Neurilemmoma is a benign neoplasm arising from the Schwann cell of the nerve sheath. Acoustic nerve is the most common site of neurilemmoma and mandible is the most frequently involved in intraosseous neurilemmoma. Extradurally located dumbbell type neurilemmoma was rarely reported. The histology of neurilemmoma was first described by Verocay in 1908 and elaborated upon by Stout in 1935. Characteristic histologic patterns of neurilemmoma were encapsulation and Verocay bodies, Antoni type A and B areas, palisading nuclei, and lack of malignant characteristics. We experienced such a rare case of neurilemmoma which probably arised from the left first lumbar spinal nerve root, and located extradurally and paravertebrally, and confirmed by radiologic and pathologic findings.
Cochlear Nerve ; Mandible ; Neurilemmoma ; Spinal Nerve Roots

Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from the epidermis or its appendages, Squamous cell carcinoma of extremity comprises approximately 1 to 2 percent of all squamous celi carcinoma and of these 0.2 to 1.7 percents are secondary to chronic osteomyelitis and 2 percents are secondary to the burn scar. We experienced 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma invading bone directly, of these 2 cases are secondary to chronic osteomyelitis and 2 cases are secondary to the burn scar. With prompt and aggressive surgical treatment the prognosis is good. Routine regional lymphadenectomy is unnecessary because in most instances enlarged nodes are inflammatory and subside after amputation.
Amputation ; Burns ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cicatrix ; Epidermis ; Epithelial Cells ; Extremities ; Lymph Node Excision ; Osteomyelitis ; Prognosis

Articular cartilage have dual functions of shock absorber and bearing surface in a moving joint. Articular cartilage is avascular, so the chondrocytes in mature adult must receive their nourishment solely from synovial-fluid perfusion, and it is known that alteration of synovial-fluid perfusion causes degeneration of articular cartilage. Now, in orthopedic fields, the corrective cast immobilization and traction is in popular use. In order to study the cartilage changes induced by this long-term cast immobilization and traction, compression-immobilization and condylar resection of knee joint in rabbits were performed, and weekly histoiogic examinations of articular cartilage up to 5 weeks were followed. The observations were as follows: 1. Degenerative changes of articular cartilage were observed respectively with compression-immobilization and condylar resection, and the severity of the histologic changes appeared to be proportional to the duration of compression-immobilization and condylar resection. 2. Earlier degenerative changes of articular cartilage in condylar resection group than in compression-immobilization group were noted, and this earlier degenerative changes in condylar resection group suggests that hemarthrosis may play a role in cartilage degeneration. 3. Histologically unchanged calcific cartilage zone and mildly hypertrophied subchondral bone were noted in compression-immobilization group, but vascular invasion to calcific cartilage zone and subchondral osteoporosis were noted in condylar resection group.
Adult ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Chondrocytes ; Hemarthrosis ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Orthopedics ; Osteoporosis ; Perfusion ; Rabbits ; Shock ; Traction

Osteopetrosis is a rare familial disease, characterized roentgenographically by a marked increase in the radiodensity of bone and by abnormality in the shape of the long bone, especially the metaphysis. It was discovered fist by Albers-Schonberg in 1904 during an X-ray examination of a patient and is known as Albers-Schonberg disease, marble bone or osteosclerosis fragilis generalisata. We experienced a case of osteopetrosis in adult.
Adult ; Calcium Carbonate ; Humans ; Osteopetrosis

Ligament and tendon prostheses have all suffered because of failure of the particular material that has used in the past. Various materials, including, silk, nylon, Dacron, and combinstions of other synthetic substances, have all enjoyed temporary vogues and have vogues and have all passed out of habitual use because of collapse of the material employed. In an attempt to find an alternative material for use as a tendon or ligament prosthesis, a fundamentally new approach to the problem has been used, namely, that of tendon ligament induction. Carbon fiber has an attraction as a biologic implant because of its inherently inert nature when used in the pure form. Within recent years, it has been possible to manufacture filamentous carbon fiber of high purity and constant filament size, and this material has been examined as a tendon and ligament prosthesis. Both achilles tendons of 14 adult Korean rabbits were replsced with carbon fiber reinforced epoxies(CFRE, it was developed in department of chemical engineering, Chungnam national university, Daejeon, Korea) after artificially rupture, and serial histologic examination of neotendon formations and biologic responces in vivo were done during 8 weeks. The results obtained were as followings ;1. Hemorrhage and inflammatory reactions were observed at 2–3 weeks after operations. 2. Foreign body reactions were developed at 4 weeks after operation, also observed proliferations of foreign body giant cells and histiocytes. 3. Fibroblasts were increased at 4 weeks after operation, and most severe poliferations at 5–6 weeks. 4. Foreign body reactions and fibroblasts were markedly decreased at 7–8 weeks after operation, and examination of the collagen itself showed it to be closely similar to that found on the normsl side.5. Thus, it appeared that the carbon fiber initially acted as a tendon prosthesis.
Achilles Tendon ; Adult ; Carbon ; Chemical Engineering ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Foreign Bodies ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Hemorrhage ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Nylons ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Rupture ; Silk ; Tendons

PURPOSE: To compare the macular choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness, peripapillary choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness among normal, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients using RTVue (Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography; Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 32 normal controls, 32 POAG and 52 NTG patients was performed. Choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were compared among normal controls, POAG and NTG subjects. Additionally, the factors influencing choroidal thickness (age, axial length, spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, mean deviation, nocturnal dip, blood pressure variability) were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 32 normal controls, 32 POAG and 52 NTG patients were enrolled in this study. Macular and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were significantly thinner in the NTG patients. In NTG subjects, the significant influencing factors associated with macular and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were age, axial length, nocturnal dip (diastolic blood pressure), diastolic blood pressure variability and ganglion cell complex thickness. In POAG patients, significant influencing factors associated with macular and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were age and axial length. CONCLUSIONS: Choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in NTG patients compared with normal controls and POAG patients. Factors influencing choroidal thickness in NTG patients were age, axial length, nocturnal dip (diastolic blood pressure), diastolic blood pressure variability and ganglion cell complex thickness. In POAG patients, significant factors influencing choroidal thickness were age and axial length.
Blood Pressure ; Choroid* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To compare the macular choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness, peripapillary choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness among normal, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients using RTVue (Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography; Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 32 normal controls, 32 POAG and 52 NTG patients was performed. Choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were compared among normal controls, POAG and NTG subjects. Additionally, the factors influencing choroidal thickness (age, axial length, spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, mean deviation, nocturnal dip, blood pressure variability) were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 32 normal controls, 32 POAG and 52 NTG patients were enrolled in this study. Macular and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were significantly thinner in the NTG patients. In NTG subjects, the significant influencing factors associated with macular and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were age, axial length, nocturnal dip (diastolic blood pressure), diastolic blood pressure variability and ganglion cell complex thickness. In POAG patients, significant influencing factors associated with macular and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were age and axial length. CONCLUSIONS: Choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in NTG patients compared with normal controls and POAG patients. Factors influencing choroidal thickness in NTG patients were age, axial length, nocturnal dip (diastolic blood pressure), diastolic blood pressure variability and ganglion cell complex thickness. In POAG patients, significant factors influencing choroidal thickness were age and axial length.
Blood Pressure ; Choroid* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

Neurologic complications after open-heart surgery are not only relatively common but also often fatal. In order to know the clinical characteristics and causative risk factors, we carried out the retrospective study on 655 patients who had been admitted and undergone OHS at Seoul National University Children's Hospital during 2-year period from July 1990 to June 1992. The results were as follows; 1) The incidence of neurologic complications after OHS was 4.7% (31 cases) of the total 655 cases. 2) In the viewpoint of the pre-op diagnosis, neurologic complications developed in 20 cases (7.8%) among cyanotic congenital heart disease and in 11 cases (2.9%J among acyanotic CHD. 3) In the viewpoint of the type of operation, the incidence of neurologic complications was 33.3% in Jatene procedure and 12.1% in Fontan procedure. 4) Compared with the group who didn't develp neurologic complications (624 cases), cardiopulmonary bypass time, aorta cross clamp time, and total arrest time were longer and the degree of hypothermia was lower in the group who had neurologic complications (31 cases), which are statistically significant each other(p<0.01). 5) In 25 cases (80.6%), neurologic complications occurred within 72 hours after OHS. 6) Clinical manifestations of neurologic complications were seizures (26 cases, 84%), consciousness change (13 cases, 42%), hemiplegia (1 case), and decreased muscle tone (1 case). 7) Of the 31 cases, 16 cases showed more than one abnormal finding among EEG, Brain CT, or Brain MRI. 8) The possible etiologies of neurologic complications were diffuse hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (16 cases, 51.6%), focal or multiple ischemic stoke that was thought to be due to microembolisms (3 cases, 9.7%), electrolyte or acid-base imbalance (8 cases, 25.8%), and the remainders were unknown (4 cases. 12.9%) 9) In the course of neurologic complications, 11 cases (35.5%) expired, 14 cases(45.2%) recovered at discharge, 3 cases (9.7%) were controlled at discharge, and 2 cases (6.5%) had long-term sequela(one spastic quadriplegia and one hemiparesis). 10) The cause of death among mortality cases were mainly due to brain damage (7 cases), while 4 cases had other direct causes such as heart failure, respiratory failure, or sepsis.
Acid-Base Imbalance ; Aorta ; Brain ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Cause of Death ; Child* ; Consciousness ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Fontan Procedure ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Failure ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mortality ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Quadriplegia ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Sepsis

No abstract available.
Basal Ganglia* ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism*

We observed the changes of IOP after contact transscleral cyclophotocoagualtion with Diode laser which emit 810mm beam and we tride to investigatethe suitable level and range of energy when Diode laser was applied to the refractory glaucoma patients. Fifteen eyes underwent contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with energy 3J(Group A, 6eyes), 4J(Group B, 9eyes) separately and intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 4month, 5month, 6month, postoperatively. The intraocular pressure(IOP) decreasing rate was 83.02% in A group and 64.72% in B group. The success rate was 50% in A group and 66.7% in B group at 6 month postoperatively. It is suggested that contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with Diode laser si useful in lowering IOP in refractory glaucoma patients.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor*