1.Ethanol Extract of Yacon Leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Attenuates Fibroblast and Myofibroblast Expansion in Association With Downregulation of TGF β1 and Snail mRNA Expression in 5/6-Subtotal Nephrectomy Model in Mice
Ermawati ; Nur Arfian ; Setyo Purwono ; Muhammad Mansyur Romi ; Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2022;18(No.3):85-91
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by fibroblast activation, myofibroblast formation, and
up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) that may activate Snail in fibroblast to myofibroblast transition. Ethanol extract of Yacon leaves is known to have a renoprotective effect on diabetic nephropathy but its effect
in the CKD model is unknown. This experimental study aimed to elucidate the effect of ethanol extract from Yacon
leaves in attenuating renal failure in a CKD mice model. Methods: Male Swiss-Webster mice (3 months, 30–40
grams, n=25) underwent 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN) to induce CKD. The mice were divided into five groups: SN,
SN mice with oral treatment of Yacon leaves ethanol extract with doses 0.735 μg/kg (SN+YK1), 1.47 μg/kg (SN+YK2),
and 2.94 μg/kg (SN+YK3), and a Sham operation (SO) group with aquadest 0.1% supplementation. Mice were euthanized on day 14 after the operation and kidneys were harvested. Paraffin sections were used for histological analysis.
Immunostaining was done for quantifying fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. We performed RT-PCR to measure TGF-β1
and Snail mRNA expressions. Results: The SN group had significantly higher fibroblast number, myofibroblast fraction area, TGF-β1 and Snail mRNA expressions compared to the SO. The fibroblasts number (p<0.001) and myofibroblast fraction areas (p<0.001) were significantly lower in Yacon treated-groups compared to the SN group. RT-PCR
analysis showed lower mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and Snail, but no significant differences were found among the
various Yacon treated-groups. Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of Yacon leaves improved kidney damage in male mice
with 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy model.
2.Yacon Extract Attenuated Kidney Fibrosis in 5/6-subtotal Nephrectomy Mouse Model by Upregulating HGF and BMP-7 mRNA Expression
Setyo Purwono ; Abdur Rahman Faqih Al Jundi ; I Made Kawiyasa ; Alfina Meidina Rizka Cahyatika ; Andika Putra Cipta ; Galih Asa Andrianto ; Rendy Candra ; Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari ; Fajar Dwi Astarini ; Eryna Ayu ; Nugra Desita ; Nur Arfian
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2020;16(Supp 3,June):94-100
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to tubular injury, kidney fibrosis and anemia. These conditions
are influenced by fibrotic and anti-fibrotic substances, such as Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), Hepatic
Growth Factor (HGF), and Bone Morphogenic Protein-7 (BMP-7). Yacon is an herbal medicine which has not been
elucidated in CKD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Yacon leaves on attenuating
renal injury in CKD model in mice. Methods: We performed 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN) in male Swiss-Webster
mice (3 months old, 30–40 grams) to induce chronic kidney disease, then the mice were sacrificed at day 14. The
mice (n=25) were divided into five groups: one SN group, three groups of SN with administration of Yacon extract,
and one group of sham operation (SO, with supplementation of 0.1% aquadest). There were three different doses of
ethanolic extract of Yacon leaves: 98 mg/kg BW (SN+YK1), 49 mg/kg BW (SN+YK2), and 24.5 BW mg/kg (SN+YK3).
Tubular injury, perivascular and interstitial fibrosis were quantified based on histopathological examination. Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to quantify HGF and BMP-7. Results: SN group demonstrated CKD
with elevation of creatinine level, anemia, tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis, and fibrosis. Yacon extract treatment
showed attenuation of injury with lower creatinine level, tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis and fibrosis compared
to the SN group. HGF and BMP-7 mRNA expressions were higher in Yacon-treated groups than the SN group. Conclusion: Yacon treatment might ameliorate CKD through reducing fibrosis and increasing expression of anti-fibrotic
genes.