No abstract available.
Plastics* ; Rhinoplasty*

No abstract available.
Dislocations*

The fluoxetine is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs for the treatment of depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). This has been know as one of the most safest medication. But since the advent of this drug, there have been several reports of side effects-the mania and suicidal ideation-encountered during coadministration of fluoxetine with or without other psychotropic drugs. We experienced a case of 20 years old male OCD patient who developed into abrupt manic state and also was preoccupied with intense suicidal ideation following fluoxetine use. He was a only child in his family and his father had a history of alcoholism about 15 years ago. Our patient's obsessive-compulsive symptoms have been occured since puberty. His OCD symptoms and anxiety were aggravated since joining the army. Beside these facts, we could not find any other psychiatric history such as depressive disoder and bipolar disorder. We used the fluoxetine starting dosage of 20mg and increased to 40mg at second week. About 3 weeks after the treatment, he developed sudden manic symptom and more aggravated suicidal ideation without any OCD symptoms. He felt vitalized and energetic without having enough sleep and food. These symptoms were ceased over two weeks by stopping medication. Up to this point, the reason why fluoxetine induces mania and suicidal preoccupation is unclear. But somehow the fluoxetine has effects on serotonin receptor and serotonin-dopamine regulations, thus we could make an assumption that fluoxetine can induce mania, extrapyramidal symptoms(EPS) and suicidal ideation in some part of the serotonin unbalanced patients. We think this would be the first report to remark on fluoxetine's suicidal and manic side effects in Korea. So here we present the case with the summary of reviewed articles.
Adolescent ; Alcoholism ; Anxiety ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Depression ; Fathers ; Fluoxetine ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Only Child ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Puberty ; Serotonin ; Social Control, Formal ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Benztropine* ; Haloperidol* ; Saliva*

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is associated with a characteristic neuropathology. The major hallmarks of AD are senile plaques(SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs). beta-amyloid protein(Abeta) is derived from the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein(APP) and then converted to SPs. Mature SPs produce cytotoxicity through direct toxic effects and activation of microglia and complement. NFTs are composed of paired helical filaments(PHFs) including abnormally phosphorylated form of the microtubule-associated protein(MAP) tau and increased tau level in cerebrospinal fluid may be observed in most AD. The aggregation of Abeta and tau formation are thought to be a final common pathway of AD. Acetycholine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA and their receptors are associated with AD. Especially, decreased nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs) in AD are reported. Genetic lesions associated with AD are mutations in the structural genes for the APP located on chromosome 21, presenilin(PSN)1 located on chromosome 14 and PSN2 located on chromosome 1. Also, trisomy 21, Apo-E gene located on chromosome 19, PMF locus, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and alpha-macroglobulin increase risk of AD. In this article, we will review about the neurobioloby of AD and some newly developed research areas.
Acetylcholine ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Amyloid ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Apolipoproteins E ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Complement System Proteins ; Dopamine ; Down Syndrome ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Genetics ; Lipoproteins ; Microglia ; Neurobiology* ; Proteolysis ; Serotonin

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic bone disorder, is a condition of reduced bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem and a significant cause of morbidity in postmenopausal women. Therefore family physicians as primary care physicians are in a key position for preventing and treating this disorder. So we studied the factors affecting to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 136 spontaneous postmenopausal women were participated in the study. They have measured spinal bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry from January 1992 to June 1995 at Yeungnam University Hospital. Age, height, weight, age at menarche and menopause, number of child and breast feeding child, history of oral pill ingestion, family history of osteoporosis, amount of milk and coffee ingestion, consumption of tobacco and alcohol and physical activity were assessed by qustionnaire and medical records. RESULTS: physical activity and weight were significant contributors. Physical activity is most the largest contributor. CONCLUSIONS: Among factors affecting to BMD in postmenopausal women, physical activity and weight were more important factors. Therefore continuous physical activity is significant factor to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density* ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Coffee ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Motor Activity ; Osteoporosis ; Physicians, Family ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Public Health ; Tobacco

No abstract available.
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary*

No abstract available.
Aspergillosis* ; Mastoid*

A 52-year-old man with multiple myeloma developed cutaneous nodules while being treated with melphalan and prednisolone. A biopsy specimen showed dermal infiltration by well differentiated plasma cells similar to those found on bone marrow biopsy. The use of peroxidase anti-peroxidase to demonstrate the monoclonality or polyclonality of the cytomplasmic immunoglohulins in the tumor cells revealed a positivity for IgG and 1 chain (ie, monotypic staining). Ultrastructurally, each plasmacytoma cell contained varyting amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi-apparatus. The cutnneous nodules completely disappeared after radiotherapy
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Melphalan ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Peroxidase ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma* ; Prednisolone ; Radiotherapy

We report a case of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in a 40-year-old man. He has suffered from generalized pruritus for 10 years. Seven months ago, multiple nodules developed over the scalp, face, and thigh. The physical examination showed thickened dystrophic twenty nails with brownish discoloration and lichenified, eczematoid lesions over the trunk and extremities. The skin biopsy revealed diffuse, extensive infiltrates of atypical lymphoid cells in the dermis, which appeared as T lymphocytes by immuno-histochemistry; approximately 90% of the tumor cells were CD3-positive, 80% were CD4-positive, and 60% CD45RO-positive. Laboratory analyses in the peripheral bload showed 18% atypical lymphocytes (Sezary cell), an elevated LDH(746 U/liter), and abnormal lymphocyte subset proportions(ratio of Th/Ts is 4.08). A bone marrow puncture revealed the infiltrations of lymphoid cells and computed tamo-graphy showed no evidence of other organ involvement except the swelling of bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. Spontaneous partial regression of the tumors ensued on the way of oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids for the relief of the pruritus. The tumorous skin lesions and onychodystrophy disappeared completely with 6 cycles of systemic chemotherapy of CHOP(cyclophosphamide, doxoru-bicin, vincristine, and prednisone).
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Extremities ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous* ; Physical Examination ; Pruritus ; Punctures ; Scalp ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thigh ; Vincristine