No abstract available.
Rehabilitation*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to validate waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) corresponding to body mass index (BMI) of 25kg/m2 and to survey the prevalence of hypertension according to obesity in female college students. METHOD: Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure were measured for each of 286 female college students in J City, Chungbuk. RESULTS: The subjects' mean BMI was 21.4kg/m2, and the estimated prevalence of obesity was 11.2%. The subjects, the 80th-90th percentile of whom had BMI exceeding 25kg/m2, were found to have WC of 75-78.1 cm and WHR of 0.79-0.80, respectively. Of the subjects with obesity(BMI> or =25kg/m2), 53.1% exhibited abdominal obesity (WC> or =80cm) and 40.6% had WHR over 0.80. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were correlated with BMI, WC, and WHR. The prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with obesity(BMI> or =25kg/m2) was 25%. Additionally, the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity (WC> or =80cm) was 39.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that WC corresponding to BMI of 25kg/m2 in female subjects in their twenties is different from that of adult women. We also found that the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity was high. Therefore. we suggest further studies to determine the cutoff value of WC for evaluating abdominal obesity and to investigate the long-term effects of obesity on women in their twenties.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index* ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Waist Circumference* ; Waist-Hip Ratio*

BACKGROUND: Combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSE) is used for obtaining adventages of both spinal and epidural anesthesia. But it might be suspected that epidural volume load affect spinal sensory blockade level during CSE. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower extremity operation were involved in our study. Subarachnoid block with 12mg of tetracaine was established in all patients. Four groups were studied. Group 1 (n=20), the control, received only spinal anesthesia. Group 2 (n=20), group 3 (n=20) and group 4 (n=20) received 10, 15 and 20 ml of epidural saline immediately after spinal anesthetic administration. Sensory blockade level was checked by pinprick test at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 60 and 90 minutes. Blood pressure, heart rate and incidence of complications such as hypotension, bradycardia, nausea and high block were measured. RESULTS: The sensory blockade level of groups 3 and 4 was higher than group 1 (p<0.05). Blood pressure and heart rate were not different compared with each other. The incidence of complications, except that higher block above T4 in group 4 was more than in group 1 (p<0.05), were not different when compared with each other. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural saline above 15 ml may affect sensory blockade level of spinal anesthesia during CSE.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Nausea ; Tetracaine

BACKGROUND: Nail lacquer strengthens and protects the nail plate by preventing excess loss of moisture and providing a hard surface. On the other hand, it may produce allergic contact and irritant dermatitis, paronychial and nail bed inflammation and infection, dystrophic nails and onycholysis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of the nail lacquer on the barrier function of the nail. METHODS: The study populatian consisted of 25 healthy young subjects who had not applied the nail lacquer to the nail for the last 3 months. Nail lacquer was applied to the left thumb and middle fingernail for 6 weeks and then removed by acetone. Transonychial water loss(TOWL) of the treated left fingernails and the untreated corresponding right fingernails was measured with an Evaporimeter. Lipids of the nails were extracted from distal nail cuttings and analysed by thin layer chromatography. RESULTS: 1. Before application of the nail lacquer, there was no difference in TOWL between the left and right fingernails while the TOWL of the thumb nail was higher than that of the middle fingernail with a statistical significance(p<0.05). 2. The TOWL of the left fingernails, measured 1 day, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after application of the nail lacquer, was lower than that of the untreated right fingernails with a statistical significance( p< 0.05). 3. The TOWL of the left fingernails, measured 1, 3 and 7 days after removal of the nail lacquer by acetone, was not different statistically from that of the untreated right fingernails. 4. Lipid analysis demonstratcd that the cholesterol content was higher in the left fingernail which had been covered with nail lacquer than in the untreated right fingernail. 5. There was no clinical adverse effect observed during application of the nail lacquer or after removal of it. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, nail lacquer has some occlusive effects on transonychial water evaporatior . Because increased cholesterol content may be due to perturbations of barrier function , further studies of the effect of the nail lacquer on the barrier function of the nail will be needed.
Acetone ; Cholesterol ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Dermatitis, Irritant ; Hand ; Inflammation ; Lacquer* ; Nails ; Onycholysis ; Thumb

No abstract available.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Erotica* ; Female ; Humans ; Internet*

Retroperitoneal tumors are relatively rare, accounting for 0.2% of all cancers; many different histologic types are present, and primitive retroperitoneal germ cell tumors constitute a small miniority of about 3%. Most primary extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) arise from the mediastinum of retroperitoneum in young males. The authors experienced a case of primary extragonadal mixed germ cell tumor with a 43-year-old woman complaining left lower abdominal pain. With the case report, a brief review was made.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Female ; Germ Cells* ; Humans ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal*

No abstract available.
Melanoma ; Nevus

Subepidermal calcified nodule(SCN) is a form of calcinosis cutis which is usually present as a single small, raised, hard nodule with verrucous surface. A 13-year-old girl presented with a 10-month history of a ricegrain-sized, hard, yellowish white papule on both upper eyelids. The lesions were asymptomatic and had increased slowly in size. An excisional biopsy specimen of the left upper eyelid showed acanthosis and narrow pointed rete ridges of the epidermis, and closely aggregated deposition of basophilic material in the uppermost dermis. The material in the dermis did not stain with von Kossa. It was confirmed as calcium deposition by staining with alizarin red S which is far more specific for calcium than the von Kossa stain.
Adolescent ; Basophils ; Biopsy ; Calcinosis ; Calcium ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a very common chronic inflammatory disease. Previous studies suggested that, Pityrosporum, lipophilic fungi, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease clinically and mycologically for better understanding of the pathogenesis. METHODS: Two hundred and one new patient.s with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and 67 norrnal subjects were obs!,rved clinically by the dermatologist and studied stat,istically by questionnaires. A mycologic study of Pityrosporum was also performed by direct smear. RESULTS: Among a total of 201 patients wit,h seborrheic dermatitis, 72.6% had pityriasis sicca, 10.5% had pityr iasis steartoides and 16.9% had inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis. On clinical grading by the Kligman.. scale, grade III(slightly scaling) was the most common in the patients and 52.6% of the norma. subjects were below grade II (no scaling). Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in 76.7% of the patients and 91.5% of the normal subjects. The incidence of Pityrosporum was lower particularly in t,he patients with inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis t,han in other pa~tients groups. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it, is difficult to conclude that Pityrosporum is a main causative ager t of seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, it is thought t.hat further studies of the role of Pityrosporum in seborrheic dermatitis are needed.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malassezia* ; Pityriasis ; Scalp* ; Spores ; Surveys and Questionnaires