No abstract available.
Lipoma*

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Blastoma*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety in the labor induction between the high dose oxytocin method and the new low dose oxytocin method. STUDY DESIGN: Firstly, we selected 125 pregnant women hospitalized, having the indication of labor induction from March, 1995 to August, 1996. Of them, we selected 61 pregnant women tothem the high dose oxytocin method was used, as the control group, and in- creased the quantity of 2.5 mU/min every 20 minutes with the start dose of 2.5 mU/min to them. On the other hand, with the start dose of 1.25 mU/min, we increased the quantity of 1.25 mU/min every 20 minutes to the study group of low dose oxytocin method, 64 pregnant women. RESULTS: No statistical significance was found in the time from the effective uterine contraction to the delivery in the study group, in contrast to that of the control group to them the labor induction was conducted by using the high dose oxytocin. Maximum amount used to the high dose oxytocin was significantly more than that of the low dose oxytacin, but in the total given dose, there was no significant difference between two groups. Maxi- mum uterine contraction of the control group did not show any significant. difference from that of the study group, and there was also no significant difference in the frequency of generating the complications such as fetal distress. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the labor.induction -to delivery time, and the complications of fetus, between the existing high dose oxytocin method and the new low dose oxytocin method. Therefore it is thought the low dose oxytocin method may reduce the possibility of a complieation compared with the high dose oxytocin method. However, it is considered this matter must be investigated further in the futrre.
Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fetus ; Hand ; Humans ; Oxytocin* ; Pregnant Women ; Uterine Contraction

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is frequent in patients with acute leukemia and results in significant morbidity and mortality among neutropenic patients. Although the lung is a common site of this disease, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum is rare as initial manifestations of IA. A 22-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to aggrevated dyspnea, productive cough, fever and nasal bleeding. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, M2) was diagnosed. His clinical course was aggrevated despite patient was treated with empirical antibiotics. Chest X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography showed pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum on the left thorax. The clinical course was improved after closed thoracostomy and empirical amphotericin B therapy for the fungal infections was started. IA was pathologically diagnosed by his sputum contained a mucus plug. His symptoms and radiological lesions were completely resolved after amphotericin B therapy alone with a total doses of 2.58g. We report a case of IA complicated by pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in acute myelogenous leukemia with the review of literatures.
Amphotericin B ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspergillosis* ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Epistaxis ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Lung ; Male ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Mortality ; Mucus ; Pneumothorax* ; Sputum ; Thoracostomy ; Thorax ; Young Adult

Locked-in Syndrome is a severe pontine stroke causing quadriplegia, lower cranial nerve paralysis, and mutism with preservation of only vertical gaze and upper eyelid movement in a conscious patient. We present a case of a Locked-in Syndrome patient who received communication training with augmentative and alternative communication equipment by using eye blinks. After 3 weeks of training, the patient was able to make an attempt to interact with other people, and associate a new word by Korean alphabet selection. Augmentative and alternative communication equipment which uses eye blinks might be considered to be beneficial in improving the communication skills of locked-in syndrome patients.
Communication Aids for Disabled ; Cranial Nerves ; Eye ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Mutism ; Paralysis ; Quadriplegia ; Stroke

In 24 healthy adult patients having orthopedic surgical procedures requiring the use of a tourniquet under general anesthesia with controlled mechanieal ventilation, we have deter- mined ehanges in end tidal CO2(PetCO2) and arterial blood gas values before and after release of tourniquet. After deflation of tourniguet, PETCO and PaCO2 increased significantly with the maximal elevation occuring within two minutes. The pH level decreased significantly and maximally within three minutes. There was statistically significant linear correlation between PCO and PaCO2 Sugesting prediction of the PaCO2, level by monitoring the PetCO2 level. On these findings, hyperventilation may be indicated to facilitate the return of PaCO2 and pH to baseline just before and for several minutes after tourniquet release, especially in patients with increased intracranial pressure. In conclusion, we recommend noninvasive monitoring of the PetCO2 level instead of invasive measure-ment of the PaCO2 level.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperventilation ; Intracranial Pressure ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Tourniquets* ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVE: To quantify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and to demonstrate the usefulness of quantitative MRI findings in the management of CMT. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 160 subjects with CMT who had undergone neck MRI at the age of 48 months or younger at a tertiary medical center. Among the 160 subjects, 54 had undergone surgical release of CMT and 106 subjects had not undergone surgery. For the quantitative analysis, the ratios of area and intensity of the MRI findings were measured and compared between the two groups (ratio of area = the largest cross-sectional area of the SCM with CMT - the cross-sectional area of the contralateral SCM without CMT / the cross-sectional area of the contralateral SCM without CMT; ratio of intensity = the mean gray color intensity of the contralateral SCM without CMT - the lowest mean gray color intensity of the SCM with CMT / the mean gray color intensity of the contralateral SCM without CMT). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted for the ratios of area and intensity in order to find the optimal cutoff value for determining the need for surgery in CMT cases. RESULTS: The ratios of area and intensity were significantly higher in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group (p< or =0.001), suggesting that the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) was thicker and darker in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group. The optimal cutoff value for the ratio of area was 0.17 and that for the ratio of intensity was 0.05. All subjects with a ratio of intensity less than 0.03 belonged to the non-surgical group, and all subjects with a ratio of intensity greater than 0.16 were categorized in the surgical group. CONCLUSION: The quantitative MRI findings, i.e., ratios of area and intensity, may provide a guideline for deciding the need for surgical intervention in CMT patients. Further prospective studies are required to verify these findings.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Muscular Diseases ; Neck* ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Torticollis*

Human genetic variation is represented by the genetic differences both within and among populations, and most genetic variants do not cause overt diseases but contribute to disease susceptibility and influence drug response. During the last century, various genetic variants, such as copy number variations (CNVs), have been associated with diverse human disorders. Here, we review studies on the associations between CNVs and autoimmune diseases to gain some insight. First, some CNV loci are commonly implicated in various autoimmune diseases, such as Fcgamma receptors in patients with systemic lupus erythemoatosus or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and beta-defensin genes in patients with psoriasis or Crohn's disease. This means that when a CNV locus is associated with a particular autoimmune disease, we should examine its potential associations with other diseases. Second, interpopulation or interethnic differences in the effects of CNVs on phenotypes exist, including disease susceptibility, and evidence suggests that CNVs are important to understand susceptibility to and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, many findings need to be replicated in independent populations and different ethnic groups. The validity and reliability of detecting CNVs will improve quickly as genotyping technology advances, which will support the required replication.
Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/ethnology/*genetics/immunology ; Autoimmunity/*genetics ; *DNA Copy Number Variations ; *Gene Dosage ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Population Groups/genetics ; Risk Factors

Infectious mononucleosis(IM) is a benign self-limiting disease and result from a polyclonal B cell proliferation secondary to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. The infection is controlled by cytotoxic T cells triggered by EBV infected B cells. However, rare cases develop severe or fatal IM accompanied by hemophagocytic syndrome. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl who presented with high fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic failure, pancytopenia and coagulopathy. Despite intensive treatment, the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly and died 3 days after admission. At autopsy, there was prominent infiltration of atypical lymphocytes with hemophagocytosis in multiple organs, especially liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Atypical lymphocytes were immunopositive for T cell markers and showed positive signal in EBV in situ hybridization.
Autopsy ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cell Proliferation ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fever ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infectious Mononucleosis* ; Liver ; Liver Failure ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; Pancytopenia ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes

Hypercalcemia is a rare complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia, especially in the blastic phase. The incidence is below 5%. PTH-rP (parathyroid hormone- related protein) plays various roles in human physiology by binding PTH receptors. The patient was 32-year-old male, admitted with blatic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia associated with hypercalcemia, elevated PTH-rP, depressed PTH level. Chemotherapy was instituted with hydroxyurea and two courses of idarubicin and Ara-C. After chemotherapy serum calcium and PTH-rP level, number of blast were depressed to near normal and PTH was elevated to normal range. But when the patient was re-admitted with recurrence of blastic crisis and hypercalcemia, PTH-rP level was elevated and PTH level was depressed below normal range. There was no other evidence of hypercalcemia as like hyperthyroidism or hyperparathyroidism, bone destruction. These suggest that the hypercalcemic event in this patient was induced by PTH-rP produced by blast cells.
Adult ; Calcium ; Cytarabine ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea ; Hypercalcemia* ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Hyperthyroidism ; Idarubicin ; Incidence ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* ; Male ; Physiology ; Recurrence ; Reference Values