No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Colon* ; Colonic Polyps* ; Female* ; Humans ; Urethra*

In order to assess the efficiency of Percoll gradient centrifugation(PGC) as a method of sperm selection, we have examined morphological characteristics of spermatozoa from 40 teratozoospermic patients attending the Infertility Clinic of Inchon Gil Gerneral Hospital. Patients were divided into three groups according to percentage normal morphology in the fresh sample : group A(n=5), < 5% normal morphology : group B(n=21), 5~14% normal morphology : and group C(n=14), > 14% normal morphology. Morphology slides were perpared using Diff-Quik staining techniques and evaulated by Kruger strict criteria, under oil immersion at a magnification of X 1000, specific defects, head, neck and tail were assesed individualy. The results were as follows. 1. Following PGC, sperm samples with enhanced morphology were recovered for all groups. 2. For group A, PGC did not select a sample with significantly improved morphological characteristics. 3. Usually, sperm defects affected by PGC was head and neck. No significant difference was found for tail abnormality. In conclusion, Percoll gradient centrifugation is an efficient sperm preparation technique when the semen sample exhibits teratozoospermia, especially head or neck abnormality. However, in sample with < 5% normal form or tail abnormality, There is not significant improvement following PGC.
Centrifugation* ; Equidae ; Head ; Humans* ; Immersion ; Incheon ; Infertility ; Neck ; Semen ; Spermatozoa*

This clinical study was conducted to survey 300 cases of total laparoscopic hysterctomy (TLH) by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Boram Hospital in Ulsan, Korea from January, 2000 to June, 2001. TLH has been described in much of the recent literature. We analyzed 300 cases of TLH to evaluate the clinical data such as distribution of age, parity, clinical indication, previous operation history, type of surgery, operation time, weight of uterus, Hb change of post-operation first day and the complications of using this technique. The mean age of patients was 41.3. The mean parity of patients was 2.6. The clinical indications for TLH were myoma (72.3%), adenomyosis (11.3%), PID (5.3%), CIS (4%) and others (5.7%). The most previous operation was bilateral tubal ligation. Others were cesarean section, appendectomy. The most concomitant procedure with TLH was posterior colpoperineorrhaphy. Salpingo-oophorectomy and appendectomy were also carried out concomitantly. The mean operation time was 124 minutes. The mean weight of the uterus was 230 gm. The mean Hb change post-operation on the 1st day was 1.3g/dL. The complications of TLH were bleeding to need blood transfusion, ureteral injury and bladder injury. Thus this technique can be safely performed by skilled laparoscopists for properly selected patients but there is a need for prospective studies for comparision with various laparoscopic hysterctomies.
Adenomyosis ; Appendectomy ; Blood Transfusion ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gynecology ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Korea ; Myoma ; Obstetrics ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Ulsan ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterus

This retrospective case series of prospective data aims to describe the transaxillary approach for the treatment of upper thoracic spine pathology. Various surgical techniques and approaches have been reported across the literature to address upper thoracic spine pathology, including the cervicothoracic approach, anterior transsternal approach, posterolateral approach, supraclavicular approach, and lateral parascapular approaches. These techniques are invasive. A minimally invasive, less morbid, and direct access approach to the pathology of the upper thoracic spine has not been reported in the literature. Patients with pathology affecting the first thoracic vertebra up to the sixth thoracic vertebra were classified into the upper thoracic spine group. Patients with pathology below the sixth thoracic vertebra were excluded. Patients not having a minimum follow-up of 12 months were also excluded. The study analyzed 18 patients. The mean preoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score was 7.2±1.44, which improved to 10.16±1.2 (p<0.05). The majority (14/18) of the patients had an excellent outcome. Three patients had good outcomes, and one patient had a fair outcome. Five cases of intraoperative dural leak were recorded, and one patient had postoperative neurological deficit. The transaxillary approach is a safe, viable, muscle-sparing, and minimally invasive approach for ventral pathologies of the upper thoracic spine.

BACKGROUND: i-gel(TM) is a new single-use supraglottic airway device without an inflatable cuff. This study was designed to compare the usefulness of i-gel(TM) versus a classic laryngeal mask airway (cLMA) in small children. METHODS: Sixty-three children (age range : 4-72 months) were randomly assigned to an i-gel(TM) or cLMA group. We evaluated hemodynamic data, airway sealing ability, the success rate of insertion, and adverse events including an inadvertent sliding out during ventilation. RESULTS: Demographic data and hemodynamic data obtained immediately after the insertion of these devices did not differ between the two groups. The success rates for insertion on the first attempt were 77 and 84% for i-gel(TM) and cLMA, respectively (P = 0.54), and the overall success rates were 87 and 100% respectively (P = 0.14). There were no significant differences in terms of airway leak pressure. The inserted i-gel(TM) inadvertently slid out in 8 of 31 patients but only one sliding out case occurred in the cLMA group (P = 0.02). There were no differences between the groups in terms of other side effects (e.g., coughing, bleeding) associated with the use of i-gel(TM) and cLMA (P = 0.75 and 0.49, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Oropharyngeal leak pressure and insertion success rate of i-gel(TM) are similar to those of cLMA. However, i-gel(TM) is prone to inadvertent sliding out of the mouth in small children. Therefore, it is recommended that the i-gel(TM) should be secured more tightly to avoid displacement of the device.
Child* ; Cough ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Mouth ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of pretreatment with intralipos on the cardiovascular toxicity caused by continuous intravenous infusion with bupivacaine. METHODS: Fourteen healthy white rabbits were selected for this study and divided into the control group (n = 7) (normal saline administered for 30 minutes) and the intralipos pretreated group (n = 7) (intralipos administered for 30 minutes). The cardiovascular toxic effect during the continuous intravenous infusion of bupivacaine was observed between the control and the intralipos group by meaning the changes in mean arterial pressure, heart rate and electrocardiogram. RESULTS: In intralipos group, mean arterial pressure significantly increased after intralipos infusion for 30 minutes as compared with the control values (P < 0.05). The time intervals for 25, 50, 75 and 100% decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate and the onset time of the first QRS modification and dysrhythmia during continuous intravenous infusion of bupivacaine were significantly prolonged in the intralipos group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The time intervals for 100% decrease in heart rate after the stop of bupivacaine administration was significantly prolonged in the intralipos group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that prophylactic intravenous infusion with intralipos prevents the cardiovascular toxicity caused by bupivacaine in rabbits.
Arterial Pressure ; Bupivacaine* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Rabbits*

Fowl typhoid (FT) reported since 1992 in Korea is a septicemic disease of domestic birds caused by Salmonella gallinarum (S. gallinarum). The purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of field isolates of S. gallinarum isolated by year in Korea. A total of 258 isolates of S. gallinarum from 1995 to 2001 showed the same pattern in the majority of biochemical test such as IMViC (indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and citrate utilization), carbohydrate fermentation and amino acid decarboxylation, and these results were almost in accordance with the traditional biochemical characteristics of S. gallinarum strain. When the antimicrobial susceptibility test against 258 isolates of S. gallinarum was performed by the disk diffusion method using 12 antimicrobial agents, all isolates from 1995 appeared to be susceptible to all of the antimicrobial agents tested except for tetracycline and oxytetracycline, whereas the vast majority of isolates from 2001 showed the reduced susceptibility to ampicillin (13.0%), gentamicin (43.4%), kanamycin (69.6%), enrofloxacin (6.5%), ciprofloxacin (10.9%), norfloxacin (52.5%) and ofloxacin (82. 6%). The prevalence of the prevalence of completely resisyany isolates resistant isolates to one or more drugs rapidly increased from 0% in 1995 to 93.5% in 2001. The minimal concentrations range of the majority of antimicrobial agents to inhibit 50% (MIC50s) against S. gallinarum isolates increased from 0.06 -- 8 microgram/ml in 1997 to 2 -- 256 microgram/ml in 2001. Especially, MIC50s for gentamicin and fluoroquinolones of isolates from 2001 increased over 10-fold than those of isolates from 1997. Therefore, our results indicate that sorbitol fermentation and arginine decarboxylation showed the diversity by isolates and the vast majority of isolates from 2001 showed the reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials tested.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Chickens ; Korea ; *Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Poultry Diseases/microbiology ; Salmonella/*drug effects/isolation & purification ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology

BACKGROUND: Lidocaine is a useful local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent perioperatively. It may augment a neuromuscular block from both nondepolarizing and depolarizing muscle relaxants. Cisatracurium of benzylisoquinoline derivatives and rocuronium of aminosteroid derivatives are new nondepolarizing muscle ralaxants. We investigated interactions of cisatracurium or rocuronium with lidocaine in vitro. METHODS: Institutional approvement was obtained. Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats (150 - 200 g) were divided into 8 groups (control, lidocaine 1, 10 and 100microgram of both cisatracurium and rocuronium groups). The animals were anesthetized with phentobarbital 40 mg/kg I.P.. The hemidiaphragm with the phrenic nerve was dissected and mounted within 5 minutes in a bath containing 100 ml Kreb's solution at room temperature. The phrenic nerve was stimulated at supramaximal intensity by a Grass S88 stimulator through an SIU5 isolation unit. A twitch height was measured by a precalibrated Grass FT88 force displacement transducer and recorded with a Grass 79 polygraph. After stabilization of the twitch response, cisatracurium (50microgram), and rocuronium (100microgram) were added to the Kreb's solutions. After 10 minutes, we measured twitch height, and saline 1 ml or lidocaine 1, 10 or 100microgram was added to the Kreb's solution. After 10 minutes, we again measured twitch responses. The data was analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA. RESULTS: There were significant depressions in the twitch response of cisatracurium in lidocaine 10microgram and 100microgram groups compared with the control group and lidocaine 1microgram group. In addition, the lidocaine 100microgram group was significantly depressed compared with the lidocaine 10microgram group. There were no significant depressions of the twitch response of rocuronium in lidocaine 1microgram, 10microgram, and 100microgram groups compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that lidocaine will increase the sensitivity to cisatracurium in the hemdiaphragm preparation of rats. Lidocaine will be able to cause recurarization. There was not a statistically significant change in the rocuronium group but it was clinically significant.
Animals ; Baths ; Depression ; Humans ; Lidocaine* ; Male ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents ; Phrenic Nerve ; Poaceae ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transducers

Bacteriophages were induced from staphylococcus intermedius isolates from dogs and used for a phage typing. Mitomycin C induction was performed on 60 strains of S. intermedius and all phages were reacted with the strains. Twenty-eight strains (46.7%) were found to be lysogenic. Based on host ranges, eight phages were selected. By using the eight phages, 129 strains isolated from canine clinical specimens were subjected to the phage typing at the routine test dilution (RTD) and 100xRTD. Typability of the phage set was 78.3%, yielding 40 phage patterns. The phage set was considered useful for differentiating S. intermedius strains isolated from dogs. None of 50 strains of S. aureus, 2 (3.6%) of 56 S. simulance strains, 13 (24.5%) of 53 S. chromogenes strains and 46 (28.1%) of 164 S. hyicus strains were typable by the phages at 100xRTD.
Animals ; Bacteriophage Typing* ; Bacteriophages* ; Dogs ; Host Specificity ; Mitomycin ; Staphylococcus intermedius* ; Staphylococcus*