The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of exercise on plasma tryptophan (TRP) and free serotonin (f5-HT), whole blood-5-HT (WB-5-HT) and f5-HT/WB-5-HT ratio in Italian Saddle horses. Six clinically healthy Italian Saddle horses were subjected to a 450 meters obstacles course. Blood samples were collected from each horse by jugular venipuncture using vacutainer tubes with K3-EDTA at rest, immediately after exercise, and after 30 min. TRP, f5-HT and WB-5-HT were analyzed by HPLC. Immediately after exercise, statistically significant increases of f5-HT (p<0.001) and WB-5-HT (p<0.001) were observed. After 30 min, f5-HT and WB-5-HT decreased compared to immediately after exercise, but were still significantly higher than rest values (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). A significant linear regression between f5-HT and WB-5-HT was observed during experimental conditions. f5-HT and WB-5-HT modifications after exercise suggest an important role of peripheral serotoninergic markers in response to physical activity. The possible source of extra serotonin detected after show jumping should be clarified by further investigation.
Animals ; Biological Markers/blood ; Female ; Horses/*blood/*metabolism ; Linear Models ; Male ; *Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology ; Serotonin/*blood ; Tryptophan/blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and discuss its action mechanism.

METHODSFifty-seven cases were randomly divided into two groups. The acupuncture group (29 cases) was treated with acupuncture at Taichong (LR 3), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) etc., once a day and 5 times per week. The medication group (28 cases) was treated with oral administration of pinaverium (50 mg each time, 3 times a day) and live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablet (4 tablets each time, 3 times a day). Four weeks were taken as a treatment course in both groups. Before and after treatment ELISA method was applied to measure the level of serum 5-HT of the patients in two groups. The scores of clinical symptoms were observed before treatment, after one and four weeks of treatment and 3 months after treatment, respectively.

RESULTSThe level of serum 5-HT was significantly reduced in the acupuncture group and medication group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), which had no statistical difference between two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the medication group, the scores of clinical symptoms were obviously improved in the acupuncture group after one and four weeks of treatment and 3 months after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 89.66% (26/29) in the acupuncture group, which was superior to 67.85% (19/28) in the medication group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy of acupuncture is superior to that of medicine in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. The acupuncture treatment could reduce the visceral sensitivity, improve the intestinal motility and regulate the imbalance of brain-intestine interactive function.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Diarrhea ; blood ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; blood ; therapy ; Male ; Serotonin ; blood ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC-ECD for the determination of monoamine transmitters in serum of macaque.

METHODThe analysis was carried out on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-water (18:82) at a flow rate of 0.9 mL x min(-1).

RESULTThe recoveries of NE, E, DA, 5-HT were 97.0%, 97.8%, 99.5%, 100.3%, RSD was 0.22%-0.93%, and the repeatability was good.

CONCLUSIONThe results prove that the method is simple, fast, accurate and can be used to determine simultaneously the concentration of monoamine transmitters in serum of macaque.

Animals ; Biogenic Monoamines ; blood ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dopamine ; blood ; Electrochemistry ; methods ; Epinephrine ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca ; Norepinephrine ; blood ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; blood ; Reproducibility of Results ; Serotonin ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of dimethoate on the monoamine Neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and its metabolite (3, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC) in the serum of rats and furthermore to explore the non-cholinergic mechanism of organophosphate induced toxicity.

METHODSGroups of rats were treated with saline and 38.9, 83.7 and 180 mg/kg dimethoate respectively and were decapitated at the different time course from 0.5 to 24 hours after the administration. The monoamines neurotransmitters were determined by the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with the electrochemical detection.

RESULTSThe serum concentrations of DA (8.42% - 248.42% of the control), DOPAC (17.22% - 68.21% of the control) increased, according with the DM dosage and the exposure time, while the levels of NE (9.65% - 38.26% of the control) and E (11.00% - 32.62% of the control) contents decreased at the same time.

CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that dimethoate induced toxic effects can alter the monoamine levels at the different dosage and the time exposure in the serum of rats. It suggests that some non-cholinergic mechanisms may be involved in the dimethoate intoxication.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; blood ; Animals ; Biogenic Monoamines ; blood ; Dimethoate ; toxicity ; Dopamine ; blood ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epinephrine ; blood ; Male ; Norepinephrine ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; blood

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the cardiopulmonary effects of pressurized cement insertion in elderly patients undergoing cemented hip hemiarthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized prospective study on elderly patients undergoing cemented hip hemiarthroplasty. Patients were divided into pressurized and non-pressurized groups based on the pressure application during cement insertion. We measured mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), arterial blood gases and serotonin concentration in blood. These variables were measured before bone cement insertion, and 3 and 5 minute after insertion. They were also measured immediately and 15 minutes after reduction. RESULTS: In cemented hip hemiarthroplasty, there were no significant change in MAP (P=0.92), SBP (P=0.85), DBP (P=0.98), HR (P=0.97) and serotonin concentration over time. There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in MAP, SBP, DBP, HR, PO2, PaCO2, SaO2 and serotonin concentration, though three minutes after cement insertion, both groups showed decreases in SBP, DBP and MBP. CONCLUSION: The pressurization method in cemented hip hemiarthroplasty was not found to be related with development of bone cement syndromes in elderly patients.
Aged ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Gases ; Heart Rate ; Hemiarthroplasty* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies* ; Serotonin

Hyperglycemia during either global or regional ischemia is widely known to be detrimental, and ischemia induced release of diverse neurotransmitters and the ensuing activation of specific postsynaptic receptors have been suggested to play a important role in the development of ischemic selective vulunerability. This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of blood glucose change on tissue concentration of some catecholamines ; dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, of the transient ischemic rat's brain, estimated by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) assay system, following transient bilateral forebrain ischemia in the rat's model subjected to 20 minutes of normothermic ischemia by two vesseles occulusion plus profound cortex, hippocampus and striatum respectively by HLPC. The concentrations of catecholamines were significantly decreased in all sampled areas in experimental groups compared with the control group(p<0.05), respectively(average decrease rate : norepinephrine 71%, dopamine 89%, serotonin 80% in frontal cortex ; norepinephrine 71%, dopamine 93%, serotonin 81% in hippocampus ; norepinephrine 33%, dopamine 35%, serotonin 78% in striatum). Dopamine was relatively decreased in concentration in frontal cortex and hippocampus, and serotonin was relatively decreased in striatum. But no statistic significancy(p>0.05) of catecholamines level between each experimental group(hyper-, hypo- and normoglycemic group) according to the change of blood sugar. The results suggested that blood glucose level did not influence the tissue concentration of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in frontl cortex, hippocampus and striatum of transient ischemic rat's brain.
Blood Glucose* ; Brain* ; Catecholamines ; Dopamine* ; Frontal Lobe* ; Hippocampus* ; Hyperglycemia ; Ischemia ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine* ; Prosencephalon ; Serotonin*

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of postoperative fatigue syndrome(POFS) by detecting the change of central monoamine neurotransmitters in a rat model after major abdominal surgery.

METHODEighty-four rats were randomly divided into fatigue assessment groups (including model group and sham group) and experimental groups (including postoperative day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 recovery groups and the corresponding control groups). Postoperative fatigue was evaluated after surgery. The brains were removed thereafter to detect the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) in the hippocampus, midbrain, hypothalamus by high performance liquid chromatography. Serum free tryptophan (f-Trp) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were measured.

RESULTSThe level of 5-HT increased to the highest at postoperative day 3, but reduced rapidly to the minimum at postoperative day 5, and then gradually recovered to the preoperative level. There was significant difference of 5-HT among experimental groups (P<0.05), also between the postoperative 24 hrs group and control groups (P<0.05). f-Trp and the ratio of f-Trp/BCAA increased in the early postoperative period, reduced to minimum at postoperative day 5. f-Trp was still lower compared to the control group at postoperative day 14, while the ratio of f-Trp/BCAA and BCAA restored to control level. Both of them were significantly different among experimental groups (P<0.05), also between the experimental groups and control groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONChanges of f-Trp, the ratio of f-Trp/BCAA, and central 5-HT may play an important role in the development of POFS.

Abdomen ; surgery ; Amino Acids ; analysis ; Animals ; Fatigue ; blood ; Postoperative Period ; Rats ; Serotonin ; analysis

To evaluate the antihypertensive effects of serotonin antagonist, ketanserin, a daily dosage of 10~40mg (18.9+/-6.8 mean+/-SE) was administered to 22 patients with essential hypertension and aged 55??1 years (64+/-7.7 mean+/-SE) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of ketanserin treatment mean blood pressure decreased from 177.9+/-11.9 to 15.7+/-15.3mmHg in systole and from 104.2+/-7.4 to 88.4+/-7.9mmHg in diastole (P<0.001). There was no significant change in heart rates with ketanserin treatment. The antihypertensive treatment with ketanserin was effective in 18 patients(81.8%) and ineffective in 4 patients (18.2%). Adverse reactions such as drowsiness (8.7%), edama (4.3%) and weakness (4.3%) were noted, but all were mild and transient. This results suggest that ketanserin is an effective and safe antihypersive agent in the treatment of essential hyperension.
Aging* ; Blood Pressure ; Diastole ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Ketanserin* ; Serotonin ; Sleep Stages ; Systole

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Auscultation of bowel sounds is a traditional technique for evaluating patients with abdominal symptoms. It is, however, subjective and qualitative method in general. Recently, analysis of bowel sounds becomes possible. We analyzed bowel sounds in healthy volunteers and measured platelet depleted plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) that may be associated with postprandial symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS: We recorded both fasting and postprandial bowel sounds for 30 minutes in 16 healthy volunteers with a sensitive electronic stethoscope attached to a digital recorder. The files were saved in computer as wav files and analyzed with a specialized program. Blood samples were also taken before and 1 hour after meal for 5-HT analysis. RESULTS: Meal challenge made no statistically significant changes in the 5-HT concentrations and all the sound parameters including sound to sound interval, sounds/minute, average of sound amplitudes, sound length, percentage of bowel sounds representing sound clustering and dominant frequency of sounds. CONCLUSIONS: Postprandial changes in bowel sounds and plasma 5-HT were insignificant in healthy Korean volunteers.
Adolescent ; Adult ; *Auscultation ; English Abstract ; *Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; *Intestines ; Male ; *Postprandial Period ; Reference Values ; Serotonin/*blood

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical therapeutic effect of head point-through-point electroacupuncture (EA) on poststroke depression (PSD) and to study the mechanism.

METHODSOne hundred and eight cases of PSD were randomly divided into a point-through-point EA group (n = 38), a non point-through-point group (n = 36) and a western medicine group (n = 34). After treatment of 28 days, their therapeutic effects, scores of HAMD depression scale and SDS self-rating scale, and plasma 5-HT contents were compared before and after treatment among the 3 groups.

RESULTSThe effective rate of 86.84% in the point-through-point EA group was better than 63.89% in the non point-through-point group and 67.65% in the western medicine group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Plasma 5-HT content in the point-through-point EA group increased significantly, with a very significant difference as compared with that of the non point-through-point group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHead point-through-point therapy can obviously increase plasma 5-HT content of the patient with PSD, so as to cure poststroke depression, with a better therapeutic effect than other two groups.

Adult ; Aged ; Depression ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Serotonin ; blood ; Stroke ; complications