PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relations of interpersonal attitude and communication competence of new community health nurses. METHODS: The research design was a correlational study. The data were collected from 136 visiting nurses using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The type of interpersonal attitude in subjects was I+U+ and the score of communication competence was 3.6. Among 15 sub-dimensions, the highest score was responsiveness and the lowest was assertiveness. There were no significant differences in communication competence by general characteristics. Factors influencing on communication competence in new visiting nurses were interpersonal attitude I+(I am OK) (beta=.34) and I-(I am not OK) (beta=-.28). CONCLUSION: Education program, stressing the self-awareness, is necessary to increase positive interpersonal attitude and communication competence for reemployment of community health nurses. Furthermore, in order to reinforce assertiveness, institutional support should be accompanied with the efforts of individual level.
Assertiveness ; Community Health Centers* ; Education ; Mental Competency* ; Nurses, Community Health* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Design

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the relationship among knowledge, attitudes and prevention behaviors (PB) on tuberculosis (Tb) infection in nursing students. METHODS: 268 subjects were recruited from two universities located in C·D cities of Korea and data were collected utilizing self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: The mean scores of knowledge, attitudes and PB on Tb infection were 64.83, 3.18 and 2.97. The knowledge differed according to gender (t=-3.16, p=.002), grades (F=32.19, p<.001), educational experience about Tb (EETb) (F=10.59, p<.001), learning information about Tb (t=3.08, p=.002) and getting Tb: self or others (t=2.78, p=.006). The attitudes differed according to grades (F=7.71, p<.001) and EETb (F=2.68, p=.047). The PB differed according to grades (F=7.02, p<.001) and EETb (F=4.55, p=.004). Significant correlations were found between knowledge and PB (r=.20, p=001), attitudes and PB (r=.33, p<.001). The most significant factor influencing PB was attitudes with R2 value of 13.9% (F=11.81, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that knowledge and attitude adjustment may be necessary to improve PB for Tb infection in nursing students. Moreover further study is necessary to find out the ways to reinforce the level of attitudes. The results of the study can be utilized in educational programs for preventing Tb infection in nursing students.
Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

No abstract available.
Ichthyosis, Lamellar*

The improved survival rate of premature infants requiring intensive care, shows an increased risk for nosocomial infections such as disseminated fungal infection. Renal candidasis usually occurs secondary to systemic disease, and can Iead to obstructive uropathy by fungus ball. A male neonate was born in week 28 of the gestational period. His birth weight was 1200gm. He required mechanical ventilation and surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome, umbilical artery and vein catheterization, percutaneous central veneous catheterization(PCVC) for parenteral nutrition, steroid, aminophylline and broad spectrum anibiotics. Hypertension developed on the 29th hospital day, but was not controlled by diuretics and antihypertensive drugs. on the 40th hospital day, he had abdominal distension, anuria, and azotemia. A Renal ultrasonogram showed that the ureteropelvic junction of the left kidney was completely obstructed with fungus balls. A percutaneous nephrostorny tube, made in a pigtail shape by hand, was inserted under fluoroscopy guidance, and the obstruction of the pelvis was resolved by wire manipulation. Parenteral amphotericin B and oral flucytocine were started, and the left renal pelvis was directly drained and irrigated by percutaneous nephrostomy tube. Candida albicans(C. albicuns) was cultured from urine and a percutaneous central venous catheter tip. His general condition improved, and follow up urine culture revealed no fungus. On follow-up renal ultrasonogram, renal cortex echogenicity and fungus ball had disappeared except for mild left renal calyectasis and pelvic thickening. This report describes a case of obstructive uropathy by fungus ball in systemic candidiasis of prematurity, and reviews the related literature.
Aminophylline ; Amphotericin B ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Anuria ; Azotemia ; Birth Weight ; Candida ; Candidiasis ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Cross Infection ; Diuretics ; Fluoroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fungi ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Critical Care ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Male ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Pelvis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography ; Umbilical Arteries ; Veins

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences and relationships among knowledge, attitudes, skill, self-efficacy (SE), and Job satisfaction (JS) of healthcare managers (HMs) participated in the 4 kinds of continuing education. METHODS: The subjects were 152 HMs. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and partial correlation. RESULTS: There were significant differences in knowledge according to the amount of healthcare management experience (HME) and the training program level (TPL); in the attitudes according to gender, age, and the TPL; in the skill according to the amount of HME and the TPL; and in SE according to gender and the TPL. There was no significant difference in JS according to general characteristics. There were significant positive correlations among knowledge, attitudes, skill, SE, and JS. CONCLUSION: The TPL was identified as a significant common variable that affects all variables apart from JS. According to these results, knowledge, attitudes, skill, and SE are considered as intrapersonal constructs, whereas JS is considered as an organizational construct. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of healthcare management, organizational strategy to enhance job satisfaction of HMs are recommended.
Delivery of Health Care ; Job Satisfaction ; Quality of Health Care

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of case management (CM) for Medicaid on healthcare utilization considering the Medicaid system. METHODS: Data were extracted from survey data on "Healthcare utilization and health status of Medicaid beneficiaries" conducted in 2007 and 2008 by the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs. This study was designed to compare the effects on healthcare utilization between the CM group and the non-CM group. The subjects were 535 Type I Medicaid beneficiaries who utilized healthcare more than 365 days during 2006. RESULTS: The outpatient days and medication days of the CM group decreased significantly more than those of the non-CM group with the copayment system. There were no significant differences of healthcare utilization between the CM group and the non-CM group with the designated doctor system. CONCLUSION: CM worked effectively on Medicaid beneficiaries' outpatient healthcare utilization with the copayment system. However, its effects on hospitalization, which is a major cause increasing the total expense, were not observed. Therefore, future studies are needed to develop strategies to reduce hospitalization and Medicaid beneficiaries' outpatient healthcare utilization with the designated doctor system.
Case Management* ; Cost Sharing ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Medicaid* ; Outpatients

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of 3 domains of continuing education (CE) for healthcare managers. METHODS: A group of 20 healthcare managers, attending 3 levels of CE, were the subjects. The data were collected by structured questionnaires before and after each education. The data were analyzed by Friedman test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test, and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: After completing CE, there was significant improvement on the scores of knowledge, attitude, and skills. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that CE for healthcare managers is an effective strategy to promote the competency of healthcare managers, who take care of the chronically ill patients.
Chronic Disease ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education, Continuing ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to confirm the effects of autogenic training (AT) on stress response and heart rate variability in nursing school students experiencing stress related to clinical training. METHODS: The study was carried out from September 2012 to April 2013 in a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group using a pretest-posttest design. The participants were 40 nursing students in their third year at either of two nursing colleges. All consented to participate. Nineteen nursing students at one college were assigned to the experimental group and underwent the 8-week AT program, and the other 21 were assigned to the control group and did not undergo any training. Stress response was assessed by questionnaire and HRV was measured three times, that is, before the program, at the end of the program, and 6 months after the end of the AT program. RESULTS: A significant time/group interaction was found for stress response (F = 4.68, p = .012), a subjective indicator. However, no significant interaction was found for the objective indicators of heart rate variability, normalized low frequency (F = 2.59, p = .090), normalized high frequency (F = 2.59, p = .090), or low frequency to high frequency ratio (F = 1.38, p = .257). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that AT provides an acceptable approach to stress reduction in nursing students.
*Adaptation, Psychological ; Autogenic Training/*methods ; Case-Control Studies ; Heart Rate/*physiology ; Humans ; Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological/*rehabilitation ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Treatment Outcome