The organization of the ribosomal genes is unique in Borrelia burgdorferi in that the rrl (23S) and rrf (SS) genes are duplicated in tandem. Twelve Korean Borrelia isolates were classified by the method of rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Southern hybridization. One of the isolates, KW-3, as well as the representative of ribotype group IV Ip89 appeared to have evolved within B. garinii. The size of the restriction bands of the 11 isolates showed different patterns from the USA and European isolates. The result by RFLP of rrf-rrl intergenic spacer region amplified by PCR showed a good correlation with that of Southern hybridization of rRNA gene. Therefore, the eleven Korean isolates could be classified as members of a new Borrelia group.
Borrelia burgdorferi Group* ; Borrelia burgdorferi* ; Borrelia* ; Classification* ; Genes, rRNA ; Korea* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length* ; Ribotyping

Herpes simplex virus keratits(HSK) is one of the most common external eye diseases that cause corneal blindness, Therefore early diagnosis and proper treatment of HSK are essential. However it is frequently misdiagnosed because it shows non-specific corneal lesion than other infectious corneal disease. And also diagnosis of HSK mostly rely on clinical examination and patient history. We evaluated suspicious HSK patients by indirect immunofluofluorescent(IF) antibody test and analyzed its efficacy in the early diagnosis of HSK. Among 47 patients(47 eyes), 37 patients were suspicious heretic keratitis and others not. Dendritic keratitis patients existed in 17 out of 37 patients and they were evaluated with virus culture and indirect IF test. The result of indirect IF test was confirmed under the immunofluorescent microscope and for virus culture the specimens were inoculated on Vero cells(monkey kidney cells). The positive results of indirect IF test was 28 out of 37 suspicious HSK patients and 1 out of 10 non-suspicious HSK patients. Dendritic HSK patients showed IF positive in 15 out of 17 patients(82.3%). Sensitivity of indirect IF test in suspicious HSK patients was 75.7%(2837) and 88.2%(15/17) in dendritic HSK patients. Indirect IF test was all positive(14/14) in dendritic HSK patients that showed culture positive. From these results, indirect IF test has a high sensitivity in early diagnosis of HSK and might be ussful as a rapid diagnostic tool in HSK patients.
Blindness ; Corneal Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Eye Diseases ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratitis, Dendritic ; Keratitis, Herpetic* ; Kidney ; Simplexvirus

This study presents some of the first statistical findings of the Severance Hospital discharge survey. The purpose of this study described in this report was twofold: 1) The underlying consideration was model building for the distribution of short-stay hospitalized patients; and 2) The immediate target was a better understanding of the impact of certain measurement probability discharged as cured present in the survey of medical records. In building up the duration-of-stay model, the conditional probabilities of discharge on a particular day were computed for the January-December, 1967 in order to obtain an appropriate theoretical distribution. The rise and fall of these conditional probabilities as duration of stay increased was characteristic of the log-normal distribution. Therefore, the log-normal distribution, ... was fitted to the available duratin-of-stay data. The parameters found for the distribution were estimated as mu=1.834 and delta=0.675 in 1967. As for measuring the probability of patient discharged as cured, life table model was adopted. Discharge as cured including improved patient and death including transferred to other hospital without improved are takan as the two attrition factors for decrement of a single population. The probabilities of being discharged as cured during the first week after hospitalization were found .as P0=0.41877 in 1967, P0=0.44113 in 1968 and P0=0.47387 in 1969. The average expectations of post discharge life were e0=2.048 weeks in 1967, e0=2.160 weeks in 1968 and e0=1.961 weeks in 1969. During the first fourteen days after hospitalization the probabilities as cured were 2P0=0.6814 in 1967, 2P0=0.7056 in 1968 and 2P0=0.7352 in 1969, which showed the rate has been steadly increased.
Hospitalization* ; Human ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Models, Theoretical ; Probability

Herpes simplex virus keratits(HSK) is one of the most common external eye diseases that cause corneal blindness, Therefore early diagnosis and proper treatment of HSK are essential. However it is frequently misdiagnosed because it shows non-specific corneal lesion than other infectious corneal disease. And also diagnosis of HSK mostly rely on clinical examination and patient history. We evaluated suspicious HSK patients by indirect immunofluofluorescent(IF) antibody test and analyzed its efficacy in the early diagnosis of HSK. Among 47 patients(47 eyes), 37 patients were suspicious heretic keratitis and others not. Dendritic keratitis patients existed in 17 out of 37 patients and they were evaluated with virus culture and indirect IF test. The result of indirect IF test was confirmed under the immunofluorescent microscope and for virus culture the specimens were inoculated on Vero cells(monkey kidney cells). The positive results of indirect IF test was 28 out of 37 suspicious HSK patients and 1 out of 10 non-suspicious HSK patients. Dendritic HSK patients showed IF positive in 15 out of 17 patients(82.3%). Sensitivity of indirect IF test in suspicious HSK patients was 75.7%(2837) and 88.2%(15/17) in dendritic HSK patients. Indirect IF test was all positive(14/14) in dendritic HSK patients that showed culture positive. From these results, indirect IF test has a high sensitivity in early diagnosis of HSK and might be ussful as a rapid diagnostic tool in HSK patients.
Blindness ; Corneal Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Eye Diseases ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratitis, Dendritic ; Keratitis, Herpetic* ; Kidney ; Simplexvirus

In evaluating the early state of shock patients and their response to treatment, generally vital signs or additional hemodynamic values were used. Vital signs are easily obtained and repetitious values or continous monitoring is possible, whereas it cannot evaluate the patient's status properly nor is it a good prognostic factor. Meanwhile, additional hemodynamic values are obtained from pulmonary artery catheterization. But this procedure is difficult to proceed in the emergency room. Since central venous oxygen saturation has the advantage of being easily obtained and acts as a good prognostic factor for shock patients, we intended to prove its efficacy. From 1997 May to October, 50 patients admitted to Yonsei University Young Dong Severance Hospital in shock state, with systolic blood pressure below 90mmHg, were evaluated. Central venous catheter was inserted to obtain central venous oxygen saturation, serum lactate, base excess value, and its' initial value compared with the prognosis. The central venous oxygen saturation and base excess were low, while serum lactate value was high in the nonsurvival group. And in ROC(relative operating characteristic) curve, the AUC(area under curve) of central venous oxygen saturation was larger than the others. In comparing the MOF(multi-organ failure) group with the non-MOF group, the MOF group had a lower central venous oxygen saturation and base excess, and a higher serum lactate level, whereas in ROC curve, the AUC of base excess was larger than the others. Therefore, in estimating the prognosis of shock patients, the early central venous oxygen saturation proved to be a good prognostic factor.
Area Under Curve ; Blood Pressure ; Catheterization, Swan-Ganz ; Central Venous Catheters ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Oxygen* ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Shock* ; Vital Signs

The femoral neck in children is dense and is small in diameter and its periosteum is thicker and stronger than that of an adult. Thus, fractures of the femoral neck in children, unlike the 60-year-old woman, are rare and usually require severe violence and this accounts for the high frequency of associated injuries. Since these fractures are rare and the femoral neck in children has many anatomic and physiologic differences, we have to consider some factors that work against treatment of these fractures. Twenty seven cases of fractures of the femoral neck in children which were treated at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Mediicne from Jan. 1971 to Dec. 1980 were analyzed both clinically and radiologically and the following results were obtained. 1. Among the 27 patients, the ratio of boys and girls was 2:1 and the highest incidence was between the ages of 3 and 5 years. 2. The main course of fractures was traffic accidents, 14 cases (51.9%) and the other causes were falling from a height (37.0%) and a few cases of a slip and a fall. 3. According to the classification of Delbet and Colonna, the cervico-trochanteric fracture (40.8%) was the commonest type and 13 cases (48.1%) were displaced fractures. 4. Common associated injuries were pelvic bone fractures, skull fractures, cerebral concussion and soft tissue injuries. 5. Fifteen cases (55.6%) were treated by conservative treatment and ten cases (37.0%) by closed reduction & internal fixation. 6. 23 of the 27 cases were followed for from 6 months to 10 years, average 19 months. The results were analyzed according to Ratliffs assessment and 14 cases (60.9%) showed good results. 7. Total cases with complications were 14 (60.9%), the commonest complication being coxa vara (40.8%) and the other main complications being premature epiphyseal closure (39.1%) and avascular necrosis (30.1%). 8. Secondary treatment was done in 6 cases and correction osteotomy was done in 4 cases which had showed a poor result. 9. Finally, factors affecting results were type of fracture, degree of displacement, maintenance of reduction, interval between injury and treatment, complications and patients age. 10. The authors recommend closed reduction and internal fixation with some threaded pins for all type II and type III fractures.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Brain Concussion ; Child ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Coxa Vara ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Osteotomy ; Pelvic Bones ; Periosteum ; Skull Fractures ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Violence

No abstract available.
Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis ; Vancomycin

No abstract available.
Anal Canal ; Buttocks ; Mucins ; Nevus

No abstract available.
Adenoids ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Lip