PURPOSE: This study was to explore subjectivity on childbearing in high school students. METHODS: A Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each type was used. Forty-three high school students classified 40 selected Q-statements into 9 points standard. The obtained data were analyzed by using the pc-QUANL program. RESULTS: High school students' subjectivity on childbearing were analyzed into two types: Type 1 turned out to be 'FOLS (family oriented life style)' and Type 2 'CINK (couple important no kid)'. CONCLUSION: In order to resolve such problems as low birth rate and the advanced age of the population, effective youth and adult programs, policy and institution are required. The current demographic, economic and other factors such as personal values and policies may lower birth rate. In particular, youths' need for children and birth rate tend to be lower. There are positive and negative patterns in high school students' subjectivity on childbearing. Thus, national and social efforts are needed to change negative factors into positive ones. In order to maintain positive subjectivity on childbearing in high school students, it is necessary to apply family-centered educational programs and to implement birth-friendly and realistic programs for promoting child birth.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Birth Rate ; Child ; Humans ; Parturition

Background: Perioperative anaphylaxis is a life-threatening clinical condition characterized by severe respiratory and cardiovascular manifestations. Neuromuscular blocking agents are the most common cause of anaphylaxis during anesthesia. Case: We report a case of rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis treated with sugammadex. A 75–year-old woman was scheduled to undergo spinal surgery. She had no history of allergies. After the injection of rocuronium, she developed hypotension and tachycardia, and skin rashes and urticaria appeared. The patient received sugammadex to delay the operation, and her vital signs were stabilized. On the 76th postoperative day, we performed intradermal tests for rocuronium, propofol, and cefazolin. Diluted rocuronium alone induced 14 mm of flare and 8 mm of wheal within 5 min, both of which disappeared within 15 min after the intradermal injection. Conclusions Sugammadex is a useful rocuronium antagonist that can be used to treat rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis.

Background: The OptiscopeTM and the backward, upward, rightward pressure (BURP) maneuver are widely used in clinical practice because the BURP maneuver facilitates intubation by improving visualization of the larynx. However, the effect of the BURP maneuver is unclear when using the OptiscopeTM. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the effect of the BURP maneuver on intubation using the OptiscopeTM. Methods: Sixty-eight patients intubated with the OptiscopeTM were enrolled. We used the BURP maneuver in Group A (n = 33) and the conventional maneuver (which does not use the BURP maneuver) in Group B (n = 35). BURP application status was a binary variable representing whether the BURP maneuver was used during the intubation. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of the BURP application status on intubation time controlling for body mass index, preoperative dental injury status, obstructive sleep apnea history, thyromental distance, sternomental distance (SMD), interincisor distance, history of neck rotation restriction, and Mallampati classification. Results: There was no difference in the intubation time between the two groups. According to the regression model (R2 = 0.308, P = 0.007), the BURP maneuver (Group A) decreased the intubation time by 6.089 seconds (95% confidence interval 1.303–10.875, P = 0.014) compared to Group B. Conclusion The BURP maneuver reduced intubation time when using the OptiscopeTM.

Facial depression is not rare conditions caused by soft tissue loss or bone distortion. In such conditions, autogenous bone, cartilage and bioacceptible materials are used for soft tissue augmentation. De Nicola used silicone rubber implant first in 1950. That after, silicone implants are used for bone defect and soft tissue augmentation. We experienced 31-year-old male patient who injured open depressed fracture of right temporal bone. He was operated with autogenous bone graft for bone defect area and silicone implants for soft tissue augmentation. After about 6 years later, mass palpated in right temporal area. There was no inflammatory sign in physical examination and CT finding. So we removed hyperfibrotic tissue totally with previous inserted silicone implants and augmented soft tissue with pored Medpor(R) block. In light microscopic findings, only tissue hyperfibrosis were proved without inflammatory cell, such as giant cell or ephithelioid cell.
Adult ; Cartilage ; Depression ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Silicone Elastomers ; Temporal Bone ; Transplants

Alloplastic implants have been used to repair orbital wall fractures in most cases. Orbital hemorrhage is a rare complication of these implants and has been reported rarely in Korea. The purpose of this article is to report a late complication case focusing on their etiology and management. A 20-year-old male patient underwent open reduction with Medpor (porous polyethylene) insertion for bilateral orbital floor fractures. The initial symptom occurred with proptosis in the right side as well as vertical dystopia, which had started 4 days earlier, 8 months after surgery. Any trauma history after the surgery was not present. We performed an exploration and removal of hematoma with Medpor titanium meshed alloplastic implant. A case of delayed orbital hematoma following alloplastic implant insertion was identified. It occurred within the pseudocapsule of the implant. One week after surgery, overall symptoms improved successfully, and no complications were reported during the 11-month follow-up period. Although rare, orbital hemorrhage is a potential complication of alloplastic orbital floor implants, which may present many years after surgery. As in the case presented, delayed hematoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of late proptosis or orbital dystopia.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Exophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Orbit* ; Titanium ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the effects of bisphosphonates on bony healing in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Most previous studies used animal models and found that bisphosphonate shows negative effects on spinal fusion consolidation. We intended to evaluate the effect of a single-dose of zoledronic acid on the volume of the fusion-mass in lumbar spinal fusion. METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out on 44 patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent one or two-level posterolateral fusion from January 2008 and January 2011. They were divided into 4 groups: group 1, autograft and zoledronic acid; group 2, allograft and zoledronic acid; group 3, autograft alone; and group 4, allograft alone. Functional radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography scans were used to evaluate and quantify the volume of the fusion-mass. The visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the short form 36 (SF-36) were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The mean volume of the fusion-mass per level was 8,814 mm3, 8,035 mm3, 8,383 mm3, and 7,550 mm3 in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, but there were no significant differences between the groups (p = 0.829). There were no significant decreases in the volume of the fusion-mass (p = 0.533) in the zoledronic acid groups (groups 1 and 2). The VAS, the ODI, and the SF-36 at the 6-month follow-up after surgery were not significantly different (p > 0.05) among the 4 groups. The VAS, the ODI, and the SF-36 were not correlated with the volume of the fusion-mass (p = 0.120, 0.609, 0.642). CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of zoledronic acid does not decrease the volume of the fusion-mass in patients undergoing spinal fusion with osteoporosis. Therefore, we recommend that zoledronic acid may be used after spinal fusion in osteoporotic patients.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/*therapeutic use ; Diphosphonates/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Imidazoles/*therapeutic use ; Lumbar Vertebrae/drug effects/pathology/radiography/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion/adverse effects/*methods ; Spinal Stenosis/pathology/radiography/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract and can cause cervical cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate HPV vaccination status and related factors among male and female college students. METHODS: The study subjects were 489 students conveniently sampled from Seoyeong University located in Gwangju. General characteristics, HPV vaccination status and knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV infection were collected by self- administered questionnaires between August 25 and September 19. The collected data were analyzed by chi-square tests, t-tests and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Of 328 female students, 22.9% were vaccinated. But none of the male students (n=161) were vaccinated. Vaccination intention of male and female students were 18.6% and 55.5%, respectively. In multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for HPV vaccination were significantly high in female subjects with high allowance (aOR=2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13-4.42) or high knowledge score of cervical cancer (OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.02-1.16). Intention of HPV vaccination were associated with participation in school clubs, chronic disease and knowledge score of cervical cancer in male students. In female students, school record, family history, self-rated health and knowledge score of cervical cancer were associated with intention of vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: HPV vaccination rate was found to be low. Prevention efforts considering these results might be helpful in increasing HPV vaccination rate and reducing HPV-associated health risks.
Chronic Disease ; Female* ; Gwangju ; Humans* ; Intention* ; Logistic Models ; Male* ; Odds Ratio ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination*

Although intracranial hemorrhage from arteriovenous malformation (AVM) during pregnancy is rare, it can have fatal consequences. Anesthetic techniques for these patients should ensure precise hemodynamic control, and the goals of anesthesia should include both fetal and maternal well-being. We report a case of anesthetic management for cesarean section in a 31-year-old woman who presented at 32 weeks gestation with an acute intracranial hemorrhage secondary to rupture of a previously diagnosed AVM. Our medical team decided to perform emergent cesarean section under regional anesthesia before transferring the patient to the neurosurgical intensive care unit for further monitoring and appropriate postoperative pain control. The patient was alert and cooperative during neuraxial anesthesia. The operation was successful, and the patient showed gradual improvement in neurosurgical status after several days. We concluded that in case of emergency, regional anesthesia can be a safe strategy for cesarean section in a pregnant woman with symptomatic AVM.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Cesarean Section ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Rupture

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mobility and ratio of the bone-implant contact (BIC) of a sandblasted, large grit and acid-etched (SLA) orthodontic micro-implant. METHODS: Ninety-six micro-implants (48 SLA and 48 machined) were implanted in the upper and lower buccal alveolar bone, and palatal bone of four beagle dogs. Two weeks after surgery, orthodontic force (150 - 200 g) was applied. Two beagles were sacrificed at 4-weeks and the other two at 12-weeks. Histomorphometric comparisons were made between the SLA experimental group and the machined micro-implant as a control group to determine the ratio of contact between the bone and implant. Micro-implant mobility was also evaluated using Periotest(R). RESULTS: Periotest values showed no statistically significant difference in the upper alveolar and palatal bone between groups except for the lower buccal area. BIC in the upper buccal area showed no significant difference between groups both at 4-weeks and 12-weeks. However, both the groups showed a significant difference in BIC ratio in the rest of the experimental areas between 4 weeks and 12 weeks. The experimental group showed active bone remodeling around the bone-implant interface compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in the BIC and the Periotest values between the surface-treated and machined micro-implants according to bone quality in the early stage.
Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Dogs ; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds ; Osseointegration

Background: Some working conditions may pose a higher physical or psychological demand to pregnant women leading to increased risks of pregnancy complications. Objectives: We assessed the association of woman's employment status and the industrial classification with obstetric complications. Methods: We conducted a national population study using the National Health Information Service database of Republic of Korea. Our analysis encompassed 1,316,310 women who experienced first-order live births in 2010–2019. We collected data on the employment status and the industrial classification of women, as well as their diagnoses of preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) classified as A1 (well controlled by diet) or A2 (requiring medication). We calculated odds ratios (aORs) of complications per employment, and each industrial classification was adjusted for individual risk factors. Results: Most (64.7%) were in employment during pregnancy. Manufacturing (16.4%) and the health and social (16.2%) work represented the most prevalent industries. The health and social work exhibited a higher risk of PE (aOR = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.21), while the manufacturing industry demonstrated a higher risk of class A2 GDM (1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.41) than financial intermediation. When analyzing both classes of GDM, women who worked in public administration and defense/social security showed higher risk of class A1 GDM (1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07). When comparing high-risk industries with nonemployment, the health and social work showed a comparable risk of PE (1.02, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.07). Conclusion Employment was associated with overall lower risks of obstetric complications. Health and social service work can counteract the healthy worker effect in relation to PE. This highlights the importance of further elucidating specific occupational risk factors within the high-risk industries.