Various epidermal changes overlying a dermatofibroma can be induced through the proliferation of pluripotential epidermal cells by the stimulation of mesenchymal factors. The authors report a case of dermatofibroma in a 55-year-old male who had a reddish brown, asymptomatic nodule of 5 years duration on his left forearm. The biopsy specimen revealed a dermatofibroma of cellular type associated with epidermal changes: (1) acanthosis; (2) elongation of rete ridges; (3) thin interlacing epidermal strands with increased pigmentation resembling seborrheic keratosis or fibroepithelioma; (4) immature hair follicles and sebaceous lobules; (5) hair germ like buddings; (6) superficial basal cell epithelioma-like proliferations.
Biopsy ; Forearm ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation

For prevention of limitation of range of motion due to arthrofibrosis of the knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, it is accepted in general that the operation should be delayed for about three weeks after injury. We studied the duration form operation to time of full range of motion, and analized the results in forty-eight patients who had undergone arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament recostruction using the autologous bone-patella tendon-bone graft and early CPM, range of motion exercise during Feb. 1991 and June 1994. The results were as follows: 1. The average interval from injury to operation were 1.3 weeks in acute injury group, 6 weeks in subacute injury group and 20.7 months in chronic group. The average interval from operation to full range of motion were 7.1 weeks in acute injury group, 5.7 weeks in subacute injury group and 3.0 weeks in chronic group. 2. In acute injury group, 14(93.3%) of 15 cases showed full extesion and only 1 case(6.7%) showed the limitation of extension less than 5 degrees. In subacute injury group, 6(85.7%) of 7 cases showed full extension but1 case(14.3%) showed the limitation of extension less than 5 degrees. On the other hand in the chronic injury group, all the 26 cases(100%) of the patients showed full extension. 3. In acute injury group, 14(93.3%) of 15 cases showed full flexion and only 1 cases(6.7%) showed the limitatin of flexion less than 5 degrees. In subacute injury group, 6(85.7%) of 7 cases showed full flexion but 1 case(14.3%) showed the limitation of flexion less than 5 degrees. On the other hand in the chronic injury group, 23(88.5%) of 26 cases could flex to full range of flexion, and 3 cases(11.5%) revealed limitation of flexion less than 5 degrees. 4. The limitation of ROM mainly due to arthrofibrosis can be prevented by early range of motion execise and active rehabilitation in the acute or chronic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the autograft bone-patella-bone graft. Although in acute patients the interval from operation to full ROM can be prolonged, the full ROM can be achieved after all.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Autografts ; Hand ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Knee Injuries* ; Knee*

Nowadays shoulder ultrasound is commonly used in the assessment of shoulder diseases and is as accurate as magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of several pathologies. Operator dependence is the main disadvantage of shoulder ultrasound. After adhering to a strict examination protocol, good knowledge of normal anatomy and pathologic processes and an awareness of common pitfalls, it can be used as a focused examination providing rapid, real-time diagnosis, and treatment by ultrasound-guided interventions in desired clinical situations. Also shoulder ultrasound can help the surgeon decide whether treatment will be surgical or nonsurgical. If arthroscopy is planned, sonographic findings help to counsel patients regarding surgical and functional outcomes. If a nonsurgical approach is indicated, ultrasound can be used to follow patients. This review article presents the examination techniques, the normal sonographic appearances and the main pathologic conditions found in shoulder ultrasound. And also addresses a simplified approach to scanning and ultrasound-guided intervention. Knowledge of optimal techniques, normal anatomy, dynamic maneuvers, and pathologic conditions is essential for optimal performance and interpretation of images.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pathologic Processes ; Pathology ; Shoulder* ; Ultrasonography*

In order to compare the corneal sensation after phacoemulsification and the planned extracapsular cataract extraction(p-ECCE), we studied 40 eyes of 31 patients prospetively. A Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer was used to measure corneal sensitivity preoperatively and at one day, three day, one week, one month, and two months postoperatively, by the same surgeon using the same technique. There was no difference in corneal sensation between phacoemulsification and p-ECCE group preoperatively. The mean corneal sensitivity at 10:00(2:00) o`clock in phacoemulsificantion/p-ECCE was 17.3+/-7.0(18.2+/-6.7)/9.9+/-1.5(10.3+1.9), 22.1+/-6.9 (23.2+/-6.3)/14.1+/-2.3(14.3+/-2.3), 29.4+/-7.7(30.6+/-7.2)/17.7+2.2(18.7+/-2.2), 37.7+/-9.3(37.8+/-9.4)/26.3+/-7.9(27.7+/-8.4), 56.3+/-7.6(56.3+7.9)/59.2+/-3.8(59.4+/-2.7)mm after 1, 3, 7, 30, 60 days, respectively. Corneal sensation at the center and the 3, 6, and 9 o`clock positions was not changed in all eyes. Corenal sensitivity was significantly more recovered in phacoemulsification group than the p-ECCE group at postoperative onemonth(p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant difference in recovery of corneal sensation between phacoemulsification group and p-ECCE group at postoperative two months. Conclusively corneal sensation returned to peroperative level at two months postoperatively in both groups.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification* ; Sensation*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the utilization level of forecasting methods in contract foodservice management companies. Questionnaires were distributed and collected from 30 foodservice management companies contracted with universities and 49 university foodservices in Seoul and Kyungki area. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 10.0 based on the production records of Yonsei University foodservices and the weather reports from a meteorological observatory. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The objectives of the fore-casting systems were identified as saving costs through eliminating the leftover, meeting the customer demands, and improving efficiency in food preparation.2) All of the university foodservices were already performing the forecasting methods but in foodservice management companies as a whole,89.7 percents were applying the method and only 55.2 percents had the separate forecasting department. 3) A large number of foodservice staffs in the head office (65.5%) answered that they often utilized intuitive estimates based on the past experiences and records for forecasting while 65.3% managing staffs in the university foodservices answered the same.4) Both in the head office and university foodservices, actual number of meals served were recorded. In the head office, mostly estimated numbers and actual numbers of meals were recorded while estimated, prepared, and actual numbers of meals served were recorded for most of the cases in university foodservices. 5) The primary factors considered for forecasting were the actual production records for the last month, the customer preference for the selected menu items, and the specific day of the week.
Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Forecasting* ; Head ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Weather

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is accepted as a useful tool for the diagnosis of injury of the knee recently. The anterior cruciate ligament tear is accompanied by the damage of the osseous and soft tissue of the knee. The occult osseous lesion is found on magnetic resonance imaging as bone density change that is not found on the simple radiograph. From Jan. 1992 to Apr. 1994, magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 44 patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. MRI was done within 6 weeks of the index anterior cruciate ligament injury. The criteria of decreased signal intensity on the Tl weighted image and increased signal intensity on the T2 weighted image was applied for the incidence assessment of the occult osseous lesion. After arthroscopy with or without ACL reconstruction, follow-up simple radiograph was checked every 3 months. Occult osseous lesions were documented in 32(73%) of the 44 patients. Of the 32 patients with bony lesion, 81% had lesions of the lateral compartment. Lateral femoral condyle was involved in 15 cases(46.9%), and lateral tibial plateau in 22 cases (68.8%). Follow-up X-ray revealed no joint deperession in all of the 32 patients with the occult osseous lesion. This result suggests that there is a high correlation between the occult osseous lesion of lateral compartment of the knee on magnetic resonance imaging and anterior cruciate ligament tear. The presence of the occult osseous lesion in the patient with acute anterior cruciate ligament tear did not affect rehabilitation and weight bearing.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Density ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rehabilitation ; Tears ; Weight-Bearing

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the static (SFF) and kinetic frictional forces (KFF) of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing lingual bracket (CAD/CAM-LB) with those of conventional LB (Con-LB) and Con-LB with narrow bracket width (Con-LB-NBW) under 3 tooth displacement conditions. METHODS: The samples were divided into 9 groups according to combinations of 3 LB types (CAD/CAM-LB [Incognito], Con-LB [7th Generation, 7G], and Con-LB-NBW [STb]) with 3 displacement conditions (no displacement [control], maxillary right lateral incisor with 1-mm palatal displacement [MXLI-PD], and maxillary right canine with 1-mm gingival displacement [MXC-GD]; n = 6/group). While drawing a 0.016-inch copper or super-elastic nickel-titanium archwire with 0.5 mm/min for 5 minutes in a chamber maintained at 36.5℃, SFF and KFF were measured. The Kruskal-Wallis method with Bonferroni correction was performed. RESULTS: The Incognito group demonstrated the highest SFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD, Stb-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, 7G-MXLI-PD, 7G-control] < [Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in SFF among the 3 displacement conditions within each bracket group. Within each displacement condition, the Incognito group demonstrated the highest KFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD] < Stb-MXC-GD < 7G-MXLI-PD < [7G-control, 7G-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control] < [Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). MXC-GD exhibited higher KFFs than MXLI-PD in the same bracket group. CONCLUSIONS The slot design and ligation method of the CAD/CAM-LB system should be modified to reduce SFF and KFF during the leveling/alignment stage.

Even though the value of computed tomography (CT) used to detect the colon carcinoma with minimal invasion is limited, its usefulnes sin the evaluation of the extent of disease such as hepatic metastasis or distant lymph node invasion has been emphasized. To examine the role of CT in the evaluation of colon carcinoma, CT scans obtained during the past 2 years in 56 patients with surgically proven colon carcinoma were reviewed and the findings correlated with pathologic results. The sensitivity and accuracy of CT for pericolic fat infiltration were 86, 58 and 80% respectively. Those of regional node were 60, 83 and 75% and distant node 67, 100 and 95%. Liver metastases showed sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 83, 98, 96% and peritoneal metastases 67, 94 and 89% respectively. CT detected local invasion with fair degree of accuracy but the true value of CT lie in the detection of distant invasions such as liver and distant lymph node metastases thereby leading to preclusion of unnecessary procedures and implementation of appropriate precedures.
Colon* ; Humans ; Liver* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Unnecessary Procedures

To investigate the effect of trabeculectomy with the modification of scleral flap, modified trabeculectomy with partially excised scleral flap(PESF) was performed in one eye and trabeculectomy with non-excised scleral flap(NESF) in the contralateral eyes of five rabbits. Postoperative histologic examinations were done on these eyes at 2 weeks after surgery. And 10 PESF and 12 NESF trabeculectomies was performed in 22 glaucoma patients for the control of intraocular pressure(IOP). Results of histologic examination showed less subconjunctival inflammation and fibrosis in PESF group than NESF group. IOP was controlled successfully in PESF(80%) and NESF(75%) group. Mean IOP was 14.7 +/- 4.1 mmHg in PESF group and 16.4 +/- 2.5 mmHg in NESF group at the 2 month follow-up visit. Duration of anterior chamber reformation was 10.7 days in PESF group and 8.9 days in NESF group. And cases of removal of releasable suture were 5 eyes in NESF group but none in PESF grup. This PESF trabeculectomy seems to be a safe and effective procedure that produces diffuse, persistent blebs and good control of IOP.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits ; Sutures ; Trabeculectomy*