BACKGROUND: With rapid growth in the number of older Koreans and prevalence of dementia, exercise has been emphasized as first, second and third prevention of dementia. A few study, however, investigate effects of detraining and retraining in demented elders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 24 week exercise followed by 12 week detraining and retraining on physical and cognitive function in demented seniors. METHODS: Thirty-five demented older adults were assigned into exercise and control group. Exercise group performed multi-component exercise, 2 times a week for 24 weeks. After 12 week detraining, subjects were retraining for 12 weeks. Subjects were tested four times on physiological variables, physical function and cognitive function. Ten subjects in exercise group and 6 subjects in control group were remained at final 48 week, and data from them were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant effects on physiological variable in both groups. However, 24 week exercise improved upper and lower body strength, flexibility, dynamic mobility and physical function. These effects, however, were significantly decreased in 12 week detraining period and increased again after 12 week retraining. There were significance group differences. Cognitive function was improved after 24 week exercise but decreased in detraining and retraining period and no significant difference between groups was shown. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that positive effects after exercise tend to be reduced once one stops exercise, and be improved again after retraining. Therefore, strategies to encourage demented elders to exercise are needed.
Adult ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Pliability ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVES: The sensitivity and accuracy of thermistor airflow signal has been debated. The purposes of this study were to compare apnea-hypopnea index(AHI) detected from a conventional thermistor signal and a nasal pressure transducer of airflow(NPT), to evaluate the value of NPT for the diagnosis of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), and to measure airway pressure fluctuations which produced respiratory arousals in UARS by naso-oro-esophageal manometer catheter. The subjects were 30 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [mild(540), 10), and 6 UARS patients. Airway resistance arousal in this study was defined as arousals which were not associated with apnea or hypopnea of thermistor signal, but showed significant decrease of nasal airflow pressure just before arousal and a prompt recovery of nasal airflow pressure after arousal, The airway pressure fluctuations were measured during 260 airway resistance arousals observed in 10 patients with OSAS, 2 with UARS. RESULTS: Mean AHIs of patients with OSAS were 33.4 by thermistor and 48.4 by NPT. The AHIs of mild, moderate and severe OSAS group were 10.2, 32.1, 65.4 respectively by thermistor and 23.1, 45.9, 76.4 by NPT. The mean AHI of patients with UARS was 3.2 by tehrmistor and 108 by NPT. The mean AHI of patients with nonspecific arousals was 2.7 by thermistor and 4.4 by NPT. The mean airway pressure changes during resiratory arousals of different groups were 8.7 cmH2O in mild OSAS, 11.4 cmH2O in moderate OSAS, 24.7 cmH2O in severs OSAS and 6.6 cmH2O in UARS. CONCLUSION: The nasal pressure transducer of airflow was more sensitive and accurate for assessing respiratory disturbances of patients with OSAS and was extremely helpful for the diagnosis of UARS without esophageal pressure monitoring. From the results, we would like to propose carefully the NPT diagnostic criteria for sleep disordered breathing as follows : NPT-AHI 5-15->UARS, 15-35->mild OSAS, 35-55->moderate OSAS and >55 ->severe OSAS.
Airway Resistance* ; Apnea ; Arousal ; Catheters ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Transducers, Pressure

A 63-year-old male patient with extensive carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder was found to have unsuspected transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. Mapping of the totally embedded radical cystectomy specimen demonstrated diffuse, multifocal, epithelial abnormalities, ranging from mucosal atypia to the nonpapillary carcinoma in situ with extension to the urethra, prostatic ducts and glands, seminal vesicles and ureter, probably reflecting individual urothelial susceptibility in reaction to carcinogenic stimulus. The importance of prostatic assessment in the evaluation of the patient with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder is emphasized.
Male ; Humans

We studied distribution of fibronectin in paraquat-induced adult fibrotic lung by indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase methods, using affinity-purified antifibronectin IgG peroxidase conjugates and antifibronectin IgG FITC conjugates. In contrast to the relative paucity of staining in normal lung, there was a marked increase in interstitial staining for fibronectin in this fibrotic lung. This marked alterations in the apparent amounts and distribution of fibronectin in fibrotic human lung suggest its involvement in the cellular events accompanying human lung fibrosis.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Baboon syndrome is used to denote a systemic allergic contact dermititis with a characteristic color and distribution pattern. It is also referred to as mercury exanthem, because inhalation of mercury vapor usually causes the skiri lesion in a sensitized person. Diffuse pi,ikish erythema of the buttock, upper inner thigh, and axilla are characteristic features. We report a case of baboon syndrome developed after exposure to the smoke of a burning amulete a charm written on a piece of paper in a 12 year-old female. Mercury sensitivity was confirrned by a patch test. Atomic absorption by a spectrographic method and Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive for analysis X-ray detected mercury in the urine and the ed scraped pigments from the amulet, respectively.
Absorption ; Axilla ; Burns ; Buttocks ; Child ; Erythema ; Exanthema ; Female ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Papio* ; Patch Tests ; Smoke* ; Thigh

No abstract available.
Moyamoya Disease*

No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Atresia*

No abstract available.
Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Heart* ; Potassium* ; Thoracic Surgery*

A case of pulsating exophthalmos is reported in a 50 years old Korean Woman. The complaints of this case were exophthalmos, chemosis on Rt. eye and intracranial bruit. The etiology of this case is considered due to toxemia of pregnancy and hypertension without trauma. A brief review of the literatures related with the etiology, symptom and therapy is made.
Exophthalmos* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Middle Aged ; Pre-Eclampsia

A case of cutaneous cartilaginous tumor was diagnosed from solitary nadular skin lesion on a toe of 59-year old female. Lack of information about cartilage tumors in the dermatologic literature suggest that they rarely develop as supeficial lesions. General clinico-pathologic feature of the tumor is reviewed.
Cartilage ; Chondroma ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Toes