A 26-year-old woman had an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) associated with an elevated level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The tumor had a heterologous element of intestinal-type mucinous epithelium, retiform and intermediately differentiated tubules of the Sertoli cells, and AFP-producing Leydig cells. AFP was demonstrated within the Leydig cells by an immunohistochemical technique. After surgery, the serum AFP level of the patient fell to the normal range. The present case is the first documented case of AFP producing a SLCT of the ovary reported in Korea.
Adult ; alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Leydig Cells ; Male ; Mucins ; Ovary* ; Reference Values ; Sertoli Cells ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor*

The relationship between Sertoli cells and germ cells in varicocele remains controversial. To study this relationship in varicocele, seminiferous tubular changes were observed in pubertal rats according to the length of time after induction of the varicocele and the interval between induction and repair of the varicocele. As the length of time of the varicocele increased, accumulation of lipid inclusions within the Sertoli cell cytoplasm appeared first and then premature sloughing of the early spermatids appeared. Lastly, decrease in testicular weight and mean seminiferous tubular diameter (MSTD) together with decrease in the number of late spermatids were observed. Inter-Sertoli cell junctions were preserved unrelated to the duration of the varicocele. When Sertoli cell changes were reversed after varicocele repair, premature sloughing of the early spermatids was not observed. The testicular weight, MSTD and number of late spermatids were significantly increased compared to controls. When Sertoli cell changes were not fully reversed after varicocele repair, premature sloughing of the early spermatids was still observed. The testicular weight, MSTD and number of late spermatids were not significantly increased compared to controls. These results suggest that the blood-testis barrier remains intact in varicocele. The Sertoli cell is the primary intratubular site of alteration leading secondarily to spermatogenic disruption in varicocele. Changes in the Sertoli cell cause premature sloughing of the early spermatids and affect maximally the spermatid Stage.
Animals ; Blood-Testis Barrier ; Cytoplasm ; Germ Cells* ; Intercellular Junctions ; Rats* ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatids ; Varicocele*

Descending of the testes is an important process for spermatogenesis and cryptorchidism is one of the most relevant genital defects in dogs. In a previous study, we observed abnormal morphology and proliferation of Sertoli cells in a cryptorchid testis. In the present study, we investigated the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the normal and cryptorchid testis of a dog. Elective orchidectomy was performed on the dog's abdominal right testis (undescended, cryptorchid) and scrotal left testis (descended, normal). In the normal testis, estrogen receptor α immunoreactivity was detected in Leydig cells alone, while estrogen receptor α immunoreactivity in the cryptorchid testis was significantly prominent in the Sertoli cells as well. In addition, progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in the control testis was detected in the spermatids, but was not detected in the cryptorchid testis. This result suggests that unilateral cryptorchidism causes increases of estrogen receptor α expression in Sertoli cells.
Animals ; Cryptorchidism ; Dogs* ; Estrogens* ; Leydig Cells ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone* ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatids ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis*

PURPOSE: Information has been limited on the genetic control of germ cell apoptosis and its role in the pathogenesis of male infertility. The object of this study was to investigate the effects of c-kit gene expression and apoptosis on human spermatogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Testicular specimens were obtained from 90 infertile males with nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA) due to primary testicular failure and from 9 healthy volunteers. The specimens of infertile men were divided into 4 groups according to hitopathologic findings: Sertoli cell only(SCO) syndrome(A), maturation arrest(B), hypospermatogenesis(C) and disorganization with sloughing(D). C-kit gene expression and apoptosis were detected with immunohistochemical stain. RESULTS: The frequency of c-kit expression was lower(p<0.05) and that of apoptosis was higher(p<0.01) in infertility groups B, C, and D compared to that of the control group. A significant inverse correlation was observed in the c-kit gene expression and apoptosis in groups B, C and D(p<0.05). A similar relationship was also observed in the Sertoli cells in group D and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: With the result, we suggest that variation in c-kit gene expression and apoptosis are associated with abnormal spermatogenesis and play a role in the pathophysiology of male infertility.
Apoptosis* ; Gene Expression ; Germ Cells ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatogenesis* ; Testis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hypoxia on the proliferation and occludin expression of primary rat Sertoli

METHODSWe constructed a primary Sertoli cell system by two-step enzymatic digestion in 18 -22 days old Wistar rats and identified it by oil red O and immunofluorescence methods. We randomly divided the Sertoli cells into five groups to be cultured in oxygen at the concentrations of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5% and 1%, respectively, for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. We detected the proliferation of the Sertoli cells by CCK-8 assay, determined the expression of occludin by Western blot, and analyzed the differences among the five groups.

RESULTSOil red O staining revealed red lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells, and immunofluorescence showed the positive expression of the FasL protein, with the purity of Sertoli cells over 95% in vitro. Compared with the 20% normoxic group, the proliferation of the Sertoli cells was gradually reduced in the 15% and 10% hypoxia groups, and significantly declined in the 5% and 1% groups (P < 0.01). At 12 hours, the expression of occludin began to decrease with the prolonging of time and reduction of oxygen concentration (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHypoxia suppresses the proliferation of Sertoli cells and reduces the expression of occludin. It could be inferred that hypoxia could damage the integrity of blood-testis barrier and spermatogenesis of the testis.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Occludin ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sertoli Cells ; metabolism

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants with estrogen-like effects that exist widely in the environment, and its male reproductive toxicity is arousing more and more attention. Studies indicate that different types of cells in the testis respond differently to PCBs exposure. This article presents an overview on the toxicity of PCBs to testicular germ cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and male offspring. We suggest that deeper studies focus on the mechanism of PCBs according to the results of investigations on male reproductive epidemiology. An insight into the intercellular junctions of Sertoli cells might produce a breakthrough in the studies of the testicular toxicity of PCBs.
Animals ; Leydig Cells ; drug effects ; Male ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls ; toxicity ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; Testis ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of gossypol on the expression of connexin 43 (CX43) in Sertoli cells.

METHODSTM4 Sertoli cells were cultured and treated with gossypol at the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 micromol/L for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxicity of gossypol was assessed by CCK-8 assay, and the expression of CX43 in the normal TM4 Sertoli cells and in those treated with different concentrations of gossypol for different times was detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis.

RESULTSSemiquantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis showed the expression of CX43 in the normal TM4 cells. At 24 hours of exposure to gossypol, the expression began to decrease gradually with the prolonging of time and the increasing concentration of gossypol (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGossypol reduces the expression of CX43 in TM4 Sertoli cells, which might underlie the mechanism of its antifertility action.

Cells, Cultured ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Gossypol ; toxicity ; Humans ; Male ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism

The testis is pivotal for male reproduction, and its progressive functional decline in aging is associated with infertility. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying primate testicular aging remains largely elusive. Here, we resolve the aging-related cellular and molecular alterations of primate testicular aging by establishing a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas. Gene-expression patterns along the spermatogenesis trajectory revealed molecular programs associated with attrition of spermatogonial stem cell reservoir, disturbed meiosis and impaired spermiogenesis along the sequential continuum. Remarkably, Sertoli cell was identified as the cell type most susceptible to aging, given its deeply perturbed age-associated transcriptional profiles. Concomitantly, downregulation of the transcription factor Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1), essential for Sertoli cell homeostasis, was associated with accelerated cellular senescence, disrupted tight junctions, and a compromised cell identity signature, which altogether may help create a hostile microenvironment for spermatogenesis. Collectively, our study depicts in-depth transcriptomic traits of non-human primate (NHP) testicular aging at single-cell resolution, providing potential diagnostic biomarkers and targets for therapeutic interventions against testicular aging and age-related male reproductive diseases.
Animals ; Male ; Testis ; Sertoli Cells/metabolism* ; Transcriptome ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Primates ; Aging/genetics* ; Stem Cells

We Describe a case of ovarian serous cystadenoma having Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, well differentiated, in the cystic septum. Well differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor coexisting with other tumor, including serous tumor, has not yet been described. In all cases of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous components or other tumors, the androblastomatous components are intermediately or poorly differentiated. The present case revealed a well differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor arising in a septum of serous cystadenoma, as a circumscribed nodule. With these findings, we discuss the possibility of this Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, considered a mural nodule, which is well established in cystic common epithelial tumors of the ovary.
Adult ; Case Report ; Cystadenoma/*pathology ; Female ; Human ; Leydig Cells/pathology ; Male ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*pathology ; Sertoli Cells/pathology ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor/*pathology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

A total of 178 patients with Sertoli cell only syndrome proved by histologic examination was investigated for the past 7 years at the infertility Clinic of Seoul National University Hospital. The size of testes ranged from 5 to 25ml with the mean of 13ml(An average normal size of Korean males: l9ml) However, testes size of greater than l5ml were found in 53.3% of the patients. Plasma FSH Levels ranged from 0.31 to 58.501U/L with a mean of 20.451U/L(Normal level of Korean males: l2.10IU/L). Plasma LH levels ranged from 1.56 to 59.75IU/L with a mean of l2.87 IU/L( Normal level of Korean males: 9.21U/L). Plasma testosterone levels ranged from 0.9 to 11.0ng/ml with a mean of 5.5ng/ml Accordingly, increased FSH levels were found in 49.4% and increased LH levels, in 25.4% of the patients. And decreased levels of testosterone levels were found in 8.9% of the patients. Stimulation tests of LH and FSH by an administration of 100ug bolus of LHRH were attempted on 3 patients. The basal FSH values were elevated over 24.l8IU/L in the 3 patients. The FSH values were increased l.8-fold 90 minutes after stimulation tests. The basal value of LH was elevated in a patient. The LH values were increased 9.l-fold 30 minutes following the stimulation tests. Leydig cell hyperplasia and peritubular fibrosis were found in 2 patients who had shown the exaggerated responses to LHRH stimulation tests. The patients with more abundant microfilament in cytoplasm and increased intercellular digitation of Sertoli cells proved by an electron microscopic examination, had the higher levels of basal FSH and LH. Therefore, the regulatory mechanism of secretion of both FSH and LH appears to be abnormal in the patients with Sertoli cell only syndrome. The karyotype evaluation revealed 46XY in 20 patients, 46XY 15S- in l patient and 46XYt(7, 14) in 1 patient of the 22 patients. Sertoli cell only syndrome seems to be heterogenous or a single process which may be in evolution at different developmental stages. Germ cell aplasia was found in 21 patients with cryptorchidism by histological examination. We could infer the more abnormal regulation of secretion of both gonadotropins (FSH and LH) in patients of cryptorchidism with germ cell aplasia than patients of Sertoli cell only syndrome without cryptorchidism.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Cryptorchidism ; Cytoplasm ; Fibrosis ; Germ Cells ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infertility ; Karyotype ; Male ; Plasma ; Seoul ; Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome* ; Sertoli Cells ; Testis ; Testosterone