The cephalometry can not always to evaluate accurate the real human skull. The reconstructed 3 dimensional image of CT(Computed Tomogram) is more popular method of human skull evaluation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference between the measurements with the cephalometry and that with the 3 dimensional image of CT. Fifteen patients who visited yeungnam university hospital(from Nov. 1999 to Feb. 2000) underwent computed tomography and cephalometry. The average age was a 32-years-old. We measured the midface height(ANS-N, SE-PNS, ANS-SD), the total face height (Me-N, Me-ANS, ANS-UIE, Me-LIE, Me-ID), the midface horizontal(ANS-PNS, PNS-A, PNS-UIE), and the lower face horizontal(Go-Pog, Go-B, Go-LIE). After the acquisition of measurements using 3 dimensional CT and cephalometry statistical analysis was done with paired t-test(p< 0.05). Measured data of the midface height, the total face height and the midface horizontal showed no difference between the length at the cephalometry and that of reconstructed 3 dimensional image of CT, but the lower face horizontal showed statistically significant difference between the two. Both cephalometry and 3 dimensional CT image were accurate method for the measurement of midface height, total facial height and midface horizontal. However for the measurement of lower face horizontal, 3 dimensional CT seems to be a more accurate and reliable method.
Cephalometry ; Humans ; Skull

BACKGROUND: Carotid atherosclerosis has been known to be associated with systemic inflammatory status. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between hepatitis viral infection or vaccination and carotid atherosclerosis in a relatively healthy population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 281 subjects (mean age+/-SD, y; 43.8+/-7.2) in the Chonbuk national university hospital. All the participants were examined for the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in both common carotid, carotid bulb, and internal carotid arteries. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and IgG antibodies against hepatitis B and C virus (anti-HBs and anti-HCV) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Twelve subjects (4.3%) were HBsAg seropositive and 6 (2.1%) were anti-HCV positive but the positivity did not affect the mean carotid IMT. However, the hepatitis B-exposure group including both the HBsAg positive and anti-HBs positive without vaccination history showed a significantly higher carotid IMT (mean+/-SD, mm; 0.757+/-0.107 vs. 0.728+/-0.105, P=0.031), even after adjusting for the potential confounders. And, in the subgroup having anti-HBs, the carotid IMT was lower in the hepatitis B vaccinated subjects than in the others (0.725+/-0.103 vs. 0.760+/-0.111, P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects exposed to the hepatitis B pathogen, even though they had anti-HBs, showed the higher carotid IMT, and the participants with a vaccination history demonstrated the lower IMT values. Subsequent study in a large representative population might be needed to further delineate the characteristic associations.
Antibodies ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Jeollabuk-do ; Vaccination

Visceral fat has been reported to be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We assessed the prevalence of both NAFLD and the MetS, measured visceral fat thickness VFT), and estimated the physical activity indexes of 224 relatively healthy hospital workers. We also investigated the associations between both VFT and physical activity index and each of NAFLD and the MetS. The MetS was diagnosed according to the guidelines outlined by the Adult Treatment Panel III, and NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Subjects with hepatitis B and C infections and those reporting moderate alcohol consumption were excluded from the study. The prevalence of the MetS was 11.6% and that of NAFLD was 41.5%. Many subjects with the MetS had NAFLD (73.1%), and some subjects with NAFLD (20.4%) also had several components of the MetS (p=0.001). VFT was significantly increased by both the addition of components of the MetS and the severity of NAFLD (p<0.001). In addition, VFT was independently associated with NAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.19) in subjects with more than 2 components of the MetS. In contrast, habitual physical activity was reversely associated with NAFLD (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.87). In conclusion, an increased visceral fat content and reduced physical activity could be not only biological markers but also therapeutic targets in the treatment of NAFLD and the MetS.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Pressure ; Comorbidity ; Fatty Liver/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism/complications ; *Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: At least 100 Ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1) mutations associated with malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease (CCD) have been identified, but 2 RYR1 mutations accompanying multiminicore myopathy in an MH and/or CCD family have been reported only rarely. METHODS: Fifty-three members of a large MH family were investigated with clinical, histopathologic, RYR1 mutation, and haplotyping studies. Blood creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin levels were also measured where possible. RESULTS: Sequencing of the entire RYR1 coding region identified a double RYR1 mutation (R2435H and A4295V) in MH/CCD regions 2 and 3. Haplotyping analysis revealed that the two missense heterozygous mutations (c.7304G>A and c.12891C>T) were always present on a common haplotype allele, and were closely cosegregated with histological multiminicores and elevated serum CK. All the subjects with the double mutation showed elevated serum CK and myoglobin, and the obtained muscle biopsy samples showed multiminicore lesions, but only two family members presented a late-onset, slowly progressive myopathy. CONCLUSIONS: We found multiminicore myopathy with clinical and histological variability in a large MH family with an unusual double RYR1 mutation, including a typical CCD-causing known mutant. These results suggest that multiminicore lesions are associated with the presence of more than two mutations in the RYR1 gene.
Alleles ; Biopsy ; Clinical Coding ; Creatine Kinase ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Malignant Hyperthermia ; Muscles ; Muscular Diseases ; Myoglobin ; Myopathies, Structural, Congenital ; Myopathy, Central Core ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Ryanodine ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The rate of diagnosis of gastric adenoma has increased because esophagogastroduodenoscopy is being performed at an increasingly greater frequency. However, there are no treatment guidelines for low-grade dysplasia (LGD). To determine the appropriate treatment for LGD, we evaluated the risk factors associated with the categorical upgrade from LGD to high grade dysplasia (HGD)/early gastric cancer (EGC) and the risk factors for recurrence after endoscopic treatment. METHODS: We compared the complication rates, recurrence rates, and remnant lesions in 196 and 56 patients treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), respectively, by histologically confi rming low-grade gastric epithelial dysplasia. RESULTS: The en bloc resection rate was significantly lower in the EMR group (31.1%) compared with the ESD group (75.0%) (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of remnant lesions or recurrence rate (p=0.911) of gastric adenoma. The progression of LGD to HGD or EGC caused an increase in the incidence of tumor lesions >1 cm with surface redness and depressions. CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of LGD, EMR resulted in a higher incidence of uncertain resection margins and a lower en bloc resection rate than ESD. However, there was no signifi cant difference in recurrence rate.
Adenoma ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms

OBJECTIVES: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recently recommended the HbA1c assay as one of four options for making the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, with a cut-point of > or =6.5%. We compared the HbA1c assay and the fasting plasma glucose level for making the diagnosis of diabetes among Korean adults. METHODS: We analyzed 8710 adults (age 45-74 years), who were not diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus, from the Namwon study population. A fasting plasma glucose level of > or =126 mg/dL and an A1c of > or =6.5% were used for the diagnosis of diabetes. The kappa index of agreement was calculated to measure the agreement between the diagnosis based on the fasting plasma glucose level and the HbA1c. RESULTS: The kappa index of agreement between the fasting plasma glucose level and HbA1c was 0.50. CONCLUSIONS: The agreement between the fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c for the diagnosis of diabetes was moderate for Korean adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anemia, Aplastic/*diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Count/*standards ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/*diagnosis ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sex Factors

This report describes the case of a patient who had previously undergone surgery for resection of bilateral ovarian tumors and after 5 years presented with colonic metastasis. A 70-year-old woman visited the hospital for a clinical survey due to severe anemia. In 2007, the patient was diagnosed with cancer (papillary serous adenocarcinoma) in both ovaries. The patient had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. After treatment, the patient was stable during follow-up. After 5 years, she underwent incidental colonoscopic examination because of severe anemia. The colonoscopic findings revealed an elevated irregular lesion in the descending colon. Colonic metastasis from the papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining during the pathological diagnosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Anemia ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Colon ; Colon, Descending ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary

PURPOSE: Intestinal failure (IF) is a complex clinical condition requiring a multi-disciplinary team approach. Our objective was to set up the treatment protocols and education documents for IF patients for development of intestinal rehabilitation programs in our hospital. METHODS: We compared the number of inpatients, length of hospital stay, mode of nutrition and calorie supply at discharge, and the frequency of blood transfusions before and after quality improvement of multidisciplinary activities, in order to evaluate the indirect effects of new protocols and training materials and for development of the intestinal rehabilitation system. RESULTS: We integrated eleven protocols for treatment and monitoring and seven educational materials for patients and caregivers. We compared indirect effects before and after the quality improvement activities. The number of IF patients hospitalized was reduced from 12 to 9. The mean days of hospital stay was decreased from 322 days to 73 days, the average number of monthly blood transfusions was also reduced from 1.8 to 0.3. In addition, the percentage of patients administered enteral nutrition and calories supplied was increased at discharge. CONCLUSION: By integrating IF protocols and education materials for IF patients, we found possible indirect effects of intestinal rehabilitation using a multidisciplinary team approach.
Blood Transfusion ; Caregivers ; Clinical Protocols ; Education ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Length of Stay ; Quality Improvement* ; Rehabilitation*