No abstract available.
Diabetic Foot*

Purpose: Bladder capacity is an important parameter in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunction. We aimed to determine whether the maximum bladder capacity (MCC) measured during a urodynamic study was affected by involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC) in patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: Between March 2020 and April 2021, we obtained maximum voided volume (MVV) from a 3-day frequency-volume chart, MCC during filling cystometry, and maximum anesthetic bladder capacity (MABC) during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate under spinal or general anesthesia in 139 men with LUTS/BPH aged >50 years. Patients were divided according to the presence of IDC during filling cystometry. We assumed that the MABC is close to the true value of the MCC, as it is measured under the condition of minimizing neural influence over the bladder. Results: There was no difference in demographic and clinical characteristics between the non-IDC (n=20) and IDC groups (n=119) (mean age, 71.5±7.4) (P>0.05). The non-IDC group had greater bladder volume to feel the first sensation, first desire, and strong desire than the IDC group (P<0.001). In all patients, MABC and MVV were correlated (r=0.41, P<0.001); however, there was no correlation between MCC and MABC (r=0.19, P=0.02). There was no significant difference in MABC between the non-IDC and IDC groups (P=0.19), but MVV and MCC were significantly greater in the non-IDC group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between MABC and MVV (MABC-MVV, P=0.54; MVV/MABC, P=0.07), but there was a significant difference between MABC and MCC between the non-IDC and IDC groups (MABC-MCC, P<0.001; MCC/MABC, P<0.001). Conclusions Maximum bladder capacity from a urodynamic study does not represent true bladder capacity because of involuntary contractions.

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the beam quality of intraoral X-ray equipments used at Yonsei University Dental Hospital(YUDH) using the half value layer(HVL) and the characteristic curve of intraoral standard X-ray film. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was done using the intraoral X-ray equipments used at each clinical department at YUDH. Aluminum filter was used to determine the HVL. Intraoral standard film was used to get the characteristic curve of each intraoral X-ray equipment. RESULTS: Most of the HVLs of intraoral X-ray equipments were higher than the least recommended thickness, but the REX 601 model used at the operative dentistry department and the X-707 model used at the pediatric dentistry department had HVLs lower than the recommended thickness. The slopes of the characteristic curves of films taken using the PANPAS 601 model and REX 601 model at operative dentistry department, the X-70S model of prosthodontic dentistry department, and the REX 601 model at the student clinic were relatively low. CONCLUSION: HVL and the characteristic curve of X-ray film can be used to evaluate the beam quality of intraoral X-ray equipment. In order to get the best X-ray films with the least radiation exposure to patients and best diagnostic information in clinical dentistry, X-ray equipment should be managed in the planned and organized fashion.
Aluminum ; Dentistry ; Dentistry, Operative ; Humans ; Pediatric Dentistry ; Prosthodontics ; X-Ray Film

Most common diseases are caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Among the genetic factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are common DNA sequence variations in individuals and can serve as important genetic markers. Recently, investigations of gene-based and whole genome-based SNPs have been applied to association studies for marker discovery. However, SNPs are so population-specific that the association needs to be verified. Fifty-five genes and 384 SNPs were selected based on association with disease. Genotypes of 337 SNPs in candidate genes were determined using Illumina Sentrix Array Matrix (SAM) chips by an allelespecific extension method in 364 unrelated Korean individuals. Allelic frequencies of SNPs were compared with those of other populations obtained from the International HapMap database. Minor allele frequencies, linkage disequilibrium blocks, tagSNPs, and haplotypes of functional candidate SNPs in 55 genetic disease-associated genes were provided. Our data may provide useful information for the selection of genetic markers for genebased genetic disease-association studies of the Korean population.
Base Sequence ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; HapMap Project ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*

The coronary arteriovenous fistula (CAVF) is a rare congenital anomaly but constitutes the most common hemodynamically significant coronary artery anomaly. Transcatheter embolization is as an effective alternative to surgery even though procedure may be complicated by migration of the coil into peripheral vessels or pulmonary arteries. To our knowledge, the association of CAVF with Turner syndrome was not reported. We report a case of successful coil embolization of CAVF using a complex, helical-fibered platinum coil in patient with Turner phenotype with 46,XX.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Coronary Vessels ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Humans ; Phenotype* ; Platinum ; Pulmonary Artery ; Turner Syndrome

BACKGROUND: In 2001, the third report the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) has concluded that LDL cholesterol levels should be a major goal for preventing coronary artery disease and atherosclerotic events. Those in the higher risk groups should then have lipoprotein analysis to determine LDL cholesterol levels. LDL cholesterol has traditionally been estimated by the Friedwald forrmula : LDL-C=total cholesterol-[high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)+trigryceride/5]. However, when trigryceride level is >400 mg/dL, this formula is inaccurate. Therefore, We have compared the direct LDL cholesterol immunoseparation method with Friedwald formula from both normotriglyceridemic (triglyceride400 mg/dL). METHODS: The direct LDL cholesterol immunoseparation method was performed on 53 sera with triglyceride levels 61 to 1,684 mg/dL (classified as400 mg/dL : 31). Total cholesterol was measured enzymatic colorimetry. HDL cholesterol was measured in the supernatant after precipitating LDL by HDL cholesterol precipitating reagent containing dextran sulfate and magnesium chloride for serum. Direct LDL cholesterol was measured by immunoseparation method (Sigma Diagnostics, St Louis, Mo) that is based on selective absorption of HDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol by polystylene beads coated with goat polyclonal antibodies to human apolipoproteins. The cholesterol was measured by an enzamatic method on Hitachi 747. The linear regression and paird t-test were performed to evaluate the differences of data from Immunoseparation method and Friedwald formula. RESULTS: In triglyceride400 mg/dL, the LDL cholesterol value obtained by the direct LDL-C assay on the 31 frozen sera studied was significantly different from that of Friedwald formula (103+/-38.4; 50.4+/-56.2 mg/dL). Therefore, Friedwald formula is unreliable in triglyceride>400 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: Guidelines for treatment decisions, including diet and drug initiation, and therapeutic goals for high risk groups are based entirely on the LDL cholesterol level. At triglyceride levels >400 mg/dL, Friedwald fomula is inaccurate. Immunoseparation method is more rapid, higher specific, precise and helps monitor LDL lowering drugs and diets in triglyceride level>400 mg/dL.
Absorption ; Antibodies ; Apolipoproteins ; Cholesterol* ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cholesterol, VLDL ; Colorimetry ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Dextran Sulfate ; Diet ; Education ; Goats ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Lipoproteins* ; Magnesium Chloride ; Triglycerides

Sarcocystis spp is a causative agent of sarcocystosis. They have a characteristic life cycle infecting both prey and predator. Sarcocystis can cause myositis, atrophy of the adjacent cells and abortion in cattle. In mice, sarcocystosis causes mild cellular reactions without clinical disease. Severe haemorrhage and abortion were also reported. For monitoring the disease in wild rodents of the Korean peninsula, we captured Apodemus agrarius chejuensis on Jeju island and examined the specimen histopathologically. Intramuscular cysts were found and diagnosed as Sarcocystis. Sarcocystic infection has been reported in worldwide. There have been many reported infections in cattle and pigs in Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Sarcocystis in Apodemus agrarius chejuensis captured in Korea.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Cattle ; Korea ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mice ; Murinae ; Myositis ; Rodentia ; Sarcocystis ; Sarcocystosis ; Swine

Adiaspiromycosis is caused by pulmonary infection with Emmonsia. Inhalated spores of Emmonsia cause asymptomatic infection to necrogranulomatous pneumonia, depending on the burden of adiaspore and host immunity. For disease monitoring of wild rodents captured on Jeju Island in Korea, we examined the lung tissue of wild rodents histopathologically. Spores composed of thick three-layered walls were found following histopathological examination and were diagnosed as adiaspiromycosis. Adiaspiromycosis has been found in mammals in many parts of the world. To our knowledge, this is the first report of adiaspiromycosis of an Apodemus agrarius captured in Korea.
Animals ; Asymptomatic Infections ; Chrysosporium ; Korea ; Lung ; Mammals ; Murinae ; Pneumonia ; Rodentia ; Spores

The importance of quality control for dramatically growing genetic tests continues to be emphasized with increasing clinical demands. Diagnostic genetics subcommitee of KSQACP performed two trials for cytogenetic study in 2007. Cytogenetic surveys were performed by 42 laboratories and answered correctly in most laboratories except some problems in karyotype nomenclature and the detection of complex cytogenetic abnormalities in hematologic neoplasias. The molecular genetics surveys included many kinds of tests: M. tuberculosis detection, hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) detection and quantification, human papilloma virus (HPV) genotyping, gene rearrangement tests for leukemias and lymphomas, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotyping, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2), and genetic tests for hereditary conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Huntington disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, spinal muscular atrophy, and Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome. Molecular genetic surveys showed excellent results in most of participants. External quality assessment program for genetic analysis in 2007 was proved to be helpful in continuous education and evaluation of quality improvement.
Apolipoproteins ; Breast ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Gene Rearrangement ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Huntington Disease ; Karyotype ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Molecular Biology ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Papilloma ; Quality Control ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias ; Tuberculosis ; Viruses

The importance of quality control for dramatically growing genetic tests continues to be emphasized with increasing clinical demands. Diagnostic genetics subcommitee of KSQACP performed two trials for cytogenetic study in 2007. Cytogenetic surveys were performed by 42 laboratories and answered correctly in most laboratories except some problems in karyotype nomenclature and the detection of complex cytogenetic abnormalities in hematologic neoplasias. The molecular genetics surveys included many kinds of tests: M. tuberculosis detection, hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) detection and quantification, human papilloma virus (HPV) genotyping, gene rearrangement tests for leukemias and lymphomas, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotyping, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2), and genetic tests for hereditary conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Huntington disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, spinal muscular atrophy, and Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome. Molecular genetic surveys showed excellent results in most of participants. External quality assessment program for genetic analysis in 2007 was proved to be helpful in continuous education and evaluation of quality improvement.
Apolipoproteins ; Breast ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Gene Rearrangement ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Huntington Disease ; Karyotype ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Molecular Biology ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Papilloma ; Quality Control ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias ; Tuberculosis ; Viruses