Insufficiency fracture occurs when normal or physiological stress applied to weakened bone with demineralization and decreased elastic resistance. Recently, many studies reported the development of IF after radiation therapy (RT) in gynecological cancer, prostate cancer, anal cancer and rectal cancer. The RT-induced insufficiency fracture is a common complication during the follow-up using modern imaging studies. The clinical suspicion and knowledge the characteristic imaging patterns of insufficiency fracture is essential to differentiate it from metastatic bone lesions, because it sometimes cause severe pain, and it may be confused with bone metastasis.
Anus Neoplasms ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Stress* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Stress, Physiological

No abstract available

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

Interleukin-6(IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine, and deregulated IL-6 gene expression has been implicated as being involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseaaes. So we measured the serum level of IL-6 to find a relationahip between uterine cervical cancer and serum IL-6 level. The serum levels of IL-6 were meesured m 54 patients adrnitted to the Severance hospital, from August, 1992 to February, 1993, of whom 27 patients were diagnosed as invasive cancer of cervix, 17 as CIN, and also utilizing 10 patiente diagnosed as uterine myoma as a control group for matched age and parity. The average serum level of IL-6 in invasive cancer, CIN, and uterine myoma were respectively 30.33pg/ml, 37.27pg/ml, and 12.45pg Jml. In 22% af cervical cancer patients (6 of 27), and 27% of CIN patients (4 of 17) studied blood levels of II-6 were detected whereas only 10% of uterine myoma (1 of 10) shorved the same result. However, the difference does not seem to be statistically significant, There was no statistically significant difference among any of the groups, and age and stage did not show any significant cmrelation, and the results need furt,ber investigations.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Interleukin-6* ; Leiomyoma ; Parity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Vesicovaginal fistula is a uncommon status in the developed countries. In the past it was mostly by obstetric causes. But now a days, posthysterectomy fistulas are seen. Fistula is a discomfort to the patient because of urine leakage, odor, and its inconvenience. We have experienced one case of fistula after abdominal hysterectomy and have repaired it by Latzko partial colpocleisis. So we report a case with some references.
Developed Countries ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Odors ; Vesicovaginal Fistula*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the specific findings of infiltrating ductal carcinoma from the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to differentiate from the atypical ductal hyperplasia(ADH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty breast lesions in 48 patients including thirty-six breasts of 36 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fourteen breasts of 12 patients with DCIS, and nine breasts of 7 patients with ADH were examined with FLASH technique using Gd-DTPA. We evaluated the maximal amount, the speed, and the pattern of enhancement after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA(0.16mmol/kg body weight). Also we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy in the patients with breast cancer. RESULTS: The maximal amount of enhancement were 1,161.84 +/- 394.44 NU in infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 982.11 +/- 458.35 NU in DCIS, and 1,035.94 +/- 305.20 NU in ADH. The speed of enhancement was 827.33 +/- 384.20 NU within the first 1 minute with a sudden increase in signal intensity after injection and a much slighter in- crease thereafter in infiltrating ductal carcinoma. DCIS showed in creasing signal intensity within the first 2 minutes(749.70 +/- 487.36 NU), and ADH showed significant increased enhancement(765.40 +/- 313.61 NU) at 3 minutes after injection of Gd-DTPA. The patterns of enhancement were focal with irregular margins in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and irregular peripheral enhancement in DCIS and ADH. However, absent or extreme delayed enhancement at the central portion of the tumor was more frequently seen in infiltrating ductal carcinoma rather than DCIS or ADH. CONCLUSION: Gd-DTPA enhanced dynamic MRI was valuable in the diagnosis of breast cancer and in differentiating DCIS from ADH. Furthermore, it was effective in analyzing the extension of breast carcinoma, multiplicity, and bilaterality of breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PURPOSE: To evaluate the specific findings of infiltrating ductal carcinoma from the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to differentiate from the atypical ductal hyperplasia(ADH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty breast lesions in 48 patients including thirty-six breasts of 36 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fourteen breasts of 12 patients with DCIS, and nine breasts of 7 patients with ADH were examined with FLASH technique using Gd-DTPA. We evaluated the maximal amount, the speed, and the pattern of enhancement after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA(0.16mmol/kg body weight). Also we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy in the patients with breast cancer. RESULTS: The maximal amount of enhancement were 1,161.84 +/- 394.44 NU in infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 982.11 +/- 458.35 NU in DCIS, and 1,035.94 +/- 305.20 NU in ADH. The speed of enhancement was 827.33 +/- 384.20 NU within the first 1 minute with a sudden increase in signal intensity after injection and a much slighter in- crease thereafter in infiltrating ductal carcinoma. DCIS showed in creasing signal intensity within the first 2 minutes(749.70 +/- 487.36 NU), and ADH showed significant increased enhancement(765.40 +/- 313.61 NU) at 3 minutes after injection of Gd-DTPA. The patterns of enhancement were focal with irregular margins in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and irregular peripheral enhancement in DCIS and ADH. However, absent or extreme delayed enhancement at the central portion of the tumor was more frequently seen in infiltrating ductal carcinoma rather than DCIS or ADH. CONCLUSION: Gd-DTPA enhanced dynamic MRI was valuable in the diagnosis of breast cancer and in differentiating DCIS from ADH. Furthermore, it was effective in analyzing the extension of breast carcinoma, multiplicity, and bilaterality of breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The frequency of sexual dysfunction from rectal cancer operation has been reported with wide range from 8 to 86%. We have performed prospective study to analyze the cause of sexual dysfunction after operation in rectum which is anatomically adjacent to cavernous nerve and artery The study was done from April 1991 to March 1992 with 26 patients who were neurologically normal before the radical rectal surgery. To study intraoperative vascular damage, we performed duplex doppler sonography of penile arteries preoperatively and on tenth postoperative day. To study neurologic insult urodynamic study was performed preoperatively, tenth postoperative day and postoperative sixth month, and subjective sexual history was obtained preoperatively and postoperative sixth month. There was no evidence of change in the diameter and peak velocity of cavernous artery on penile duplex sonography and penile rigidity, implying no vascular damage. Fourteen patients (53%) complained of sexual dysfunction in postoperative sixth month. Subjective sexual dysfunction showed no correlation with age, stage, mode of operation, tumor size, tumor location from anal verge and intraluminal position of the tumor. We couldn't find any association between postoperative decreased libido and decreased self-esteem from stoma, which confirms that psychologic cause does not seem to ascribe to erectile dysfunction. Patients with neurologic deficit were 21(81%) on tenth postoperative day, but only 4(17 %) out of 23 who were followed up to postoperative sixth month. This suggests that recovery of sexual dysfunction was delayed or impossible, compared with rapid recovery of bladder dysfunction. This also suggests additional intraoperative nerve damage along cavernous nerve pathway. In conclusion, sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer operation was not caused by vascular damage nor psychologic etiology. Nerve damage is rather highly suggested, but there was no correlation with stage and mode of operation.
Arteries ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Libido ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prospective Studies ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics

Understanding the genetic background of hearing loss is important since almost 50% of the cases of profound hearing loss are caused by genetic factors. Until now, more than 150 causative genes have been identified. In this review, classification of genetic hearing loss (syndromic versus non-syndromic, recessive versus dominant, X-linked and mitochondrial), pitfalls in elucidating causative genes, anatomy of the inner ear, introduction of the most common syndromic hearing loss, introduction of the most common non-syndromic hearing loss-causing genes, mitochondrial and multifactorial hearing losses were discussed. Moreover, clinical approaches to the patients with hereditary hearing loss and genetic counseling were also explained briefly. Finally, future directions of the hereditary hearing loss research in Korean population were presented.
Ear, Inner ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; Genetic Counseling ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Humans

No abstract available.
Estrogens* ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone*