The results of ABO blood typing in 64-year-old patient with chronic renal and heart failure were positive with anti-B, delayed and weak positive with anti-A in the slide method for the cell typing, mixed-field agglutiniation by light microscopy in the tube method for the cell typing, and also was negative in anti-A, lectin and positive in anti-H, therefore blood typing of this patient was confirmed to A3B.
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Microscopy ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: To compare the tissue reactions of various water-soluble and oil-based contrast agents on the endometrium, salpingeat mucosa, and peritoneum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three rabbits were used for evaluating the histologic reactions of uterine endometrium, salpinx, and peritoneum. Hysterosalpingography(HSG) was underwent in these rabbits by using Lipiodol, Hexabrix, Rayvist, Ultravist-300, Ultravist-370, and normal saline. Pathotogic results were obtained in each of the six groups from the uterine endometrium, salpingeal mucosa, and peritoneum without knowledge of the contrast agent used and time interval from HSG. RESULTS: Mild inflammations were observed in the endometrium, salpingeal mucosa, and peritoneum during the first week of HSG in all rabbits in which water-soluble contrast agents were used. Although there was no significant difference in the degree of inflammation among the groups using various contrast agents, the group with oil-based contrast agent(Lipiodoi) showed delayed absorption of contrast agent in the peritoneum, frequent intravasation, fat granuloma, peritoneal adhesion, or uterine infarction. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that water-soluble contrast agents can be used safely for HSG, but the use of oil-based contrast agent is questionable in safety and should be avoided in patients with tubal obstruction, salpingitis, or endometritis.
Absorption ; Contrast Media* ; Endometritis ; Endometrium* ; Ethiodized Oil ; Fallopian Tube Diseases ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Infarction ; Inflammation ; Ioxaglic Acid ; Mucous Membrane* ; Peritoneum* ; Rabbits ; Salpingitis

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus and its infections occur commonly after renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. Early and accurate laboratory diagnosis of CMV infection in renal transplant is necessary but often difficult. To find optimal diagnostic methods for CMV infection, we compared shell vial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot of PCR products. A total of 301 specimens of urine, blood neutrophils, tissues, or body fluids were obtained from 75 renal transplant recipients and were submitted to shell vial culture for CMV as well as DNA PCR using primers for immediate early(IE) gene of CMV. The human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) was used to culture CMV and were examined with immunofluorescence staining using monoclonal antibody to the early antigen of CMV. The PCR products (274 and 379 bp) were detected by gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. When PCR products were not clearly visible on electrophoresis, PCR products were analyzed by Southern blot using IE gene probe. Sixty four(85.3%) of 75 renal transplant recipients showed CMV infection as analyzed by PCR and Southern blot as well as shell vial culture. On shell vial culture, CMV were detected in 81 specimens from 30(40%) renal transplant recipients in viremic state. On PCR and Southern blot analysis CMV were detected in 55 and 26 specimens, respectively from 59 patients. The sensitivity of culture and PCR to detect CMV infection were 42.4% and 83.3%, respectively. The results of two studies were concordant in 48%. PCR and Southern blot did not detect CMV in 10 and 5 culture proven CMV positive samples, respectively. Mutant CMV were found in 3 patients which showed 5-10 bp deletion in IE gene. Moreover, DNA sequencing analysis showed 5 mutant strains among 11 strains which appeared same by PCR prodcut. These results suggest that PCR followed by Southern blot may be more sensitive, but less specific than shell vial culture in the diagnosis of CMV disease. PCR followed by Southern blot may not detect mutant CMV. Combined analysis using both shell vial culture and PCR followed by Southern blot may be necessary to diagnose CMV infection in renal transplant recipients.
Blotting, Southern ; Body Fluids ; Cell Line ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Diagnosis ; DNA* ; Electrophoresis ; Ethidium ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Neutrophils ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transplantation*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of urinary incontinence and lower urinary symptoms, to identify lifestyle and sexual matters for UI of adult women in an urban area. METHOD: The sample consisted of 364 educated women from a women's health education program in a public health center. For data collection, the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Questionnaire developed by Jackson, et. al.(1996) and the demographic questionnaire were used. For data analysis, SAS 8.2 program was used. RESULT: The results were as follows: 1. the prevalence rate of UI was 73.63%. 45.88% of them were stress incontinence and 27.75% of them were urge incontinence. 2. Remarkable differences were found between the type of UI and LUTS in the case of urgency(x2=42.0585, P<0.001), unexplained incontinence(x2=59.0585, P<0.001), noctural incontinence(x2=18.8080, P<0.001) and catetherization(x2=10.7207, P= 0.004), burning sense(x2=27.7400, P<0.001). 3. Remarkable differences were found between the type of UI and lifestyle matters in the cases as follows fluid intake restriction(x2=31.0532, P=0.008), interference in physical activity(x2= 36.7481, P=0.001), interference in relation with others(x2=22.2729, P=0.034). 4. Remarkable differences were found between the type of UI and sexual matters with difficulty of sexual intercourse(x2=16.1898, P=0.002), and urine leakage during sexual intercourse(x2=17.9752, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, developing and carrying out an adequate UI care and education program is needed.
Adult ; Burns ; Data Collection ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Statistics as Topic ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Women's Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Salivary Glands*

Objectives: The objective of this study was to introduce the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), to describe use cases of SNOMED CT with the barriers and facilitators, and finally, to propose strategies for adopting and implementing SNOMED CT in Korea as a member of SNOMED International. Methods: We reviewed a collection of SNOMED CT documents, such as introductory materials, practical guides, technical specifications, and reference materials provided by SNOMED International and the literature on SNOMED CT published by researchers to identify use cases of SNOMED CT with barriers and facilitators. We also surveyed the attendees of SNOMED CT education and training series offered by the Korea Human Resource Development Institute for Health and Welfare to identify perceived barriers to adopting SNOMED CT in Korea. Results: We identified the barriers and facilitators to adopt SNOMED CT experienced by international terminology experts and prospective Korean users. They were related to governance and infrastructure, support services for use, education and training programs, use cases, and vendor capability to implement SNOMED CT. Based on these findings, we identified strategies for adopting and implementing SNOMED CT in Korea. They included the establishment of SNOMED CT management infrastructure, the development of SNOMED CT education and training programs for various user groups, the provision of support services for SNOMED CT use, and the development of SNOMED CT use cases. Conclusions These strategies for the adoption and implementation of SNOMED CT need to be executed step by step.

PURPOSE: Bacterial meningitis in childhood carries significant mortality and morbidity, so accurate and rapid diagnosis is important. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) latex agglutination test has been used for rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. However, urine may be the best specimen for a latex test, because bacterial antigens are concentrated in the urine. The study tried to determine the diagnostic value of urine latex test in bacterial meningitis. METHODS: We evaluated 219 patients who were suspected with bacterial meningitis and examined CSF Gram stain, CSF culture, CSF latex test and urine latex test. And 17 patients with bacterial meningitis were followed up at post-antibiotics 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of urine latex test in bacterial meningitis were 82.4% and 99.4%. In H. influenzae type b meningitis, the sensitivity and specificity of urine latex test were 100% and 99.4%. The positive rates of urine latex tests after antibiotics treatment persisted significantly longer than the positive rates of CSF culture, smear and latex test. CONCLUSOIN: Urine latex test was as useful as CSF smear and CSF latex test during the early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The urine latex test was more valuable than CSF smear, latex, and culture in partially treated bacterial meningitis, because of persistent positivity after antibiotics treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antigens, Bacterial ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Latex* ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial* ; Mortality ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: Low-dose dopamine (0.5-3 microgram/kg/min) increases renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and natriuresis and has protective and therapeutic effects on oliguric renal failures. Asphyxia is the most common cause of acute renal failure in neonates. But the protective effects of dopamine have never been reported in asphyxiated neonates. So we reported the effects of low-dose dopamine on the renal function of asphyxiated neonates. METHODS: Twenty-seven asphyxiated neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Ewha Womans University hospital, from September, 1995 to June, 1997, were randomized to dopamine group (N=14, dopamine 0.5-3 microgram/kg/min) and control group (N=13). Serum creatinine (Pcr) and Na (PNa), urine creatinine (Ucr) and Na (UNa), urine output, creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), fractional excretion of Na (FENa) of two groups were compared on postnatal day 1, 3, 5. Incidences of acute renal failure and neonatal complications were also checked. RESULTS: The postnatal changes of Pcr (mg/dL), Ccr (mL/min/1.73m2) and FENa (%), on lst, 3rd & 5th days were not significnatly diffrent between dopamine group and control group. The postnatal changes of UNa (mmol/day) and urine output (ml/kg/hr) in dopamine group on 1st, 3rd & 5th days were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). The incidence of acute renal failure, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patient ductus arteriosus, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis were not significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSION: Low-dose dopamine, which was prophylactically given after birth in asphyxiated neonates, showed natriuretic and diuretic effects without significant increase of glomerular function.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Asphyxia ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Creatinine ; Diuretics ; Dopamine* ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Natriuresis ; Parturition ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Renal Circulation ; Renal Insufficiency ; Sepsis

The authors devdeloped a computer program for automatic coding of ACR (American College of Radiology) code. The automatic coding of the ACR code is essential for computerization of the data in the department of radiology. This program was written in FoxBASE language and has been used for automatic coding of diagnosis in the Deparment of Radiology, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital since May 1992. The ACR dictionary files consisted of 11 files, one for the organ code and the others for the pathology code. The organ code was obtained by typing organ name or code number itself among the upper and lower level codes of the selected one that were simultaneously displayed on the screen. According to the first number of the selected organ code. the corresponding pathology code file was chosen augomatically. By the similar fashion of organ code selection, the proper pathologic dode was obtained. An example of obtained ACR code is "131.3661". This procedure was reproducible regardless of the number of fields of data. Bacause this program was written in "User's Defined Function" from, decoding of the stored ACR code was achieved by this same program and incoporation of this program into another data processing program was possible. This program had merits of simple operation, accurate and detail coding, and easy adjustment for another program. Therefore, this program can be used for automation of routine work in the department of radiology.
Automation ; Clinical Coding* ; Diagnosis ; Methods* ; Pathology ; Protestantism

PURPOSE: To find whether extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMi) changes the low urinary tract symptoms and sexual function in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: ExMi treatment was performed in 51 patients, diagnosed as National Institute of Health (NIH) type III prostatitis, with each treatment session composed of 10 min at 40Hz, 2 min rest and 10 min at 50Hz. Both before and after the completion of 8 sessions of ExMi, self-administered NIH-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires were completed to assess the changes in the patient's symptoms. RESULTS: Following the ExMi treatment, 25 of the 40 patients experienced a 30% or greater improvement of low urinary tract symptoms. The total NIH-CPSI scores ranged from 22.4 to 15.6 (p<0.05). Each domain of the NIH-CPSI was as follows: pain, from 9.0 to 6.2; urination, from 6.7 to 4.8 and effect on the quality of life, from 6.6 to 4.5, and 11 of the 26 patients experienced a 15% or greater improvement of their sexual function. The mean total IIEF scores ranged from 44.1+/-13.5 to 51.6+/-11.3 (p<0.05). Each domain of the IIEF was as follows: erectile function, from 19.5 7.0 to 21.7+/-5.6 (p<0.05); intercourse satisfaction, from 7.4+/-2.2 to 9.5+/-2.2 (p<0.05); orgasm function, from 6.5+/-2.2 to 6.6+/-2.6 (p=0.516); sexual desire, from 6.2+/-1.9 to 6.3+/-1.6 (p=0.294) and overall satisfaction from 5.4+/-1.5 to 7.3+/-1.3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: result, ExMi was shown to reduce the lower urinary tract symptoms, and enhances the sexual function in CPPS, suggesting ExMi is effective and may help in the management of CPPS.
Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Orgasm ; Pelvic Pain* ; Prostatitis ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Tract* ; Urination