Blood valproic acid levels were decreased in patients with traumatic brain injury who had been using valproic acid to control irritability and aggression, and the symptoms worsened coincident with the administration of meropenem, a carbapenem-based antibiotic. Two weeks after the discontinuation of meropenem, valproic acid levels were restored to an effective therapeutic concentration. Therefore, when valproic acid and carbapenem-based antibiotics are used together, blood valproic acid levels may decrease due to drug interaction, and irritability symptoms may worsen. Thus, close monitoring of serum valproic acid levels is required.

In 2008, Korea has enacted new ordinances about the role of estheticians, but this law can be interpreted ambiguously, restricting hiring of estheticians in medical clinics. The purpose of the study is to obtain information about medical-esthetic systems in other countries. We have taken a survey of this object from 30 OECD & Asian countries, and the questionnaires returned from a total of 22 countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Singapore, Israel, and Thailand), were used for the final analysis. The results are summarized as follows. In most countries, estheticians working independently deal with only healthy, normal skin. In most countries, estheticians working independently have no right to operate any medical instruments. In all 17 countries that returned the questionnaires medical clinics can employ estheticians, and only theses estheticians who belong to the medical clinics can handle the non-invasive medical instruments under the supervision of doctors. In 17 countries that have related legal regulations, nurses, under the control of doctors, can perform wider range of duties in various settings than estheticians. The survey concludes that the duties of estheticians are closely related with medical skin care services and estheticians can perform various non-invasive medical procedures only under the control of doctors. From consulting a variety of medical-esthetic systems in other countries, we propose that the estheticians be allowed to work in medical clinics to provide better medical services for the patients and to make more chances of employment for themselves.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Austria ; Canada ; Denmark ; Employment ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Hungary ; Israel ; Japan ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Organization and Administration ; Portugal ; Questionnaires ; Singapore ; Skin ; Skin Care ; Slovakia ; Social Control, Formal ; Spain ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United States

Following chemotherapy for acute myelomoncytic leukemia, an 3-year-old boy developed several painful erythematous indurated patches at previous sampling sites and at the site where an arm board and adhesive tape were used in securing an intravenous infusion set. The lesions rapidly progressed to ulcers with central black eschars. Biopsies and cultures demonstrated a fungus, Aspergillus flavs, as the etiologic agent, without evidence of systemic dissemination. Local care, including s irgical debridement, were performed. The patient also received treatment with intravenous; amphotericin B followed by oral itraconazole. Six months later, the skin lesions had healed, leaving some scar and deformities.
Adhesives ; Amphotericin B ; Arm ; Aspergillosis* ; Aspergillus ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Debridement ; Drug Therapy ; Fungi ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Itraconazole ; Leukemia* ; Male ; Skin ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the surgical outcomes and complications of new pediatric intraocular lens in congenital cataract. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 29 eyes of 22 patients diagnosed with congenital cataract that underwent optic capture following lens emulsification. New pediatric intraocular lens (LJC 575A, Lucid Korea, Seoul, Korea) implantation into the bag was performed with posterior capsulorrhexis and anterior vitrectomy. RESULTS: After follow-up of 17.79+/-7.08 months, 15 eyes showed a visual acuity of 0.5 or above, and 10 (71.4%) of the 14 eyes showed a visual acuity of 20/470 or above. As for complications, posterior synechia developed in 8 eyes, exudative membrane was found in 3 eyes, iris capture by IOL haptic was found in 1 eye, and slight opacification of posterior capsule was identified in 1 eye. CONCLUSIONS: Use of new 8 mm pediatric intraocular lens in congenital cataract may be considered selectively.
Capsulorhexis ; Cataract* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iris ; Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Membranes ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

No abstract available.
Cicatrix* ; Skin* ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures*

No abstract available.
Osteoblastoma* ; Spine*

Recently autogenous nerve graft was usually used for segmental defect of peripheal nerve injury. In case of inappropriate size or amount of donor nerve graft, there were many studies included nerve regeneration with special nerve conduit material. To compare the result of autogenous nerve graft with that of silicone tubing method in segmental defect of sciatic nerve, the experiments were carried out on adult rats with autogenous nerve graft on the left side and silicone tubing on the right side. The results were as follows; 1. Myelinated nerve fibers were larger in silicone tubing method than autogenous nerve graft at postop. 4 weeks. 2. There was no difference in nerve regeneration in both groups at postop. 12 weeks. 3. Some atrophic changes were showed in denervated muscles in both groups at postop. 4 weeks. Skeletal muscle changes between the two groups were meagre. 4. Perineural adhension was rare in silicone tubing group in contrast to autogenous nerve graft group. 5. Nerve Conduction Velocity was similar between autogenous nerve graft and silicone tubing method after 4 weeks postoperatively. In conclusion, this study suggests that silicone tubing can be useful method to repair the large nerve gaps and has a potential clinical utilization in large segmental nerve defect.
Adult ; Animals ; Autografts ; Humans ; Methods ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neural Conduction ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*