diffuse infiltrates of large atypical lymphocytes with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and moderate degree of mitotic figures in deep dermis and subcutis. Immunophenotypic studies revealed the lymphoid infiltrates reacted with CD45, CD20 and bcl-2 protein, but none of the sections expressed CD3, bcl-6 protein and CD30. In physical examination and staging work-up, we could not find any other extracutaneous or systemic involvement. She was treated with 2 cycles of high-dose multiagent chemotherapy with the Vanderbilt and the BEAM regimen combined with the autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Until now, 10 months after termination of treatment, she has shown improvement of all skin lesions and no development of extracutaneous disease.
Arm ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Biopsy ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Physical Examination ; Skin

Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly that is characterized by preauricular pits, branchial fistula and hearing impairment and it is often combined with renal anomalies. BOR syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode and the mutations of two genes, EYA1 and SIX1, have been identified. We experienced a case of a 14-year-old female who complained of bilateral neck openings and hearing loss that were found at birth the girl's family had a familial tendency for these features. A skin biopsy from the cervical lesion showed the characteristic features of branchial fistula. We report here on a case of BOR syndrome and we review the relevant literature.
Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome ; Female ; Fistula ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Neck ; Parturition ; Skin

Because the penetrating cervical tracheoesophageal injury may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, it is important to choose the optimal method of diagnosis and management in patient with tracheoesophageal injury. We obtained a satisfactory result from repair of tracheoesophageal injuries using cardiopulmonary bypass. If the bleeding from the unidentified deep injury and the spread of infection could be controlled, the repair using CPB might increase the margin of safety during operation in the similar cases.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Wounds, Stab*

We report a case of one sister and brother with mirror image myopic anisometropia. One sister and brother complained visual disturbance. The sister was 10 years 11 months old, and brother was 8 years 4 months old. Full ophthalmic examinations were performed, including slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, axial length, fundus examination and the cycloplegic refraction. The cycloplegic refractive power was -15.50 dpt cyl.+4.50 dpt Ax 85degrees (right eye), -1.00 dpt cyl.+0.50 dpt Ax 90degrees (left eye) in the sister; -1.75 dpt cyl.+2.25 dpt Ax 90degrees (right eye), -9.50 dpt cyl.+4.00 dpt Ax 80degrees (left eye) in the brother. The co-occurrence of severe myopic anisometropia in a sister and brother is extremely rare. The present case suggests that severe myopic anisometropia may be related by genetic inheritance.
Anisometropia/*etiology/*genetics/physiopathology/therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myopia/*complications/*genetics/physiopathology/therapy ; Refraction, Ocular ; *Siblings ; Visual Acuity