Colorectal cancer is the 4th most common cancer occurring in Korea, exceeded in frequency by stomach, liver, and lung cancer. It is also the 4th leading cause of cancer death in Korea. The incidence of the colorectal cancer in Korea is increasing gradually and continuously for the recent several decades. The etiology of carcinoma of the colon and rectum remains unclear. However, many studies have suggested a correlation between colorectal cancer and dietary factors such as excessive intake of animal fat, protein, and refined carbohydrates, and less intake of vegetable fiber. There are also a number of diseases with hereditary predisposition to colorectal cancer. Those are familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), Peutz Jeghers syndrome, and juvenile polyposis. The clinical features of colorectal cancer are varied and nonspecific. The symptoms that most often prompt patients to seek medical attention include rectal bleeding, a change in bowel habit, and abdominal pain. Whether a patient has any noticeable symptoms or what form the symptoms take depends somewhat on the location of the tumor and the extent of disease.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Animals ; Carbohydrates ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mortality ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ; Rectum ; Stomach ; Vegetables

Colorecal cancer undergo relatively long preneoplastic processes before being invasive. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been a useful tool to detect the advanced colorectal cancers with cost-effectiveness. However, the patient’s compliance to FOBT was poor because of low sensitivity and annual sampling. The sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy have the ten-year preventive effect for the advanced cancer. Recently the DNA stool test for detection of mutations has showed excellent sensitivity and specificity. It has several adventages such as collection of samples and automated analysis. Virtual colonoscopy, especially CT colonograpy, can be a viable option for the colorecal cancer screening. In November 2001, the Korean Society of Coloproctology (KSCP) and the Natinal Cancer Center (NCC) developed the guidelines on screening and surveillance for early detection of colorectal cancers in Korea. Average-risk men and women should start colonoscopic examination with a 10-year interval at the age of 50. Individuals with increased risk such as those with a family or personal history of colorectal cancer or colorectal adenomas, or family history of familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer should consult their surveillance to the specialty-physicians. The ideal screening tools may change by age.
Adenoma ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Colonography, Computed Tomographic ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Compliance ; DNA ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Occult Blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sigmoidoscopy

Restoration of anteroposterior projection of the zygomatic body and facial width are key elements in treatment of complex zygomatic fractures. Traditionally, it has been understood that for most fractures of the zygoma, three-point fixation of the zygomaticofrontal suture, inferior orbital rim, and zygomaticomaxillary buttress generally produces exact structural restoration. Recently, the importance of accurate reduction of the zygomatic arch through coronal incision has been favored in complex zygomatic fractures. Though coronal incision has the advantages of accurate reduction and fixation as a result of extensive exposure of the fractured area, this procedure also has many disadvantages including injury to the facial nerve, paresthesia, alopecia, scar formation, longer operating time, protracted hospitalization, etc. As well, there have been no objective data to prove the fact that four-point fixation through coronal incision is superior to traditional three-point fixation. From May, 1994 to December, 1998, the authors treated 45 patients by traditional three-point (n=20) and coronal four-point fixation (n=25) with random sampling. To assess the difference between the two methods the authors measured the axial angle of the zygoma, the axial angle of the zygomatic arch, and the degree of zygomatic arch inclination on submentovertex X-ray, and then analyzed the measurements by the paired T-test(p < 0.05). As a result, the axial angle of the zygoma and zygomatic arch assessed by anteroposterior projection, as well as the facial width showed no statistical difference between the two groups, respectively(p = 0.26, p = 0.18). Mean while, the degree of zygomatic arch inclination representing the local contour of the fractured zygomatic arch was statistically significant between the two groups(p < 0.05). Thus, the traditional three-point fixation method may be widely acceptable in treatment of complex zygomatic fractures with anterior three-point or zygomatic arch comminution.
Alopecia ; Cicatrix ; Facial Nerve ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Orbit ; Paresthesia ; Sutures ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures

Frontometaphyseal dysplasia is an uncommon genetic syndrome affecting bone and connective tissue. This condition is characterized by the prominence of supraorbital ridges, hyperostosis of the skull, mandibular hypoplasia and malocclusion with antegonial notching, underdeveloped paranasal flaring of the long bone, and a widened iliac wing. Frontometaphyseal dysplasia has an X-linked dominant trait. Clinical manifestations are more severe in males and have extreme variability in females. We present an 11-year-old boy who had frontometaphyseal dysplasia with disfigured face due to bilaterally urinary tract malformation and chronic urinary tract infection. To improve facial appearance, his prominent supraorbital ridges were contoured by ostectomy and burring through bicoronal incision. Urologic operation was performed simultaneously. Histologically, resected bony specimen revealed bony tissue with normal trabecular pattern suggesting exostotic bone. The patient healed without any postoperative complications and he and his parents were satisfied with his final facial morphology.
Child ; Connective Tissue ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperostosis ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Parents ; Postoperative Complications ; Skull ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections

The purpose of this study was to investigate weight control practices and cardiovascular risk in middle-aged women. 304 middle-aged women were selected as subjects from thirties to fifthies living at J city in Chung-Buk Do. Data were collected using a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, BP & total cholesterol level in serum from April 1, to June 30, 2003. The results of this study were as follows: The middle-aged woman's age is average 43.95+/-7.09yr and mean BMI(body mass index) was 23.54+/-3.09 kg/m2. Underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese women were 3.0%, 39.5%, 27.9% and 29.6%respectively. Subjects perceived own as 'Slim' 5.9%, 'ordinary' 45.7%, 'Fat' 48.4%. Their weight perception coincide their own actual body weight but as many as 41.8% of overweight and 9.0% of obese perceived themselves as being 'ordinary'. Middle age women with past weight control experience were 55.6%, and only 35.5% was doing weight control at present. Of these subjects, 71.4% reported wanting to lose weight and the primary reason of weight control was to improve their appearance(39.53%). The most frequently reported weight control behavior was 'exercise' followed 'dieting', but 39.6% reported using 'diet food', 12.4% 'behavior modification', 12.4% 'fasting', and 'diet-drug'(3.6%) or 'smoking'(3.6%). Effective weight control methods were thought regular exercise(97.1%) & dieting (79.3%). And behavior modification(71.4%) or diet camp(60%) were effective, too. An average waist circumference was 79.80+/-9.47cm, waist/hip ratio was 86.63+/-6.78, waist/ height ratio was 50.43+/-6.10. In the index of abdominal obesity, 79.7 % of middle-aged women was waist/height ratio over 0.46, 65.3% was waist/hip ratio over 0.85, 28.4% was waist circumference over 85cm. There were significant differences in the degree of abdominal obesity according to age and BMI. In the index of cardiovascualr risk, 10.9% of middle aged women was systolic hypertension over 140mmHg, 18.7% was diastolic hypertension over 90mmHg and 10.6% was hypercholesterolemia over 200mg/dl. There was significant difference in systolic hypertension ratio according to age. There was significant difference in diastolic hypertension ratio according to age and obesity. There were significant differences in hypercholesterolemia accorting to obesity. The abdominal obesity indices and the levels of T-cholesterol in the serum, systolic and diastolic BP increased significantly according to age. T-cholesterol in serum was predicted 2.6% by waist/height ratio. And systolic BP was predicted 15.2% by waist/height, add BMI to 16.8%. Subject's diastolic BP was predicted 12.1% by BMI. Therefore waist/height ratio and BMI were significant factors for the predictors of cardiovascular risk. There was significant correlation between index of obesity and cardiovascular risk. T-cholesterol in serum had correlation with waist/eight ratio(r=0.174) and waist circumference(r=0.48). Systolic BP had correlation with waist/height ratio(r=0.387), and BMI(=0.371). diastolic BP correlation had correlation with BMI(r=0.343) and waist/height ratio(r=0.327). In conclusion, The prevalence of obesity was 29.6% in 304 cases, and increased as age after menopause increased. Middle-aged women's weight perception and actual BMI coincide but some of them did not. Trial to reduce weight was attempted. But most of them did not actually. Undesirable weight control method such as using drugs, fasting, smoking was used by some women. It is important to educate about health weight control methods and raise their awareness of exact body figures. High frequency of abdominal obesity in middle-aged women had correlation with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Abdominal index such as waist/height ratio, waist circumference, waist/ hip ratio was used. Women's hypertension, hypercholesterolemia significantly related to body mass index and abdominal obesity.
Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Fasting ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thinness ; Waist Circumference ; Weight Perception

From Jan. 1987 to May 1994, we carried out cementless total hip arthroplasties using hydroxyapatite-coated Omnifit system, and among these, 63 cases in 49 patients were followed up more than 24 months. The average Harris Hip Score was 46.3 points preoperatively, 95.4 points at POD 1 year and 96.2 points at POD 2 years. Two patients (3%) complained thigh pain at POD 2 years. On the radiologic findings, endosteal bone formation was noted in 34 cases (53,9 %), radiolucent lines were seen at the non-coating region of distal stem in 41 cases (65.3%), which were less than 2mm and not progressive. Cortical hypertrophy was noted in 5 cases (8.4%), and calcar atrophy was observed in 31 cases (49 %).
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Atrophy ; Durapatite* ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Osteogenesis ; Thigh

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of scatter correction on the assessment of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function by gated Tc-99m myocardial SPECT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were 11 normal volunteers, 20 patients with non-cardiac chest pain and 13 patients with coronary artery diseases. We classified above 3 groups into normal and diseased groups. Scatter correction was done using dual-energy-window scatter correction method (DEW-SC). We compared acquired counts, image contrast, corrected maximum relative counts, indices of left ventricular function, extent and severity of perfusion defects calculated by 'CEqual program' between scatter non-corrected and corrected images. RESULTS: Scatter corrected studies was lower in counts by 18+/-3% than uncorrected studies, but image contrast were improved in all cases. Scatter correction using DEW-SC took 3 minutes to complete, and 512 kB memory to store. There were no significant differences among indices of left ventricular function between scatter non-corrected and corrected images. Although extents of perfusion defects were not significantly different, severity was severer in scatter corrected images. CONCLUSION: Scatter correction using DEW-SC is simple to do, and improves image contrast without changing other indices of myocardial perfusion and function.
Chest Pain ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Memory ; Perfusion* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon* ; Ventricular Function, Left*

In an attempt to elucidate the pathological changes following common bile duct ligation, the present study was undertaken in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Morphologic studies of the livers were performed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 weeks after common bile duct ligation. In an attempt to clarify the relationship between the process of bile duct formation and the nature of primitive cells observable around the primitive biliary structure, light microscopic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were performed. The results were noted as follows: 1) Light microscopically, proliferation of biliary cells began in the periphery of portal areas and expanded toward hepatic lobules. In severe cases of biliary structure proliferation, hepatocytic cords and classic hepatic lobules were inconspicuous. 2) Immunohistochemically, CK-19 expression was limited to biliary structures in protal areas and proliferated biliary epithelial cells. In the serial sections of paraffin block, proliferated intrahepatic biliary structures were associated with those of portal areas. Some oval cells in the ductular hepatocytes were stained for both CK-19 and MNF 116. 3) Ultrastructurally, the proliferated biliary epithelial cells divided into three patterns: absence of lumen, formation of incomplete lumen, and formation of complete lumen. Furthermore these patterns had spectral continuity of maturation in their structures. 4) In some biliary structures, individual biliary cells pushed the basement membrane toward neighboring tissue with accompanying destruction of basement membranes, patterns of budding. Sometimes these cells and hepatocytes comprised the same lumen. In summary, the results obtained by the present study indicate that proliferated biliary structures may be derived from the preexisting intralobular or portal biliary system.
Male ; Humans

Angiogenesis depends on the net balance between positive and negative angiogenic factors. Tumor cells are angiogenic resulting from increased production of positive factors and decreased production of negative factors. Among these, vascular endothelial growth factor and glioma- derived angiogenesis inhibiting factor are related to glioblastoma multiforme. The p53 gene is more frequently mutated than any other known oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in human tumors including glioblastoma multiforme. Angiogenesis is reported to be controlled by p53 regulation in recent studies. To examine the effect of p53 overexpression on angiogenesis in glioblastoma multiforme, we performed immunohistochemical staining in 51 cases of glioblastoma multiforme, using monoclonal antibodies to p53 protein and factor VIII. 20 cases of low grade astrocytoma were used as control. p53 overexpression was present in 15(75%) of 20 cases of low grade astrocytoma and the mean vessel count was 37.7+/-9.9 at x200 field and 17.5+/-5.8 at x400 field. p53 overexpression was present in 35(68%) of 51 cases of glioblastoma multiforme and the mean vessel count was 91.9 45.8 at x200 field and 40.7 19.1 at x400 field. Mean vessel count in low grade astrocytoma with p53 overexpression was 39.4 10.2 at x200 field and 18.9 5.7 at x400 field, while in cases without p53 overexpression it was 32.4+/-7.6 at x200 field and 13.2 3.5 at x400 field. Mean vessel count in glioblastoma multiforme with p53 overexpression was 94.5+/-51.8 at x200 field and 42.1+/-16.8 at x400 field, while in cases without p53 overexpression it was 86.1+/-29.5 at x200 field and 37.1+/-16.8 at x400 field. The mean survival time was 12.4 months in the 39 cases of glioblastoma multiforme in which follow-up studies were possible. Significant prognostic factors were age, p53 overexpression and adjuvant therapy. These results show that p53 gene mutation is one of the many contributing factors to angiogenesis in glioblastoma multiforme. In addition, other oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, as well as growth factors may be involved. Age, p53 overexpression and adjuvant therapy proved to be significant prognostic factors, while microvessel density was not.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Astrocytoma ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Factor VIII ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genes, p53* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Microvessels ; Oncogenes ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

No abstract available.
Diet* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Incidence* ; Infant*