OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between disease progression and expression of c-erbB-2 and S-100 protein positive dendritic cells in Cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Tissues were analyzed from 100 patients. Each of them had invasive carcinoma(44), microinvasive(12), CIS(33), CIN(II) before treatment, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. (Avidin-biotin complex method) RESULTS: C-erbB-2 immunostaining was significantly associated with disease progression (p<0.05). In case of CIN I, there was not noted stained specimen but in case of invasive carcinoma, 24 cases of stained specimen were noted. S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.(p>0.05) CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, c-erbB-2 is possible factor in Carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma with progression of it. and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Dendritic Cells* ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; S100 Proteins* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

In Korea, all domestic made test systems for detecting antibodies in HIV-1 contain the antigens from human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B. However, because HIV-1 subtype O is significantly different in amino acid sequences from all other subtypes of HIV-1, there has been a need for developing a test for detecting antibodies in subtype O. For this purpose, the entire nucleotide sequence corresponding to the extracellular domain of the transmembrane glycoprotein of HIV-1 subtype O was synthesized with consideration of Escherichia coli cordon usage. Various regions of the extracellular domain were cloned into E. coli expression vectors and tested for levels of protein production. The nucleotide sequence, named ECTM, that can encode a 129 amino acid-long peptide, was found to be expressed at a high level in E. coli. The protein of approximately 17 kDa specifically reacted with sera from individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype O. The ECTM protein was purified to near homogeneity by the CM-T gel chromatography, using concentrated, denatured inclusion bodies. In Western blot analysis, the purified viral antigen reacted with sera from individuals infected with subtype O more efficiently than subtype B. The enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) system was developed using the subtype O viral protein and compared with the commercially available kit lacking the antigens from subtype O. The ELISA kit containing the subtype O antigen ECTM alone efficiently reacted with sera from individuals infected with subtype O. The subtype O antigen-containing kit produced a positive absorbence even when sera were diluted 512-fold, suggesting a high sensitivity. The commercially available kit also reacted with subtype O sera, but produced a negative result at a dilution of 8-fold. Our results suggest that the currently available kit may not be able to efficiently detect subtype O sera and that the viral protein developed in this study may be added to the current system to maximize the detection of sera from individuals infected with subtype O.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Western ; Chromatography, Gel ; Clone Cells ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; Glycoproteins ; HIV* ; HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Inclusion Bodies ; Korea ; O Antigens

Corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF) and neuropeptide Y(NPY) are known to play important roles in mediating stress responses and stress-related behavior. To elucidate the role of neuropeptides in response to the condition that had paired with traumatic event, we observed the changes of CRF and NPY by immunohistochemistry using a conditioned footshock paradigm. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a shuttle box and exposed to 20 pairings of a tone(< 70dB, 5sec) followed by a footshock(FS, 0.8mA, 1sec) over 60min. A second group was exposed to the tone-footshock pairings, returned to the homecage for 2days, and then reexposed to the test chamber and 20tones alone for 60min, prior to sacrifice. Control groups were : a) sacrificed without exposure to FS ; b) exposed to the tone-footshock pairings and then sacrificed two days later ; or c) exposed to the chamber and tones alone, returned to the homecage for 2days and then reexposed to the chamber and 20tones over 60min prior to sacrifice. CRF was increased in animals exposed to FS or the aversive condition(context and tone) that had paired to FS in bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) compared to the control. NPY was increased by FS in amygdala and PVN, but the condition previously associated with FS results in slight increase only in amygdala area. These results suggest that the BNST appears to be the mostly involved neural circuit in response to explicit cues previously paired with footshock. Moreover, this study raise the possibility that increased CRF peptide in the BNST in response to re-exposure to the aversive condition may underlie, in part, the experience of conditioned fear-related anxiety behavior.
Amygdala ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Cues ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Negotiating ; Neuropeptides* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels*

No abstract available.
Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes*

Supernumerary tooth, named mesodens, occur between the maxillary central incisors are generally found in pairs, although it is sometimes found singly. An inverted mesiodens may move toward the nasal cavity and erupt in the floor of the nose. Approximately 90% of all supernumerary tooth usually appear in the area of the maxilla, where they disrupt the position and eruption of normal teeth. A supernumerary tooth may closely resemble the teeth of the group to which it belongs, i.e., molars, premolars or anterior teeth.
Bicuspid ; Incisor ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Nasal Cavity* ; Nose ; Tooth ; Tooth, Supernumerary*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Empirical evidence is lacking on the cumulative disease burden of obesity and hypertension and its impact on cardiac function and exercise capacity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of obesity and hypertension together was associated with cardiac dysfunction and exercise capacity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using a retrospective study design, medical records were reviewed for echocardiographic and treadmill exercise stress test data. Subjects were grouped according to four categories: normal control, obese, hypertensive, or obese and hypertensive. RESULTS: Obese, hypertensive persons showed significantly lower Ea and E/A ratio and greater E/Ea ratio, deceleration time, left ventricular (LV) mass, and LV mass index compared to their counter parts (normal control, obese and/or hypertensive) (all p<0.05), after controlling for age and sex. After controlling for age and sex, significant differences in exercise capacity indices were found, with the obese group having shorter exercise time, lower metabolic equivalents, and lower maximal oxygen uptake than the normal control, hypertensive, or both groups (all p<0.05). The hypertensive or obese and hypertensive group had greater maximal blood pressure compared with the normal control group (all p<0.001). Obese and hypertensive persons were approximately three times more likely to have diastolic dysfunction (odd ratio=2.96, p=0.001), when compared to the reference group (normotensive, non-obese, or hypertensive only persons). CONCLUSION: Diastolic dysfunction was associated with obesity and/or hypertension. The cumulative risk of obesity and hypertension and their impact on diastolic dysfunction which could be modifiable could reduce exercise capacity.
Blood Pressure ; Deceleration ; Echocardiography ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Medical Records ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Obesity* ; Oxygen ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) have been widely used in regenerative therapies to promote bone formation. The production of rhBMPs using bacterial systems such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) is estimated to facilitate clinical applications by lowering the cost without compromising biological activity. In clinical practice, rhBMP-2 and osteoconductive carriers (e.g., hydroxyapatite [HA] and bovine bone xenograft) are used together. This study examined the effect of E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 combined with porous HA-based ceramics on calvarial defect in rabbits. METHODS: Six adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. The experimental groups were divided into the following 4 groups: untreated (NC), bovine bone graft (BO), porous HA (HA) and porous HA with rhBMP-2 (HA-BMP). Four transosseous defects of 8 mm in diameter were prepared using stainless steel trephine bur in the frontal and parietal bones. Histological and histomorphometric analyses at 4 weeks after surgery revealed significant new bone formation by porous HA alone. RESULTS: HA-BMP showed significantly higher degree of bone formation compared with BO and HA group (P<0.05). The average new bone formation % (new bone area per total defect area) of NC, BO, HA, and HA-BMP at 4-week after surgery were 12.65±5.89%, 29.63±6.99%, 28.86±6.17% and 49.56±8.23%, respectively. However, there was no statistical difference in the bone formation between HA and BO groups. CONCLUSIONS: HA-BMP promoted more bone formation than NC, BO and HA alone. Thus, using E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 combined with porous HA-based ceramics can promote new bone formation.
Adult ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Ceramics* ; Durapatite ; Escherichia coli ; Escherichia* ; Humans* ; Hydroxyapatites ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Parietal Bone ; Rabbits* ; Stainless Steel ; Transplants