A severe chemical or thermal injury is a troublesome ocular insult, which usually results in persistant corneal epithelial defect, stromal scarring, and neovascularization. For resurfacing chemically burned cornea, limbal autograft transplantation is presented in 2 cases of chemical and/or thermal injury with follow-up of 6, 8 months. The operative technique involved transfer of four free grafts of limbal tissue from the uninjured fellow eye to the severely injured eye. Clinical results of the cases have shown surface healing with stable epithelial adhesion without recurrent erosion or persistant epithelial defect.
Autografts* ; Burns* ; Cicatrix ; Cornea ; Follow-Up Studies ; Transplants

Enchondroma is a benign tumor mainly developed in the hand and uncommon in the foot. Even if it is in the foot, most are in the phalanges and distal metatarsals of the foot. Enchondroma in the calcaneus is very rare. A 44-year-old male suffered from left heel pain for several months, authors treated it with curettage and bone graft, it was histologically confirmed as an enchondroma in the calcaneus. The authors presented a rare case presentation of an enchondroma in the calcaneus with pain.
Adult ; Calcaneus ; Chondroma ; Curettage ; Foot ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: This study is performed to investigate the trend of health care (HC) utilization among cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) during 2007–2016 by using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS). METHODS: The KNHIS data were reorganized to count a specific patient only once for a specific year. Cleft type (cleft lip [CL], cleft palate [CP], and cleft lip and palate [CLP]), sex, and age at HC utilization were investigated. The study period was divided into the first half (2007–2011) and the last half (2012–2016). The utilization number and rate per 1,000 population were calculated for the total population and for new-born patients. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The total CL/P population (n = 48,707) comprised 19.2% CLP, 35.5% CL, and 45.3% CP (CLP < CL < CP; p < 0.001). Their HC utilization rate increased from 0.066 in 2007 to 0.118 in 2016. The new-born patient population (n = 7,617) comprised 18.6% CLP, 30.4% CL, and 51.0% CP (CLP < CL < CP; p < 0.001). Their HC utilization rate increased from 1.12 in 2007 to 1.74 in 2016. An examination of the utilization number and rate among new-born patients revealed CP exhibited a female-dominant pattern (all p < 0.01), while CL and CLP exhibited a male-dominant pattern (all p < 0.01). However, utilization number showed no difference by sex and cleft type between 2007–2011 and 2012–2016. CONCLUSIONS: These results might serve as a guideline for HC utilization among patients with CL/P.
Cleft Lip* ; Cleft Palate ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lip ; National Health Programs ; Palate* ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care* ; Population Surveillance ; Republic of Korea

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of malocclusion on the self-esteem of female university students. METHODS: The subjects were composed of 67 female university students who showed Class I molar relation, no missing or supernumerary teeth and has had no orthodontic treatment experience. Each subject was evaluated with Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale to measure the level of self-esteem and also evaluated the degree of anterior crowding and lip protrusion through model analysis and cephalometric soft tissue profile analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that a protrusive profile and crowding of upper anterior teeth had significant reducing effects on the level of self-esteem. The protrusion and crowding groups showed no significant differences in self-esteem between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Malocclusion had significant negative effects on the self-esteem of female university students. Further research to investigate the negative psychological influence of malocclusion and the education of lay people about this influence is necessary.
Crowding ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Tooth ; Tooth, Supernumerary

The goals of this study were to present presurgical naso-alveolar molding (PNAM) appliance in unilateral cleft lip and palate treatment and to evaluate the effects of PNAM appliance on alveolar molding. Samples were consisted of 4 unilateral cleft lip and palate infants (3 males and 1 female, mean age=23.2 days after birth) who were treated with PNAM appliances in Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Average alveolar cleft gap between the greater and lesser segment was 8.27 mm and average duration of alveolar molding treatment was 9.7 weeks. These patients' models were obtained at initial visit (TI) and after successful alveolar molding (T2). Seven linear and five angular variables were measured by using photometry and digital caliper. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS win ver. 7.5 program. Paired t-test was used to compare the mean values. 1. The posterior part of alveolar segments are the stable structures during alveolar molding treatment period in infants. 2. Forward growth of the greater segment may be hindered by the action of alveolar molding. 3. The closure of cleft gap during alveolar molding were usually due to inward and backward bending of the anterior part of the greater segment and outward bending of the whole lesser segment.
Cleft Lip* ; Female ; Fungi* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Orthodontics ; Palate* ; Photometry ; Seoul

Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies and occurs more frequently in Asian people. Dental abnormalities in number, size, shape, and eruption of teeth are frequently associated with CLP. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of CLP on number, size, shape and eruption of teeth and to provide basic clinical data for diagnosis and treatment of the CLP patients. With the orthodontic and cleft charts, diagnostic models, orthopantomograms and intraoral x-ray films from 241 CLP patients who visited Dept. of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, we evaluated the frequency of congenital missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, impacted teeth, and microdontia. The results were as follows ; 1. Frequency of congenital missing was relatively high up to 56.8 %. Congenital missing occurred frequently in the maxillary lateral incisor and the maxillary second premolar. Among the CLP types, frequencies of congenital missing in cleft lip and palate group and cleft lip and alveolus group were higher than those of cleft lip group and cleft palate group. And bilateral cleft showed higher frequencies than unilateral ones. 2. Supernumerary tooth was shown in 11.2 % of CLP patients. It occurred frequently in the area between the maxillary lateral incisors and the maxillary canine. Among the CLP types, cleft lip group showed relatively most highest frequency. 3. Impaction was shown in 18.3 % of CLP patients. It occurred most frequently in the maxillary lateral incisor and the maxillary canine than other teeth. Among the CLP types, cleft lip group and cleft lip and palate group showed most highest frequencies. 4. Microdontia was shown in 15.8 % of CLP patients. It occurred the most frequently in the maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary canines. Among the CLP types, cleft lip and alveolus group and cleft lip and palate group showed relatively higher frequencies. There was no microdontia in cleft palate group.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bicuspid ; Cleft Lip* ; Cleft Palate ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incisor ; Orthodontics ; Palate* ; Seoul ; Tooth* ; Tooth, Impacted ; Tooth, Supernumerary ; X-Ray Film

Adult wound healing is accompanied with inflammation and eventual scar formation, whereas fetal wounds heal rapidly by mesenchymal proliferation without significant inflammatory cell participation and with minimal or no scar formation. The cellular mechanisms underlying these differing forms of wound healing are unknown but the extracellular matrix, through its effects on cell function, may play a key role. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal deposition of several component of extracellular matrix, which are known to be involved with scar formation, in the artificially created cleft lip wound healing of fetuses. The author had undergone hysterotomy and created cleft lip-like defects on fetuses of New Zealand White Rabbit in mid-third trimester(24 days). Fetuses were divided into the repaired group, the unrepaired group and the sham-operated control group. At 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 days after procedure, fetuses were obtained by Caeserean section. After documenting the viability of fetuses, they were photographed to compare size and facial morphology and sectioned for histological examination by H & E stain and spatial and temporal deposition of collagen type I. III, IV, V and fibionectin, laminin by immunohistochemical method. The findings are summarized as follows: 1. There were lack of inflammation in the repaired and the unrepaired group during experimental periods. 2. The reepithelialization of the unrepaired group was slower than that of the repaired group. 3. Collagen I, III, V were found from post-op. third day. There were no difference of distribution in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. Collagen types I, III, V were present in all groups with restoration of the normal collagen pattern in the fetus. This implies that lack of scarring in fetal wounds is due to the difference of collagen organization pattern within wound and not simply lack of collagen formation. 4. Collagen IV was slightly increased at post-op. third day and decreased after post-op, fifth day. Eventually there were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. Laminin was found at post-op. fifth day and maintained staining density until post-op. seventh day. There were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. According to staining of laminin and collagen type IV in epithelial basement membrane, formation of epithelial basement membrane was not completed until reepithelialization was finished. 5. According to staining of laminin and collagen type IV, there were no increase of neovascularity in the repaired and the unrepaired group. 6. Fbbronectin was increased until post-op. third day at fibrin clot, wound base and margin and decreased after post-op. fifth day. Eventually, there were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group, So it implies fibronectin plays a role as provisional matrix for fetal wound healing
Adult ; Basement Membrane ; Cicatrix ; Cleft Lip* ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type IV ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fetus* ; Fibrin ; Fibronectins ; Humans ; Hysterotomy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Laminin ; New Zealand ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the longitudinal treatment effects of facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (FM/RME) and chincup (CC) therapy followed by fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT) in Class III malocclusion (CIII) patients. METHODS: The samples consisted of twenty-one CIII patients who had similar skeletal and dental characteristics before FM/RME or CC therapy and good retention results (Class I molar/canine relationship and positive overbite/overjet) after FOT (Group 1, FM/RME, n = 11; Group 2, CC, n = 10). Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T0) and after FM/RME or CC therapy (T1), and after FOT and retention (T2). Skeletal and dental variables were measured. Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: During T0-T1, FM/RME therapy induced forward movement of point A, and labioversion of the upper incisors. Both groups showed posterior repositioning of the mandible. FM/RME resulted in increase of the vertical dimension; however, CC caused an increase in articular angle and decrease in gonial angle. During T1-T2, both groups exhibited forward growth of point A. Group 1 showed forward growth and counterclockwise rotation of the mandible and increase of IMPA; however, Group 2, showed increase of ANS-Me/N-Me and decrease of overbite. CONCLUSIONS: The key factor for successful FM/RME and CC therapy and good retention results might be a harmonized forward growth of the maxilla that could keep pace with the growth and rotation of the mandible.
Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Overbite ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Retention (Psychology)

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the cephalometric clv racteristics of Korean female patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion and to compare Korean females with Caucasian females who had same type of malocclusion. All of the samples had Class II division 2 malocclusion with deep overbite (more than 4nun) and fulll permanent dentition. These samples were divided into two groups according to the races: Group 1(N=16; Korean females; average age=18Y 2M) and Group 2 (N=20; Caucasian females; average age=14Y 2M). The pretreatment lateral cephalograms were measured, analyzed and compared by using 38 variables and independent t-test. And the results were as follows: 1. Although there were no differences in Overbite, SN to mandibular plane angle, Palatomandibular plane angle, and FMA between Group 1 and 2, the other vertical relation variables of maxilla and mandible (SN to palatal plane angle, SN to occlusal plane angle, ODD of Group 1 showed more clockwise rotation tendency of occlusal plane and less hypodivergency tendency than those of Group 2. 2. There were no differences in mandibular body length and ramus height between Group 1 and 2 except small upper gonial angle of Group 1. There was less counterclockwise rotation tendency of mandible in Group 1. 3. There were no statistical significant differences in UAFH/LAFH and PFH/AFH between Group 1 and 2. 4. Although there were no differences of overjet and anteroposterior position of mandible between Group 1 and 2, the position of maxilla of Group 1 was more retropositioned than that of Group 2. 5. Except the more protrusion of lower incisor to A-Pog of Group 1, there were no differences of inclination and distance of upper and lower incisors to basal plane between Group 1 and 2. 6. The distance from upper first molar to palatal plane showed no difference between Group 1 and 2. But the distance from lower first molar to mandibular plane of Group 1 was greater than that of Group 2. So it may be partially related to the clockwise rotation of occlusal plane and the less counterclockwise rotation tendency of mandible of Group 1. 7. Group 1 had more protrusive upper and lower lips than Group 2.
Continental Population Groups ; Dental Occlusion ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Overbite

Recently several growth factors such as TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, PDGF, bFGF are known to play an important role in scar formation following adult tissue injury. But there is little known about the role of growth factors tissue healing without scar formation. Therefore the pupose of this study is to investigate the distribution of growth factors which are involved with scar formation in the artificially created lip wound healing of fetuses. The author had undergone hysterotomy and created cleft lip-like defects on fetuses of New Zealand White Rabbit in mid-third trimester (24 days). Fetuses were divided into 3 groups (the repired group, the unrepaired group and the sham-operated control group). At 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 days agter procedure, the repaired, the unrepaired and the control groups were obtained by Caeserean section. After documenting the viability of fetuses, fetuses were photographed to compare size and facial morphology and sectioned for histological examination by H & E stain and spatial and temporal deposition of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, PDGF, bFGF by immunohistochemical method. The findings are summarized as follows. 1. There were lack of inflammation and scar formation and nevascularity in the repaired and the unrepaired group during experimental periods. 2. The reepothelialization of the unrepaired group was slower than that of repaired group. 3. There wereon differences of distribution of bFGF in the control, the repaired and the unrenaired group. 4. PDGF was increased at post-op, first and second day and decreased agter post-op, third day. Eventully, there were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. 5. TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were slightly increased at post-op, first and second day decreased after post-op, thied day. Eventually there were no differences in the control, the repaired and the unrepaired group. And TGF-beta2 is more densely stained than TGF-beta1.
Adult ; Cicatrix ; Cleft Lip* ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Hysterotomy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Lip ; New Zealand ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2 ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*