Although the definition of male pseudohermaphroditism remains controversial, male pseudohermaphrodites will be defined as chromatin-negative individuals who have testis with the failure of normal development of the normal male. Also included are those individuals who may have more than one cell line, but at least one cell line, containing a Y chromosome and no cell line having two X chromosomes. Gonadal histologic findings may be either testicular or streak, but not ovarian. Male pseudohermaphroditism can result as a consequence of 1) absent M(llerian regression, 2) Inadequate synthesis of testosterone, 3) inadequate synthesis of dihydrotestosterone and 4) androgen receptor deficiency. We have seen 5 cases of male pseudohermaphroditism with manifestations of penoscrotal or perineal hypospadias, pubertal virilization, cryptorchism or atrophied testes, and feminization. Four cases had been reared as male and one case as female. All revealed chromatin-negative pattern in buccal smear and testes. After the plausible discussion, two cases were decided to be reared as female and three were as male.
46, XY Disorders of Sex Development* ; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome ; Cell Line ; Cryptorchidism ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Female ; Feminization ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; Male* ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Virilism ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome

The ankle stability has a vital role in normal gait and walking. An accurate and anatomic reduction with rigid fixation has been emphasized as important regimens as well as early motion and weight bearing exercises. The authors analysed 90 cases(88 patients) of ankle fractures which were admitted and treated in orthopedic department, Chung-Ang Gil General Hospital from March 1987 to May 1992. Males were affected 1.7times than female and the age group of third and fourth decades constituted 60.2%. The most common cause was vehicle accident(35 cases; 38.9%). According to Lauge-Hansen classification, supination-external rotation type was most common(32 cases; 35.6%). Accoompanyng injuries were noted on 45 cases(50%) and fractures in lower extremities were most common(17 cases; 18.9%). According to meyer's assessment of result, the clinical and radiologic results were better in operative method than conservative ones. From the evaluation of clinical results, anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation of lateral malleoli and distal tibiofibular joint are more important factors. Complications are resulted in 19cases(21.1%) and traumatic arthritis is the most common (10 cases; 11.1%). The extent and degree of injury was an important factor in an overall results of treatment as well as the anatomic reduction of fracture alignment.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Arthritis ; Classification ; Exercise ; Female ; Gait ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Joints ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

Amipaque is a water soluble, non-ionic myelographic contrast media, and owing to its high diagnostic accuracy and safety, its use is gradually increasing. The authors studied the complications after Amipaque lumbermyelography in 61 patients with low back pain during the period from Jan. 1981 to Nov. 1981 in Chung Ang University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. Total complication rate was 52%(32 of 61) and there was nosexual difference in its occurrence. 2. In total, no difference in complication rate was found between head-up positioned group with a degree of 30degrees (group I) after procedure and head-up positioned group with a degree of 70degrees (group II) but female patients had more complication rate in group I than in group II (75% vs 50%).Headache was more common in group I and nausea was more common in group II. 3. Headache was most common complicaiton (44%) and there was no sexual difference in its occurrence. 4. No significant difference in complication rate was found between patients proved to have HBP and patients to have not. 5. Complications were less common in patients with punctured level of L4-5 than in patients with L2-3 or L3-4 level puncture.
Contrast Media ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Metrizamide ; Myelography ; Nausea ; Punctures ; Water

No abstract available.
Choledochal Cyst* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Bronchiolitis*

To evaluate the detection of HPV DNA according to subtype of lesions of uterine cervix and its clinical applicability, in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry for HPV were performed in 189 cases of uterine cervical lesion, including 23 cases of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), 115 cases of high grade SIL and 51 cases of invasive carcinoma. Positive immunostaining, brown precipitate, was mainly noted in the nucleus of koilocytes in the superficial and intermediate layer. Positivity of immunostaining was 21.7% in low grade SIL, 13.0% in high grade SIL and 9.8% in invasive carcinoma. Positive reaction in ISH, red precipitate, was noted in the nucleus of not only koilocytes but also non-koilocytes in the superficial and intermediate layer, and dot precipitate was rarely identified in the nest of squamous cell carcinoma. Based on HPV subtype, 6/11 was 21.7% in low grade SIL, 16/18 was 32.2% and 39.2% in high grade SIL and invasive carcinoma, respectively. With regard to their associated HPV types, low grade SILs were heterogeneous and high grade SILs and invasive carcinomas were related with the high oncogenic risk group only. The correlation of HPV subtypes with panHPV was 91.3% in low grade SIL, 91.3% in high grade SIL and 98.0% in invasive carcinoma. These results suggest that detection of HPV infection by ISH may be a more useful method than immunohistochemistry and application of the HPV subtype probe with the panHPV probe could improve the sensitivity of ISH.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; DNA ; Female ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry* ; In Situ Hybridization*

No abstract available.
Amniotic Fluid* ; beta-Endorphin* ; Female

Neurodegenerative diseases are the hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases are emerging as the leading cause of death, disabilities, and a socioeconomic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. There are many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, but we have no effective treatments or cures to halt the progression of any of these diseases. Stem cell-based therapy has become the alternative option to treat neurodegenerative diseases. There are several types of stem cells utilized; embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cell (mesenchymal stem cells and neural progenitor cells). In this review, we summarize recent advances in the treatments and the limitations of various stem cell technologies. Especially, we focus on clinical trials of stem cell therapies for major neurodegenerative diseases.
Adult Stem Cells ; Alzheimer Disease ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Cause of Death ; Cell Transplantation ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Huntington Disease ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Life Expectancy ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Neurodegenerative Diseases* ; Neurons ; Parkinson Disease ; Stem Cells*

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate* ; Medroxyprogesterone* ; Tamoxifen*

No abstract available.