PURPOSE: We evaluated oncologic outcomes of chondrosarcomas and analyzed the disease-free survival rate of chondrosarcomas according to the various factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study for the disease-free survival rate of 48 chondrosarcomas, 44 of which underwent surgical treatment and followed up more than 18 months since 1993, and in the remaining 4 cases, the patients died before 18 months after surgery. The vsariables were location, tumor volume, histologic grade, stage, age at presentation and treatment performed. The mean follow up period was 43.8 months (1-196 months). RESULTS: The overall disease-free survival rate was 77.1% at mean 43.8 month follow up. The 5 year- and 10 year disease-free survival rates were 64% and 58% respectively. The histologic grade, stage, age at presentation revealed statistical significance on disease-free survival. All 9 patients treated with extended curettage for grade 1 central chondrosarcomas revealed disease-free survival with excellent functional outcome. CONCLUSION: The disease-free survival rate of chondrosarcomas mainly depended on histologic grade, stage and age at presentation. Local recurrence and distant metastasis also revealed statistically significant differences of disease-free survival rate. Comparing to wide resection, extended curettage for low-grade central chondrosarcomas in extremities were efficient methods with similar survival rate and less functional losses and complications.
Chondrosarcoma ; Curettage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden

PURPOSE: Stress urinary incontinence is a quality of life issue for millions of women worldwide. Mid-urethral slings are becoming the treatment of choice for the management of stress urinary incontinence. Although it is a minimally invasive procedure, the widespread use of this procedure has led to an increasing number of severe complications. In our series, there were 6 patients with complications that necessitated surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients underwent the sling procedure and they required surgical intervention for their complications, including permanent urinary retention, de-novo urgency, intravesical polypropylene mesh tape, intravesical suture material, vaginal mucosal erosion, and urethral shortening. RESULTS: For the patients with urinary retension, they underwent resection of periurethral sling transvaginally. The intravesical tapes were resected by the transurethral approach, and this was supported by suprapubic laparoscopic trocar puncture. The intraravesical suture material was removed by same approach. In the case of vaginal erosion, the periurethral part of the tape was resected transvaginally. A patient with urethral shortening was treated with urethroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Complications from the sling operation that require surgical intervention are rare. Nevertheless, the surgeon must be aware that complications may occur that require surgical intervention with high morbidity.
Female* ; Humans ; Polypropylenes ; Punctures ; Quality of Life ; Suburethral Slings ; Surgical Instruments ; Sutures ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Retention

We attempted to determine whether energy density would influence calorie intake via cognitive cues, as reflected by satiety. This experiment was designed using two different energy density levels of Kimbab: normal Kimbab (1.6 kcal/g) vs low-density Kimbab (1.0 kcal/g). 26 female college students participated in this study. The subjects ate Kimbab in the lab once a week for 2 weeks. Each week at noon, they were served 24 units of either normal or low-density Kimbab, and we determined the units, grams, and calories of the real & cognitive intake of Kimbab, and also analyzed the satiety rate after eating Kimbab. Our results demonstrated that the real calorie intake from the low-density Kimbab was significantly lower than that of the normal Kimbab (290.3 kcal vs 474.4 kcal, p<0.001), but we noted no significant differences in the units and grams of real and cognitive intake between the normal and low-density Kimbab. However, despite consuming 39% lower caloric intake, the subjects reported similar levels of satiety rates with the two different density levels of Kimbab, as they did not perceive themselves to have eaten more normal Kimbab than low-density Kimbab. Thus, this study provides evidence that the energy density of food is a crucial determinant of caloric intake, and supports the notion that the consumption of low energy-dense foods may result in a reduction of caloric intake without altering satiety.
Cues ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Pyridines ; Thiazoles

By finding the documents of Korean physical anthropology in one place easily, everyone can use them fruitfully. We developed internet site to search them, which published from early 20th century to present days. We also analyzed documents of physical anthropology and databased the tables which is considered to be kernel of results. The advantage of this internet site is followings. We classified the documents of physical anthropology by body regions and we also classified them in detail to reach them easily. The documents are also divided into materials and its methods to search conveniently. Everyone can search a data by classification and also by using a keyword they can find document or data. There are 3 steps to search. First step is searching the title of document and author, second step is searching the name of table including the first step and the last step is searching items in table. If they don't know the contents they can search data by index. We added some pictures and explanations to restore the document or table, which are difficult and hard to understand the point. By these additions, we could understand them briefly. We could quote from past data and also we could easily compare previous data with ours by using this search engine.
Anthropology ; Anthropology, Physical* ; Body Regions ; Classification ; Internet* ; Search Engine*

In the treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis, endoscopic sinus surgery, unlike the more radical Caldwell-Luc (C-L) operation, enables the preservation of mucosa. However, although a middle meatal antrostomy is superior in function and patency to an inferior meatal antrostomy, at times it is very difficult to remove diseased mucosa located at the antero-inferior or antero-medial side of the maxillary sinus : to prevent recurrence, the C-L procedure is often chosen. In an effort to decrease the failure rate of endoscopic maxillary sinus surgery, we applied the microdebrider technique, a new approach of puncture and shaving. To evaluate the effectiveness of the microdebrider technique, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 33 patients (43 sinuses) who have been treated by this method. We analyzed the clinical courses of these patients during recovery and evaluated endoscopic findings made during follow-up examinations. Nasal symptoms were alleviated in every case except for two. Three cases required revision ESS or a C-L procedure at the puncture and shaving site. The maxillary sinuses of most patients (80%) were normalized, but five sinuses demonstrated polypoid or thickened mucosa. The ostiums of 36 maxillary sinuses remained patent but nine sinuses became stenotic. Complications, which included facial pain and facial paresthesia, were rare and disappeared shortly. We consider this new technique to be an effective method of eradicating maxillary sinus disease that is not otherwise accessible through the MMA window.
Facial Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Medical Records ; Mucous Membrane ; Paresthesia ; Punctures ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

From the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, human head has been changed from an anteroposteriorly long shape to a short one. This phenomenon is called "brachycephalization" Somatometric data showed the rapid brachycephalization of Korean in twentieth century. The causes of brachycephalizaion have not been yet fully elucidated. Secular trends of head length, head breadth were studied. Height was added for comparison. A sample of 1,568 Korean adults was measured. The cephalic index was calculated and compared with the previous reported data. The head length and head breadth were increased continually during the last hundred years. But the latter was more increased than the former. Therefore, the increase of head breadth has been thought to be the main cause of brachycephalization. The pattern of secular changes of cephalic index of Koreans showed close relation to that in height. These findings were more evident in females than in males.
Adult* ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVES: Anthropometric abnormalities of the mandible and neck may contribute to snoring in non-obese Asians. The study evaluated the clinical implications of mandible and neck measurements in non-obese Asian snorers. METHODS: The external mandible and neck measurements (neck circumference, two lengths of neck, mandibular body angle, and lengths of mandibular ramus and body) were compared between snorers and non-snorers in a sample of 2,778 non-obese Koreans (1,389 males, 1,389 females) aged 40 to 69 years (mean, 48.47+/-7.72 years). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of snoring was 64.7% (899/1,389) and 48.3% (671/1,389) in non-obese male and female subjects, respectively. In non-obese males, snorers had significantly a greater neck circumference (P<0.0001) and shorter mandibular body length (P=0.0126) than non-snorers. In non-obese females, snorers had significantly greater neck circumferences (P=0.0165), compared with non-snorers. However, there were no statistically significant differences in other variables between non-snorers and snorers. CONCLUSION: Anthropometric abnormalities of the mandible and neck, including thick neck circumference in both genders and small mandible size in males, may be relevant contributing factors to snoring in non-obese Asian snorers.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Neck ; Prevalence ; Snoring

OBJECTIVES: Anthropometric abnormalities of the mandible and neck may contribute to snoring in non-obese Asians. The study evaluated the clinical implications of mandible and neck measurements in non-obese Asian snorers. METHODS: The external mandible and neck measurements (neck circumference, two lengths of neck, mandibular body angle, and lengths of mandibular ramus and body) were compared between snorers and non-snorers in a sample of 2,778 non-obese Koreans (1,389 males, 1,389 females) aged 40 to 69 years (mean, 48.47+/-7.72 years). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of snoring was 64.7% (899/1,389) and 48.3% (671/1,389) in non-obese male and female subjects, respectively. In non-obese males, snorers had significantly a greater neck circumference (P<0.0001) and shorter mandibular body length (P=0.0126) than non-snorers. In non-obese females, snorers had significantly greater neck circumferences (P=0.0165), compared with non-snorers. However, there were no statistically significant differences in other variables between non-snorers and snorers. CONCLUSION: Anthropometric abnormalities of the mandible and neck, including thick neck circumference in both genders and small mandible size in males, may be relevant contributing factors to snoring in non-obese Asian snorers.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Neck ; Prevalence ; Snoring

BACKGROUND: Conventional nerve conduction studies (NCS) are used in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The median terminal latency index (TLI) and median residual latency (RL) are parameters calculated to identify abnormalities in distal segments of the median motor nerve. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of TLI and RL together with NCS in the diagnosis of CTS. METHODS: This prospective study involved 83 hands of 47 patients with suspected CTS. Conventional NCS were performed using Oh's method. Control data were obtained from the 68 hands of 40 healthy volunteers. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of TLI and RL were calculated and compared with those of conventional NCS. We divided the CTS patients into four groups based on their electrophysiological severity, and compared the TLI and RL values between these groups. RESULTS: TLI and RL were 0.20+/-0.03 (mean+/-SD) and 3.62+/-0.90, respectively, in the patients, while the corresponding values, in the healthy control, were 0.29+/-0.03 and 2.08+/-0.30. The sensitivities of TLI and RL in diagnosing CTS were 75.9% and 86.3%, respectively. Compared with median motor terminal latency, the sensitivities of TLI and RL in diagnosing CTS was found to be higher. Moreover, the diagnostic sensitivities of TLI and RL were significant better for the severe group than for the mild and moderate severity group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that measuring TLI and RL of the median nerve may increase the sensitivity in diagnosing CTS and also provide information about its electrophysiological severity.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diagnosis* ; Hand ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity*

BACKGROUND: Conventional nerve conduction studies (NCS) are used in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The median terminal latency index (TLI) and median residual latency (RL) are parameters calculated to identify abnormalities in distal segments of the median motor nerve. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of TLI and RL together with NCS in the diagnosis of CTS. METHODS: This prospective study involved 83 hands of 47 patients with suspected CTS. Conventional NCS were performed using Oh's method. Control data were obtained from the 68 hands of 40 healthy volunteers. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of TLI and RL were calculated and compared with those of conventional NCS. We divided the CTS patients into four groups based on their electrophysiological severity, and compared the TLI and RL values between these groups. RESULTS: TLI and RL were 0.20+/-0.03 (mean+/-SD) and 3.62+/-0.90, respectively, in the patients, while the corresponding values, in the healthy control, were 0.29+/-0.03 and 2.08+/-0.30. The sensitivities of TLI and RL in diagnosing CTS were 75.9% and 86.3%, respectively. Compared with median motor terminal latency, the sensitivities of TLI and RL in diagnosing CTS was found to be higher. Moreover, the diagnostic sensitivities of TLI and RL were significant better for the severe group than for the mild and moderate severity group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that measuring TLI and RL of the median nerve may increase the sensitivity in diagnosing CTS and also provide information about its electrophysiological severity.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diagnosis* ; Hand ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity*