Macular hemorrhage which result from breaks of Bruch's membrane or from choroidal neovascularization can develop in high degenerative myopia, but its occurrence after photorefractive surgery has rarely been reported. We experienced a case of macular hemorrhage after laser in situ keratomileusis[LASIK]:A 28-year-old female patient with high myopia of -16.5 diopters, who had received successful LASIK operation on her left eye.complained of a sudden drop in vision 20 days postoperatively.On fundus examination, macular hemorrhages were detected on her left eye.Eventually the hemorrhages resolved, but more than 2 lines of her best corrected visual acuity were lost.During follow-up, a new hemorrhagic lesion was incidently found on the other eye. This case demonstrates that macular hemorrhages may develop after LASIK in eyes with high degenerative myopia, and lead to a permanent reduction in visual acuity.We should be alert to any potential retinal pathology in patients having refractive surgery.
Adult ; Bruch Membrane ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Myopia ; Myopia, Degenerative ; Pathology ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between axial length(AL) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR). METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts of the nondiabetic patients who had undergone cataract surgery and diabetic patients who had undergone vitrectomy or cataract surgery at Korea University Kuro Hospital between January, 1998 and July, 2000. Eyes with previous ocular surgery or other severe ocular disease were excluded from the analysis. Eyes with axial length greater than 24 mm were also excluded. The eyes were divided into 4 groups: Non-DM group, nondiabetic; Non-DR group, diabetic without retinopathy; NPDR group, with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; and PDR group, with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Each group contained 42 eyes which were matched for age and sex. RESULTS: The AL values of each group were compared. The mean AL of the PDR group(22.2+/-0.8 mm) was significantly shorter than each of the other groups: Non-DM group(23.1+/-0.7 mm, p<0.05); Non-DR group(22.9+/-0.9 mm, p<0.05); NPDR group(22.8+/-0.8 mm, p<0.05). Within the PDR group, the eyes that had received preoperative panretinal photocoagulation(27 eyes, mean: 22.0+/-1.1 mm) showed a shorter AL than those that had not(15 eyes, mean: 22.7+/-0.8 mm), which was not statistically significant(P=0.08, t-test). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a shorter axial length may be associated with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Cataract ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Humans ; Korea ; Vitrectomy

We identified facial asymmetry in 81 patients with a history of long standing head tilt due to congenital or early childhood onset superior oblique palsy(SOP). To determine facial asymmetry, full frontal photographs of face were taken for each patient in a straight ahead position. They were also evaluated for skull molding, sleeping habit and degree of head tilt. Facial asymmetry was noted in 62 of 81(76.5%) patients with early onset superior oblique palsy. Eighteen of 36(50%) patients with facial asymmetry had skull molding and sleeping habit to lay down on the one side of head. Incidence of facial asymmetry was high in patients with head tilt. In addition, one of 3(33.3%) patient less than 24 months of age showed constant head tilt and facial asymmetry. After surgical correction of superior oblique palsy, head tilt was eliminated and facial asymmetry gradually disappeared. Facial asymmetry was found in 5 of 9(55.6%) patients between 2 and 3 years of age, and in 25 of 28(89.3%) patients more than 3 years of age. Fortunately it gradually improved at the long term follow-up. This study shows that the facial asymmetry cold be produced by chronic head tilt from even less than 2 years of age. Skull molding may develop in infants who prefer to sleep on one side of head. To prevent the development of facial asymmetry, early surgery less than 2 years of age may be needed. Monitoring of head position during sleep may be important to prevent skull molding. If head tilt persist even after surgical correction of SOP, secondary scoliosis, contracture of the neck muscle or habit should be considered and physical therapy may be needed.
Contracture ; Facial Asymmetry* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fungi ; Head* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Neck Muscles ; Paralysis* ; Scoliosis ; Skull

PURPOSE: After Langendorff made aortic perfusion system with the extracted animal heart for the experimental study regarding cardiac mechanical action and rhythm, this system has been modified by various methods for the hemodynamic studies. The authors developed cardiac perfusion system using personal computer for mechanical cardiac contraction and electrophysiologic studies without the effects of autonomic nervous system and hemodynamic influences from various causes. METHODS: This system consisted of perfusion system, electrical pulse generator, and data acquisition system. the perfusion system has reservoir containing physiologic solution, heat exchange system, and organ chamber. The pulse generator composed of personal computer and digital/analog converter can produce electrical pulses with adjustable amplitude and cycle length. The mode of stimulations were as follows; maintenance, programmed, and burst mode. The data acquisition system was composed of amplifier, analog/digital converter, and AcqKnowledge program that are provided by Biopac system. The data were sampled at 1kHz as a digitized form, and the noises wee reduced by filtering at band width 30-500Hz. Krebs' solution was used as perfusate through the aorta of isolated heart with mean pressure of 40mmHg. RESULTS: With this system, AH and HV interval, refractory period of AV node and His-Purkinje system, and Wenckebach cycle length were measured. CONCLUSION: Studies for cardiac mechanical contraction as well as electrophysiologic properties in vitro with or without specific cardiac drugs would be possible with this system in isolated experimental heart without autonomic nervous effects.
Animals ; Aorta ; Atrioventricular Node ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Electrophysiology ; Heart ; Hemodynamics ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Noise ; Perfusion*

Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) is a widely used technique for correcting high myopia. Its technical methods and excellent clinical results are well known, but its potential risk on the corneal endothelium are poorly known. We used specular microscope to underwent LASIK for the correction of myopia. The mean preoperative refraction was ?4.5 diopters (range, -10.00 to -23.50 diopters.). The average endothelial cell densities were 2,817+/-205 cells/mm2 (mean +/-SD) preoperatively and 2,789+/-211 cells/mm2 3 months postoperatvely, corresponding to fall of 28 cells/mm2. This fall in endothelial cell density was not statistically significant (P>0.05). But significant correlation between the change in cell density and the residual corneal thickness was found(P>0.05). These results suggest that LASIK is a predictable and safe method for correcting high myopia, but care is recommended when doing deep corneal ablation. Long term follow-up may be needed to confirm its safety.
Cell Count ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Follow-Up Studies ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Myopia

No abstract available.
Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal*

The present study has been undertaken to pursue the cytotoxic effects of cis-Platin on the osteoid formation in metaphysis of rat tibia. By using the immunohistological staining method for type I collagen in rat tibial osteoid, the author detected the deposition of type I collagen, which is the collagenous constituent of endochondral osteoid, after administration of cis-Platin in experimental animals. For the immunological reactions of type I collagen, we used the rabbit anti-rat collagen type I polyclonal antibody as primary antibody and biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG as secondary antibody. The distributions of immunohistological reactions in the each of metaphyseal osteoids were analyzed with an image analyzer, and we studied the variances of type I collagens by statistical probabilities. In 12 hours after cis-Platin injection, immunoreactive area in the osteoid of metaphysis was distinctly decreased. Immunoreactive area of type I collagen in osteoids of 1 day and 3 days group metaphysis was increased more than that of 12 hours group and the type I collagen in the metaphysis showed weak immunoreactions of type I collagens with an image analyzer. In the osteoids of 7 days group after cis-Platin injection, the immunoreactive area was similar to that of control group. It is consequently suggested that cis-Platin would induce the decrease of type I collagen in the osteoid. But the type I collagen in tibial osteoid shows the increase from a few days after cis-Platin injection.
Animals ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I* ; Goats ; Immunoglobulin G ; Rats* ; Tibia*

PURPOSE: Holoprosencephaly(HPE) is a rare developmental defect due to incomplete cleavages of the prosencephalon during the third week of fetal development. Chromosomal anomalies, genetic syndrome, teratogen, or genetic disorder of non-syndromic HPE are usually accepted as etiology. The consequences of prechordal mesoderm defect are varying degrees of deficit of midline facial development, especially the median nasal process(premaxilla), and incomplete morphogenesis of the forebrain. We experienced a case of lobar HPE with complete cleft lip and palate. METHODS: A female newborn infant was born at 38+6 weeks' gestational age via NSVD. The infant's birth weight was 3.6kg, height 52cm, and head circumference 32.5cm, showing microcephaly, flat nose, median complete cleft lip & palate, and hypotelorism, along with defects of midfacial development including losses of premaxilla, philtrum, nasal septum, and columella. RESULTS: There were no specific findings noted from the head and neck X-ray and tests for endocrine and metabolic disorders, but clinical characteristics of midface and dysgenesis corpus callosum on brain MRI were seen, so that this case was diagnosed with HPE. CONCLUSION: HPE is divided into three categories of alobar, semilobar, and lobar prosencephaly according to the degree of cerebral hemisphere separation. Assesment of patient's brain abnormality and malformation is essential in determining the extent and benefit of surgical intervention. This case was included in the lobar type HPE which shows relatively good prognosis compared with other types and reconstruction of median complete cleft lip & palate and midfacial defects will be performed.
Birth Weight ; Brain ; Cerebrum ; Cleft Lip ; Corpus Callosum ; Equidae ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Gestational Age ; Head ; Holoprosencephaly* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lip ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesoderm ; Microcephaly ; Morphogenesis ; Nasal Septum ; Neck ; Nose ; Palate ; Prognosis ; Prosencephalon

We compared the effect of topical minoxidil after filtering surgery with that of mitomycin C (MMC) application in rabbits. Fourty-nine eyes were divided into the minoxidil-treated eyes, MMC_treated eyes and control eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) in minoxidil-treated eyes and MMC-soaked eyes were significantly lower than that of the control eyes at postoperative 1 and 3 days. MMC-soaked eyes had lower IOPs than the minoxidil-treated and control eyes, but IOPs in the minoxidil- and control eyes were similar at days 5 to 21. IOP survival in the MMC-treated eyes was significantly longer than in both the minoxidil-treated and control eyes. These results suggest that topical minoxidil can cause reduction of IOP at the early postoperative period. Howver, the IOP lowering effect of Minoxidil did not last as long as that of MMC soaking. Further study is necessary to enhance the efect of topical minoxidil including its method of application and optimal concentration.
Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Minoxidil* ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Period ; Rabbits*