No Abstract Available.
Adult* ; Capsulorhexis* ; Cataract* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Aseptic*

We inspected reliability of A-constant of AMO SI-30NB by comparing target diopter and actual postoperative refractive status. Group 1 comprised 191 eyes which were implanted AMO PhacoFlex SI-30NB with corneal incision. Group 2 comprised 45 eyes implanted Pharmacia 812C with scleral incisions. Group 3 comprised 17 eyes implanted AMO OgaciFlex SI-30NB with corneal incision. Refraction was performed on post operative day 1, day 5, day 14, 1 month, and 3 month. It revealed hyperopic shift of 0.31 to 0.40 diopter compared to the target diopters in both Group 1 and Group 3 and no statistical difference was found between two groups(p value>0.05). On the other hand, Group 2 were statistically significant(p value<0.01). We attempted mathematical modelling of this phenomenon and the cause of hyperopylene haptics, structural weakness of haptic-optic junction, and the structure of SI-30NB itself.
Hand ; Models, Theoretical

No abstract available.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome* ; Vena Cava, Inferior*

To determine whether liposome-encapsulated tobramycin is less toxic than commercial tobramycin and the threshold dose of liposome-encapsulated tobramycin required to produce toxic reactions when it was injected intravitreally in rabbit, we used liposome-encapsulated tobramycin, tobramycin in PBS, mixture of tobramycin and liposome-encapsulated saline, liposome-encapsulated saline and normal saline respectively. After those were injected, we examined the histologic findings and the functional changes of the retina. The final results are summarized as follows; 1. When tobramycin was injected intravitreally alone, there was no toxic reaction of the retina histologically and functionally with dosage 500 micro gram of commercial tobramycin, but dosage more than 750 micro gram produced toxic reaction. 2. When liposome-encapsulated tobramycin was injected intravitreally, there was toxic reaction of the retina histologically and functionally with dosage 1500 micro gram of tobramycin. 3. When a mixture of tobramycin and liposome-encapsulated saline was injected intravitreally, there was similar toxic reaction as tobramycin used alone with dosage more than 750 micro gram of tobramycin. Liposome-encapsulated saline and normal saline did not produce toxic reaction. The above results indicate that liposome encapsulation markedly reduces the ocular toxicity of tobramycin and that as mnch as dosage 1000 micro gram of liposome-encapsulated tobramycin may be tolerated by the intravitreal route in the rabbit eye. Therefore, the results of this study offer some hope that we may use the method of intravitreal injection of liposome-encapsulated tobramycin safely and effeciently for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis in near future.
Endophthalmitis ; Hope ; Intravitreal Injections ; Liposomes ; Rabbits* ; Retina* ; Tobramycin*

The potential acuity meter(PAM) has been reported to be a useful instrument for predicting postoperative visual acuity after cataract extraction surgery. Forty nine eyes were tested with PAM before surgery, and the best postopertive visual acuity was obtained. The PAM accurately predicted the postoperative visual acuity to within three lines in 90.0% of the cases. When the test is in error, the tendency is for the PAM to underestimate the final acuity rather than to overestimate. Especially under undilated pupil, in dense cataracts (<20/200),and,in posterior subcapsular and cortical cataracts, the PAM tends to underestimate further.
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Pupil ; Visual Acuity*

Contrast sensitivity measurements were obtained from 45 patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) who had normal Snellen acuity and minimal or no visible diabetic retinopathy. Contrast sensitivity thresholds were determined with a convenient microcomputer driven display system developed by the members of Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. The data obtained from each diabetic. patients were compared with the normal contrast sensitivity of Korean(Lee et al, 1984). We found that, 1) The patients with NIDDM and no retinopathy had abnormal contrast sensitivity at two spatial frequencies (0.4 and 27.4 LP/D). 2) The patients with NIDDM and background retinopathy had abnormal contrast sensitivity at nearly all spatial frequencies tested. We also found a dissociation of Snellen acuity and contrast sensitivity and that contrast sensitivity can be used as an early index of changes in the retina not demonstrated by measurements of visual acuity.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Ophthalmology ; Retina ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of sutureless clear corneal phacoemulsification with foldable posterior intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: We measured the IOP using both a non-contact pneumotonometer and a Goldmann applanation tonometer preoperatively and postoperatively (1, 3, 10, 30, 60 and 90 days). In operation, the incision site was determined depending on the axis of preoperative corneal astigmatism and divided into two groups: Temporal (Group 1) and Superior clear corneal incision (Group 2). It is postulated that if there is more damage to the surrounding tissue in superior incision group due to poorer surgical accessibility than temporal group, it may affect on postoperative IOP. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP of Group 1 (59 eyes) and Group 2 (41 eyes) were 14.6 mmHg and 14.3 mmHg respectively. At postoperative 1 day, the IOP decreased in both groups by 14.2 mmHg and 14.0 mmHg respectively (p>0.05), and at 3 days, 13.1 mmHg and 13.2 mmHg respectively (p<0.05). And from then on, there was no statistically significant change to 3 months. The mean IOP of postoperative 3 months was 12.9 mmHg in both groups; decreased to 1.7 mmHg and 1.4 mmHg respectively compared to preoperative value (p<0.05). In all periods of this study, there was no significant difference between two groups and between two methods of measurement. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in case of uncomplicated senile cataract, sutureless clear corneal phacoemulsification with foldable posterior intraocular lens implantation reduces the IOP in short term follow up period.
Astigmatism ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification

There are many unknown factors in the surgical treatment of congenital cataract such as time of surgery, surgical problems, and aphakic visual correction. Recently, the advancement of microsurgical technique and visual rehabilitation have reduced the rate of postoperative complications and visual losses. We have studied 81 eyes of 55 patients who had recieved cataract surgery from January 1994 to January 1998 at the department of ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. These eyes have been categorized by age into three groups : Group l (0~1 year), Group ll (2~5 years), and Group lll(6~10 years). Cataract extraction was done in all eyes and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was performed in groups ll and lllfor aphakic visual correction and the followings were investigated : preoperative vision; surgical method; postoperative vision; refractive error;and complications. Improvements in surgical procedures such as lens aspiration, posterior continuous circular capsulorhexis, anterior vitrectomy, intraocular lens implantation, and intraocular lens capture (Group ll) have brought better visual outcomes in groups II and III as well as decreased incidence of after-cataract. Thus, intraocular lens implantation in congenital cataract of 1year and older should actively be considered.
Capsulorhexis ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Ophthalmology ; Postoperative Complications ; Rehabilitation ; Vitrectomy

The importance of the preoperative intraocular pressure cannot be overemphasized for cataract operation. We compared the preoperative intraocular pressure between the conventional retrobulbar anesthesia technique and the pin point anesthesia technique with different anesthetic dosage using tono-pen in 23 patients(41 eyes) divided into 4 groups. In the 1st group(10 eyes), after conventional retrobulbar injection was performed using 3ml of 2% lidocaine, digital massage was done for 10 minutes. In 2nd group(13 eyes), 2% lidocaine 1.0ml was injected into subtenon's space(true muscle cone) through the small hole in the superior temporal quadrant 8mm posterior to limbus using specially designed blunt, curved cannula without any method to decrease the intraocular pressure (pin point anesthesia). In the 3rd group(13 eyes), and 4th group(5 eyes), same procedure was performed as 2nd group using 0.75ml and 0.50ml of 2% lidocaine respectively. As a results, in 1st group, average intraocular pressure was decreased around 5.6mm Hg after digital massage. In the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th group, preoperative intraocular pressure increased by 2.2, 0.8, and 0.5mmHg. As comparison of three group of the pin point anesthesia, in the 2nd group, sometimes there were mild chemosis, in the 4th group, often discomfort, in contrast, in 3rd group there were no chemosis, pain or discomfort. As a conclusion we want to recommend a pin poit anesthesia using 0.75ml of 2% lidocaine for the routine cataract operation.
Anesthesia* ; Cataract ; Catheters ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Lidocaine ; Massage