In this study, the number of physicians presently living in Korea thoroughly estimated by several means and, on this bases, their productivity and level of supply were estimated. The results were as follows : First, the number of physicians who did not notify the Korea Medical Association in May 1987 were 10,110, including 4,093 emigrant physicians(40.5%), 861 military medical officers, 745 public health doctors, and 107 decreased physicians. A total of 1,330 physicians could not be identified by any effort. Second, among the 34,897 registered physicians as of May 1987, 29,933(85.8%) were residing in Korea, 4,115 physicians(11.8%) had emigrated to other countries, and 849 physicians(2.4%) were decreased. Practicing physicians defined as those in Korea who were not retired, serving in the military, or completing residencies or internships, comprised 78.6%(27,414 physicians) of the total number of registered physicians. Third, it is estimated that in the year 2000 the number of registered physicians, physicians residing in Korea, and practicing physician will be 75,040, 64,038 and 57,655, respectively and these are increases of 115.0%, 113,9%, and 110.3%, respectively, compared to 1987. Fourth, the population physician ratio will be 759 to one physician in the year 2000. Fifth, the productivity of physicians, as calculated by relative values defining the productivity of 35 to 44 year-old male physicians as 10, will increase 110.7% in the year 2000 compare to that of 1987, and this increment is almost the same level as that of physicians supply. From the results of the present analysis of physicians manpower and supply projection, it can be recognized that the development of a regular notification system is necessary in order to identify precisely the number of physicians. Also a policy a physician supply is essential in order to adjust in advance the number of physicians, otherwise there will be surplus to the medical demand.
Adult ; Efficiency ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Korea* ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Public Health

No abstract available.
Barium* ; Intussusception*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries* ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve*

BACKGROUND: The most crucial factor in hair transplantation for male pattern baldness (MPB) patients is the efficient utilization of the donor-recipient ratio. However, there is no known factor that scientifically predicts the rate of progression of alopecia or indicates a permanently safe donor area. METHODS: The study considered 1,008 Korean adult males with MPB; of these, it excluded 56 males with an absence of parietal whorls (PWs). The authors investigated the distance from the vertical bimeatal line (VM) to the PW, from the PW to the upper border of the helical rim (HR), and the distance from the PW to the occipital fringe (OF) in 952 subjects with a PW. Furthermore, we examined the distance from the PW to the OF considering the duration of alopecia and age in 322 subjects with vertex alopecia. RESULTS: The distance between the VM and PW varied from 1.5 to 11 cm, with an average distance of 6.25 cm. The PW-HR distance ranged from 3.4 to 17.5 cm, and the average distance was 7.79 cm. The PW-OF distance ranged from 0.5 to 5.5 cm, and the average distance was 2.37 cm. CONCLUSIONS: For the PW, very large variations existed in the vertical direction. The position of the PW could predict the progression range of the total alopecia of the vertex. Alopecia mostly progresses within 6 cm of the PW toward the occipital side.
Adult ; Alopecia* ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Male ; Rabeprazole* ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplant Donor Site

No abstract available.
Arnold-Chiari Malformation*

Background: This study aimed to investigate trends in the prevalence of current smokers and motivation to quit among Korean male cancer survivors. Methods: Out of 20,012 men who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010–2012), VI (2013–2015), and VII (2016–2017), 742 cancer survivors were included. A cancer survivor was defined as a person who concurred to the item, “The cancer has been diagnosed by a doctor” in the health questionnaire. Smoking status was classified as current, former, and never smokers. Regarding motivation to quit smoking, we defined those who had a willingness to quit within 6 months as the willing group. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine trends in the prevalence of current smokers and the proportion of the willing group among current smokers. Results: Overall, 3.7% of Korean men who participated in the study were cancer survivors. Current smokers constituted 19.5%, 19.1%, and 15.3% of cancer survivors in phases V, VI, and VII respectively which did not show significant changes (P for trend=0.33). However, the proportion of current smokers in the non-cancer group was significantly reduced to 46.6%, 41.2%, and 38.9% in phases V, VI, and VII, respectively (P for trend <0.001). The proportion of those with a motivation to quit smoking did not show a significant trend in the cancer survivors (P for trend=0.964) and non-cancer group (P for trend=0.884). Conclusion Prevalence of current smokers and motivation to quit in Korean male cancer survivors did not show significant trends.

Background: This study aimed to investigate trends in the prevalence of current smokers and motivation to quit among Korean male cancer survivors. Methods: Out of 20,012 men who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010–2012), VI (2013–2015), and VII (2016–2017), 742 cancer survivors were included. A cancer survivor was defined as a person who concurred to the item, “The cancer has been diagnosed by a doctor” in the health questionnaire. Smoking status was classified as current, former, and never smokers. Regarding motivation to quit smoking, we defined those who had a willingness to quit within 6 months as the willing group. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine trends in the prevalence of current smokers and the proportion of the willing group among current smokers. Results: Overall, 3.7% of Korean men who participated in the study were cancer survivors. Current smokers constituted 19.5%, 19.1%, and 15.3% of cancer survivors in phases V, VI, and VII respectively which did not show significant changes (P for trend=0.33). However, the proportion of current smokers in the non-cancer group was significantly reduced to 46.6%, 41.2%, and 38.9% in phases V, VI, and VII, respectively (P for trend <0.001). The proportion of those with a motivation to quit smoking did not show a significant trend in the cancer survivors (P for trend=0.964) and non-cancer group (P for trend=0.884). Conclusion Prevalence of current smokers and motivation to quit in Korean male cancer survivors did not show significant trends.

It is known that physicochemical conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, and ionic strength) affect the size of trichomonads. In this study, the sizes of 4 isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis cultured for more than a year (called "old T") and 3 isolates freshly isolated from vaginitis cases (called "fresh T") were compared by scanning electron microscopy. Although the fresh T had shorter body length, body width, and flagellar length than old T, total length (about 26 microm), including body length, flagella length, and axostyle length was almost the same in the 2 groups. A striking difference was observed between the axostyles of the 2 groups; the axostyle length of the fresh T (8.2 microm) was more than twice as long as that of the old T (4.0 microm). However, in several parasitology textbooks, the length of T. vaginalis is said to vary widely from 7 to 32 microm, and its undulating membrane is said to extend about half way (53.5%) to the posterior end of the body. On the other hand, in our study, the undulating membrane was observed to extend more than 3/4 of the body length (72.1%) in old T, whereas in fresh T it could not be measured. Taken together, we suggest that T. vaginalis averages 26 (21-32) microm in total length, with 9.5 (7.4-11.4) microm of body length and 6.8 (5.3-7.7) microm of width, and its undulating membrane extending 3/4 of its body length. Therefore, these findings may provide useful information for morphological characteristics of T. vaginalis.
*Biometry ; Female ; Humans ; *Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Trichomonas Infections/parasitology ; Trichomonas vaginalis/*cytology/isolation & purification/*ultrastructure

PURPOSE: The prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) are well known. However, the knowledge about the behavior of the nodal and metastatic involvement is still lacking. We analyzed the prognostic factors and survival for patients with various statuses of RCCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 1,140 patients who had RCC between 1989 and 2005. The patients with multifocal and/or cystic RCCs, bilateral RCCs, RCCs related to ESRD and von Hippel-Lindau disease or the patients who didn't undergo lymph node dissection were excluded. The patients were divided into 4 groups; the TxN0M0(473 patients), TxN1-2M0(31), TxN0M1(47) and TxN1-2M1(21) groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify the prognostic factors(age, the mean tumor size, the pT stage, the histological type, the nuclear grade and the presence of symptoms). The five- year cancer-specific survival(CSS) also was calculated. RESULTS: The five-year CSS for each group was 90.5%, 62.8%, 38.8% and 17.9%, respectively. For the TxN0M0 group, every prognostic factor had a significant impact on survival on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis subsequently showed that the pT stage, the histological type and the nuclear grade were independent prognostic factors. For the TxN1-2M0 group, the histological type was a significant prognostic factor. Age and the pT stage were independent prognostic factors for the TxN0M1 group and the presence of symptoms was an independent prognostic factor for the TxN1-2M1 group. CONCLUSIONS: The survival was the highest for the TxN0M0 group and it was the lowest for the TxN1-2M1 group. The survival for the TxN1-2M0 group was better than that for the TxN0M1 group. These results obtained by analyzing the prognostic factors and the five-year CSS according to the various nodal and metastatic statuses of RCC patients will provided crucial information to predict clinical progression and the survival outcomes.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease