Ninety-three dry mandibles in Korean adults were radiographed and fifty-two hemimandibles were sectioned in an attempt to analyze the intramandibular courses of the mandibular canal and the internal structure of the mandibles. On radiographs, the intramandibular course of the mandibular canals was most in which located in the middle portion of the mandible, the shape of the mandibular canals was almost round and the average diameter of the mandibular canals was 2.0 +/- 0.4mm, encapsulated by thin cortical plates of 0.5mm thickness on sectioned specimens. In regard of facio-lingual relation, the prevalence of pattern which the mandibular canal ran nearly to the lingual cortical plate, and turned abruptly towards the buccal side was 70% of observed specimens. According to superior-inferior relation, the prevalence in which mandibular canals ran inferiorly, anteriorly and then, had an angle superiorly in the second mandibular molar region was 39.0%. Taken all together, in most of the case, the anterior border of the mandibular canal is located around the premolar region, and the mental foramen is opened nearly the second premolar. Therefore, it may be suggested that osteotomy has to be taken at the anterior place next to the canine region, at the 2.4mm below to the mental foramen on genioplasty.
Adult ; Bicuspid ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Mandible ; Molar ; Osteotomy ; Prevalence ; Radiography

Twenty-four hands of eighteen patients of carpal tunnel syndrome were treated with two or times injection of 5 mg dexamethasone and three weeks splinting at the department of orthopedic surgery, Korea University Hospital From Jan. 1980 to Feb.1985. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Physical findings consisted of sensory disturbances in sixteen hands, positive Tinel sign in thirteen, positive Phalen test in eighteen and thenar atrophy in eight. 2. On electromyographic study, delay of motor conduction velocity of the median nerve was noted in twelve cases and sensory nerve velocity in fifteen. 3. Fifteen patients(eighteen cases) were followed up from 6 months to 30 months. Twelve cases(60%) were improved and three cases were recurred.
Atrophy ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Clinical Study ; Dexamethasone ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Median Nerve ; Orthopedics ; Splints

A reproducible noninvasive technique for measuring right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was developed using first pass quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography. Tests were carried out in the right anterior oblique position with a computerized multicrystal scintillation camera with high count rate capabilities. RVEF was calculated on beat to beat basis from the high frequency components of the background-corrected right ventricular time-activity curve. The following results were obtained; 1) In 10 normal adults, RVEF averaged 50.9+/-8.2. In 20 patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD), RVEF was 37.9+/-6.1% and significantly lower than that of normal persons(P<0.005). 2) There was meaningful correlation between RVEF and forced expiratory volume (FEVI) in patients with COPD (r=0.51). And there was significant difference of RVEF between 13 patients with FEVI less than IL/min (6 patients with right ventricular failure, 7 patients with patients without that) and 7 patients with FEVI IL/min or more (35.7+/-6.0%, 42.1+/-3.2% respectively. P<0.005). 3) All 6 patients with clinical manifestation of right heart failure had abnormal RVEF and had FEVI less than IL/min, which was significantly lower than that of 14 patients without clinical manifestation of right heart failure (33.6+/-4.8%, 39.8+/-5.6%, respectively. P<0.005). 4) In 14 patients without clinical manifestation of right heart failure, 11 patients among whom 7 patients had FEVI less than IL/min, had abnormal RVEF.
Adult ; Angiocardiography ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Gamma Cameras ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Obstructive* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Radionuclide Ventriculography* ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function, Right*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Female ; Menstrual Cycle* ; Mice* ; Zygote*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to find out whether there are relationships among anatomic characteristics of inferior oblique muscle insertion, corneal diameter, axial length and inferior oblique recession landmark. METHODS: Thirty-one Korean cadaver orbits were dissected to expose the full length of extraocular muscles and sclera, and then we measured the length from the recession landmark of inferior oblique to the lateral edge of insertion of inferior rectus and to the inferior edge of insertion of lateral rectus. RESULTS: The mean of angles between the inferior oblique muscle insertion and lateral rectus direction is 27.9+/-9.0degrees and the range is from 15 degrees to 50 degrees . There is a statistically significant correlation between cord length of 8 mm recession landmark of inferior oblique and angles of inferior oblique insertion with lateral rectus direction. We divided the shapes of inferior oblique insertion into straight and convexed curves. Twelve insertions are straight and thirteen insertions are curved. There is no statistically significant correlation between shape of inferior oblique insertion and cord length from recession landmark. In corneal diameter and axial length, we found correlations with cord length of 8 mm and 10 mm recession landmark of inferior oblique. CONCLUSIONS: We conclud that there are some correlations among anatomic characteristics, axial length and corneal diameter with recession landmark of inferior oblique.
Cadaver ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Sclera

No abstract available.
Humans

Transscleral and transpupillary diode lasers are methods of cyclophotocoagulation used to lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production through ciliary ablation. When compared with the neodymium[Nd]-YAG, the diode laser has characteristics of lower transmission rate through the sclera and more absorption by pigment or melanin in the ciliary body, therefore the transpupillary method might be more effective in Asians who have greater ciliary body pigmentation than caucasian. We compared the efficacy of diode laser transpupillary and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation on lowering of the intraocular pressure in Asian patients. We performed transpupillary[group 2, n=9]and transscleral [group 1, n=21]diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in medically uncontrolled glaucoma patients. Preoperative mean intraocular pressures were 35.0 +/-13.1 millimeters of mercury[group 1]and 31.8 +/-9.8 millimeters of mercury[group 2], respectively. Postoperative mean pressure were 23.0 +/-14.8 millimeters of mercury[group 1]and 24.8 +/-9.9 millimeters of mercury [group 2], respectively. The intraocular pressure decreased in both groups[p=0.002 group 1, p=0.025 group 2]with statistical significance. Complications were phthisis, bullous keratopathy[group 1]and corneal edema[group 2]. Both transscleral and transpupillary diode laser cyclophoto-coagulation may be performed safely to decrease intraocular pressure. Retrospective studies and long term follow up are further needed to determine the safety of laser cyclophotocoagulation.
Absorption ; Aqueous Humor ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Ciliary Body ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Melanins ; Pigmentation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclera

BACKGROUND: Funnel chest is one of the most common anomaly of chest wall, which is manifested by depression of sternum and costal cartilage. Popular operative methods were Ravitch operation and Wada operation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From 1983 to 1996, 21 cases of funnel chest were corrected surgically in the department of thoracic surgery, National Medical Center. Investigated age and sex distribution, combined anomaly,clinical symptom, degree of correction and complication, postoperative satisfaction. We used 2 different surgical methods, one was Wada & its variants(17 cases), the other was Ravitch and it variants(4 cases). Most of operative indications were cosmetic problems. RESULT: The pre-operative Welch index was 4.188, but this index decreased to 3.46 after the operations.(p=0.046) The degree of correction was higher in Wada & it variant operation than the modified Ravitch operation.(p=0.54) Their results were satisfactory in 20 patients, while unsatisfactory in 1 patient because of a k-wire fracture. There was no recurrence of chest wall depression or postoperative death during the OPD follow up period. CONCLUSION: We recommend Wada operation in symmetric and small degree of depressive chest wall deformity in preand post school age.
Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Funnel Chest* ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Sex Distribution ; Sternum ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thoracic Wall

A number of noninvasive technics have been advocated as reflecting left ventricular performance. These methods include systolic time intervals, echocardiography and imaging of the left ventricular chamber with radionuclides during systole and diastole. Radionuclide evaluation of left ventricular function by means of the gamma camera and gating currently appears to be the most reliable noninvasive method for approximating angiographic evaluation of left ventricular performance. Utilizing the radionuclide angiography, we measured the left ventricular function in 19 normal healthy control, 60 patients with coronary artery diseases 7 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, 5 patients with hypertension. 1) Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased in 12 patients with anterior myocardial infarction (39.9+/-11.6%), 17 patients with inferior myocardial infarction (49.9+/-8.4%) and 7 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (19.0+/-5.8%), and there was a statistically significant difference compared with 19 normal control group (63.5+/-8.2%)(p<0.005). However there were no statistically significant difference between normal control group, patients with hypertension (58.8+/-7.6%) and patients with angina pectoris (60.1+/-6.5%). 2) Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased in both anterior and inferior myocardial infarction, and there was a statisically significant difference between both groups (p<0.01). All 13 patients with acute myocardial infarction had abnormal LVEF (40.5+/-9.1%) whcih was significantly lower than that of 16 patients with old myolardial infarction (50.1+/-10.5%)(p<0.01).
Angina Pectoris ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diastole ; Echocardiography ; Gamma Cameras ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Radioisotopes ; Radionuclide Angiography* ; Stroke Volume ; Systole ; Ventricular Function, Left*

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of primary bipolar arthroplasty during average 9.8-year period, using a non-cemented Multilock femoral stem and a biarticular acetabular cup. Materials and Methods: This study included 24 patients (29 hips) who underwent primary bipolar hemiarthroplasties with Multilock femoral stems and biarticular cups and who could be followed for more than seven years. Clinically, we evaluated the Harris Hip scores and patient complaints of thigh and inguinal pain. We also evaluated the radiographic measurements around the femoral stems and the bipolar cups. Results: The average Harris Hip score improved from 57.4 points to 91.6 points; and 3 (10.3%) hips were associated with thigh pain and 4 (13.8%) hips with inguinal pain. Around the femoral stem there was a non-progressive radiolucent line less than 1 mm in length in 4 (13.8%) hips and osteolysis was present in 6 (20.6%) hips. With respect to the stability of the fixations, there was osseous ingrowth in 26 (89.7%) hips and fibrous ingrowth in 3 (10.3%) hips. Around the acetabulum there was osteolysis in 5 (17.2%) hips, proximal migration of the cup in 2 (6.9%) hips, and erosion of the acetabular cartilage in 10 (34.5%) hips. There were 3 (10.3%) biarticular cups, which were converted to total hip arthroplasties, but no femoral stems were revised. The overall failure rate of the primary operations was 10.3%. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated favorable results after bipolar hemiarthroplasties with Multilock femoral stems. However, the osteolysis that occurred around the femoral stems and the acetabula emerged as a problem after the total hip arthroplasties. In particular, it is expected that the osteolysis would increase over time and become the main cause for the need for surgical revision.
Acetabulum ; Arthroplasty ; Cartilage ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemiarthroplasty* ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Reoperation ; Thigh