The pulmonary cavernous hemangioma is usually from birth and there may be without symptoms until adulthood. Larger or multiple pulmonary angiomata with considerable pulmonary arteriovenous shunts may cause cyanosis, finger clubbing, dyspnea and frequently accompanyingbruit. Recently, we experienced a case of cavernous hemangioma of the lung. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for surgical evaluation of a 4 cm solitary, round nodule in the right upper lobe on the chest X-ray and CT scan. She had no symptoms. Laboratory findings are within normal limits except for elevated glucose levels. At surgery, the mass was well encapsulated and easily excised from the peripheral portion of the posterior segment of the right upper lobe. Grossly, it consisted of a 4 cm in diameter, round, soft, sponge-like, hemorrhagic, slightly lobulated mass with a smooth external surface. Microscopically, the mass was composed of vessels, which were thin walled, dilated and filled with blood. The wall of the abnormal vessels was thin and composed of endothelium and fibrous connective tissue with only a little smooth muscle. Immunohistochemically, the wall of the dilated abnormal vessesls showed negative reaction for cytokeratin(low and high) and epithelial membrane antigen but weakly positive reaction for UEA-1 in focal areas.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Hemangioma

PURPOSE: This descriptive - comparison study was conducted to investigate the critical thinking disposition of senior nursing students in three types of nursing program. Method: The convenience sample was drawn from 472 nursing students. Instruments used in this study were made California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory developed by Facione & Facione (1994). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test with SAS 6.12 program. RESULTS: 1. The total mean score of critical thinking disposition was 279.06. Inquisitiveness was the highest with an mean score 45.50, while systematicity was the lowest with mean score of 36.15. There was a statistically significant difference in critical thinking disposition(F=14.36, p=.00)according to senior nursing students in three types of nursing programs. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in critical thinking disposition(F=5.53, p=.00) according to age, marital status(t=-3.15, p=.00), religion(F=3.26, p=.02) and critical thinking course taken previously(t=3.10, p=.00). CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant difference in critical thinking disposition(F=14.36, p=.00) according to senior nursing students in three types of nursing program. There was a statistically significant difference in Critical thinking disposition according to age, marital status, religion, logic, philosophy, critical thinking course.
California ; Humans ; Logic ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Philosophy ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking*

PURPOSE: This descriptive - comparison study was conducted to investigate the critical thinking disposition of senior nursing students in three types of nursing program. Method: The convenience sample was drawn from 472 nursing students. Instruments used in this study were made California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory developed by Facione & Facione (1994). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test with SAS 6.12 program. RESULTS: 1. The total mean score of critical thinking disposition was 279.06. Inquisitiveness was the highest with an mean score 45.50, while systematicity was the lowest with mean score of 36.15. There was a statistically significant difference in critical thinking disposition(F=14.36, p=.00)according to senior nursing students in three types of nursing programs. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in critical thinking disposition(F=5.53, p=.00) according to age, marital status(t=-3.15, p=.00), religion(F=3.26, p=.02) and critical thinking course taken previously(t=3.10, p=.00). CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant difference in critical thinking disposition(F=14.36, p=.00) according to senior nursing students in three types of nursing program. There was a statistically significant difference in Critical thinking disposition according to age, marital status, religion, logic, philosophy, critical thinking course.
California ; Humans ; Logic ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Philosophy ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to understand the meaning of mind control as it is understood by elderly persons in Korea. METHOD: This study was conducted by engaging three elderly persons who are over the age of sixty five and presently residing in Seoul. Several in depth interviews were conducted with these individuals from March 2003 until November 2003. The contents of the interviews were analyzed using the Giorgi Method (1985), which places the emphasis on discovering meaning within the phenomenological context of an individual's experience. RESULTS: The analysis of the contents revealed the following four components with regard to the meaning of mind control for elderly persons (1) Settling the mind (2) Gradual lowering of expectations and hope for the success of offspring, (3) Having good thoughts and acting accordingly, and (4) Making up one's mind to follow the 'natural flow of life'. CONCLUSION: By allowing a wider and deeper understanding of the meaning of mind control for elderly persons the results of this study provide a basis for improving the care of elderly with a holistic perspective.
Aged* ; Hope ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Change Events ; Seoul

This study was alone to identify the meaning and the essence of the menopause experience by means of the Colaizzi's phenomenological method. The participants were eight women, 48-60 years old, who were experiencing perimenopause or postmenopause. They were selected using a theoretical sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from April 6 to May 20, 1999. The interviews took from 40 to 90 minutes. Interviews were tape- recorded and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Significant statements from data were extracted. From these formulated meanings, 18 themes, 8 clusters of themes and 3 catagories were constructed. Final descriptions were found to be valid through the interviewee validation process. Essential themes of the menopausal experience which emerged were "coming of change", "inclined to deny the in mind", and "adapted life". Menopause, as coming of change was the turning point in the women's life cycle acompaning changes, in body and mind and marital life changes. Especially, the unpredictable menopausal changes were an opportunity to hide the fact of menopause and not to talk with anybody. Such a phenomenon reflected on the psychological attributes of menopausal woman such as an inclination to deny in the mind. Their experiences of menopause as adapted life were generally regarded as signalling the end of fertility and were interpreted as a natural developmental process that indicates a life transition. In conclusion, participants depicted the menopause as a natural stage in the life cycle. In order to help women have a positive life change and self accomplishment, nurses need to understand the essential themes of the menopausal experience. Thus, the importance of an open approach in eliciting the phenomena of menopause cannot be overemphasized. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that exercise program is one of the effective interventions to improve the self-efficacy and also to lower the fatigue in the sample of female college students.
Climacteric ; Fatigue ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Menopause ; Perimenopause ; Postmenopause

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship between critical thinking disposition and problem solving ability in nursing students, thereby providing basic data for nursing education. METHOD: A convenience sample was drawn from 161 nursing students. Data were collected from June 2008 to October 2008. Instruments used in the study were the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) developed by Facione & Facione (1992) and the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) developed by Heppner & Petersen (1982). The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: The total mean score for CCTDI was 278.41 and PSI was 119.23. For general characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in CCTDI according to satisfaction with nursing majors (F=6.29, p=.00) and PSI according to academic achievement (F=3.45, p=.02) and marital status (t=2.43, p=.02). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between CCTDI and PSI. Critical thinking self-confidence, Analyticity and Inquisitiveness were significant predictors of PSI. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that critical thinking disposition influences problem solving ability. Therefore, the findings provide significant basic data for nursing education and nursing practice.
Achievement ; California ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Problem Solving ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia through controlling activation and signaling of neurotransmitter receptors. Influence to schizophrenia development by the NRG1 gene may differ in individuals, and genetic polymorphism is one of the factors affecting their differences. Association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7014762, -1174 A/T; rs11998176, -788 A/T; rs3924999, Arg253Gln) of NRG1 and the development of schizophrenia was analyzed in 221 schizophrneia and 359 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were performed to obtain genotype data of NRG1 SNPs of the subjects. In analysis of genetic data, multiple logistic regression models (codominant1, codominant2, dominant, recessive, and log-additive model) were applied. SNPStats and SPSS 18.0 were used to calculate odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-value of each model. The genotype distributions of rs3924999 were associated with schizophrenia development (OR=0.67, 95% CI=0.47-0.95, p=0.022 in the dominant model and OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.51-0.93, p=0.013 in the log-addtive model) and allelic distributions also showed significant association (OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.52-0.93, p=0.014). The results suggest that rs3924999 of the NRG1 gene may be associated with schizophrenia susceptibility.
Genotype ; Logistic Models ; Neuregulin-1 ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of urinary incontinence and lower urinary symptoms, to identify lifestyle and sexual matters for UI of adult women in an urban area. METHOD: The sample consisted of 364 educated women from a women's health education program in a public health center. For data collection, the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Questionnaire developed by Jackson, et. al.(1996) and the demographic questionnaire were used. For data analysis, SAS 8.2 program was used. RESULT: The results were as follows: 1. the prevalence rate of UI was 73.63%. 45.88% of them were stress incontinence and 27.75% of them were urge incontinence. 2. Remarkable differences were found between the type of UI and LUTS in the case of urgency(x2=42.0585, P<0.001), unexplained incontinence(x2=59.0585, P<0.001), noctural incontinence(x2=18.8080, P<0.001) and catetherization(x2=10.7207, P= 0.004), burning sense(x2=27.7400, P<0.001). 3. Remarkable differences were found between the type of UI and lifestyle matters in the cases as follows fluid intake restriction(x2=31.0532, P=0.008), interference in physical activity(x2= 36.7481, P=0.001), interference in relation with others(x2=22.2729, P=0.034). 4. Remarkable differences were found between the type of UI and sexual matters with difficulty of sexual intercourse(x2=16.1898, P=0.002), and urine leakage during sexual intercourse(x2=17.9752, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, developing and carrying out an adequate UI care and education program is needed.
Adult ; Burns ; Data Collection ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Statistics as Topic ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Women's Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The activity of Mg++-dependent, Ca++-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) of rat liver mitochondria was studied at varying medium compositions, pH and temperatures. The enzyme system was characteristically sensitive to Ca++ concentration with a KmCa of approximately 0.06 mM. The optimal concentration of Mg was about l mM, above which the enzyme activity was progressively inhibited. The inhibitory effect of high Mg++ concentrations appeared to be due to the alteration of the Mg++/ATP ratio. Variations in the Mg++/ATP ratio affected Vmax but not the KmATP. The pH optimum for enzyme activity increased as the incubation temperature decreased, but the optimal OH-/H+ ratio of the medium was constant at around 0.1, regardless of temperature. The activity of the enzyme was not affected by La# (0.01-1 mM) and Ruthenium red (2.5-10.0 microM). These results indicate that 1) the enzymatic characteristics of the Ca-ATPase system in the rat liver mitochondria is typical of those from other tissue preparations, 2) the enzyme system maintains the most effective catalytic conformation at a fixed level of OH-/H+ ratio of 0.1 when the temperature changes, and 3) the enzyme system may not play a role in the physiological transport of Ca++ in mitochondria.
Animal ; Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase/metabolism* ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Female ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Male ; Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology* ; Rats ; Temperature

Renal Na+, K+-activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) activity and the p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport kinetics were studied in uninephrectomized rats and cold exposed hamsters. In rats, the specific activity of renal Na-K-ATPase increased by approximately 50% in one week after uninephrectomy and remained more or less constant during the next three weeks. The capacity (Jmax) of PAH influx into the renal cortical slice was sharply increased in one week after nephrectomy, but after which it returned to the control level. In cold exposed hamsters, the specific activity of renal Na-K-ATPase did not increase until 48 days of cold exposure at which time it reached approximately 50% above the control level. On the other hand, the Jmax of PAH influx increased by about 80% in 10 days of co1d exposure and somewhat declined thereafter. These results suggest that PAH active transport in the renal slice is not ratelimited by the activity of Na-K-ATPase under physiological conditions.
Aminohippuric Acids/metabolism* ; Animal ; Biological Transport, Active ; Female ; Hamsters ; Hibernation ; Kidney/enzymology* ; Male ; Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism* ; Nephrectomy ; Rats ; p-Aminohippuric Acid/metabolism*