Purpose: This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2021 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden. Materials and Methods: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2018 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2019 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2021. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend. Results: In total, 259,999 new cancer cases and 81,567 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2021. The most common cancer site is expected to be the lung, followed by the thyroid, colon and rectum, breast, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers. Conclusion The incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to gradually decrease. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) before and during coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and to examine how their QoL is affected by emotional and environmental factors during COVID-19. Methods: Participants in the pre-COVID-19 (n=43) and COVID-19 (n=36) groups were recruited from the same university hospital. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Child Self-report, the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), the PedsQL 4.0 Parent Proxy Report, and the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) were employed. Independent t-tests, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: Caregivers assessed the children’s QoL more negatively than the children themselves in both groups. Children with ADHD evaluated their physical function more negatively and anxiety was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. In the COVID-19 group, the PedsQL child self-report was significantly predicted by the CPRS, the CDI, and environmental factors (i.e., relation to child and monthly household income). Conclusion Children with ADHD in the COVID-19 group had a numerically lower QoL and significantly higher anxiety. To improve QoL, it is important to deal with not only depression but also ADHD symptoms and environmental factors.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2021 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden. Materials and Methods: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2018 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2019 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2021. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend. Results: In total, 259,999 new cancer cases and 81,567 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2021. The most common cancer site is expected to be the lung, followed by the thyroid, colon and rectum, breast, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers. Conclusion The incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to gradually decrease. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2020to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden. Materials and Methods: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2017 were obtained from the Korea National CancerIncidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2018 were acquired from StatisticsKorea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regressionmodel to observed age-specific cancer rates against observed years and then by multiplyingthe projected age-specific rates by the age-specific population. A Joinpoint regression modelwas used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only usedthe data of the latest trend. Results: In total, 243,263 new cancer cases and 80,546 cancer deaths are expected to occur inKorea in 2020. The most common cancer site is expected to be the lung, followed by thestomach, thyroid, colon/rectum, and breast. These five cancers types are expected to representhalf of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of canceramong people who die is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colon/rectal, pancreatic,and stomach cancers. Conclusion The incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to decrease gradually.These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resourcefor planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

Purpose: This study reports the cancer statistics and temporal trends in Korea on a nationwide scale,including incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality in 2017. Materials and Methods: The incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were evaluated using data from theKorea National Cancer Incidence Database from 1999 to 2017 with follow-up until December31, 2018. Deaths from cancer were assessed using cause-of-death data from 1983 to2017, obtained from Statistics Korea. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence,mortality, and prevalence, and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated andtrend analysis was performed. Results: In 2017, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer numbered 232,255 (ASR,264.4 per 100,000) and 78,863 (ASR, 76.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancerincidence rates increased annually by 3.5% from 1999 to 2011 and decreased by 2.7%annually thereafter. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, by 2.8%annually. The 5-year relative survival rate for all patients diagnosed with cancer between2013 and 2017 was 70.4%, which contributed to a prevalence of approximately 1.87 millioncases by the end of 2017. Conclusion The burden of cancer measured by incidence and mortality rates have improved in Korea,with the exception of a few particular cancers that are associated with increasing incidenceor mortality rates. However, cancer prevalence is increasing rapidly, with the dramaticimprovement in survival during the past several years. Comprehensive cancer control strategiesand efforts should continue, based on the changes of cancer statistics.

No abstract available.
Latent Tuberculosis ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive

PURPOSE: Digital mammography (DM) has replaced screen-film mammography (SFM). However, findings of comparisons between the performance indicators of DM and SFM for breast-cancer screening have been inconsistent. Moreover, the summarized results from studies comparing the performance of screening mammography according to device type vary over time. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the performance of DM and SFM using recently published data. METHODS: The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for paired studies, cohorts, and randomized controlled trials published through 2018 that compared the performance of DM and SFM. All studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of DM and SFM in asymptomatic, average-risk women aged 40 years and older were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality and extracted the data. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity (DM, 0.76 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.70–0.81]; SFM, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.70–0.81]), specificity (DM, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.94–0.97]; SFM, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.94–0.98]), and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (DM, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.92–0.96]; SFM, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.89–0.94]) were similar for both DM and SFM. The pooled screening performance indicators reinforced superior accuracy of full-field DM, which is a more advanced type of mammography, than SFM. The advantage of DM appeared greater among women aged 50 years or older. There was high heterogeneity among studies in the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy estimates. Stratifying by study design (prospective or retrospective) and removing studies with a 2-year or greater follow-up period resulted in homogeneous overall diagnostic accuracy estimates. CONCLUSION: The breast-cancer screening performance of DM is similar to that of SFM. The diagnostic performance of DM depends on the study design, and, in terms of performance, full-field DM is superior to SFM, unlike computed radiography systems.
Breast Neoplasms ; Cohort Studies ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Population Characteristics ; Radiography ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. We compared the abilities of the recently developed Real-Q Cytomegalovirus Kit (Biosewoom Inc., Korea) and the previously used PANA mPCR CMV Detection Kit (Panagene Inc., Korea) to detect CMV. METHODS: We analyzed 300 samples (whole blood: 262, urine: 37, CSF: 1) submitted for qualitative CMV PCR testing during October 2011 at Yonsei University College of Medicine Severance Hospital. Real-time PCR was performed with a Real-Q Cytomegalovirus Kit and conventional PCR was conducted with a PANAmPCR CMV Detection Kit. RESULTS: The positive rates of both Real-time PCR and conventional PCR were 25.3% (76/300), and the kappa coefficient (K) was 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93-1.00). The concordance rate of the Real-Q Cytomegalovirus Kit and the PANAmPCR CMV Detection Kit was 98.7% (296/300), and four out of 300 samples showed discordant results. If the concordant results of 296 samples and the four results confirmed by direct sequencing were assumed to be true, the sensitivity and specificity of the Real-Q Cytomegalovirus Kit were 97.4% (95% CI, 93.8-100.0%) and 99.1% (95% CI, 97.9-100.0%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The recently developed Real-Q Cytomegalovirus Kit showed excellent sensitivity and specificity, and had a high concordance rate with the previously established PANAmPCR CMV Detection Kit, which uses conventional PCR. Furthermore, Real-time PCR could decrease the test time, as the electrophoresis step required for conventional PCR is not required for Real-time PCR.
Cytomegalovirus ; Electrophoresis ; Immunocompromised Host ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

BACKGROUND: Acinetobacter baumannii has a greater clinical impact and exhibits higher antimicrobial resistance rates than the non-baumannii Acinetobacter species. Therefore, the correct identification of Acinetobacter species is clinically important. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has recently become the method of choice for identifying bacterial species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Germany) in combination with an improved database to identify various Acinetobacter species. METHODS: A total of 729 Acinetobacter clinical isolates were investigated, including 447 A. baumannii, 146 A. nosocomialis, 78 A. pittii, 18 A. ursingii, 9 A. bereziniae, 9 A. soli, 4 A. johnsonii, 4 A. radioresistens, 3 A. gyllenbergii, 3 A. haemolyticus, 2 A. lwoffii, 2 A. junii, 2 A. venetianus, and 2 A. genomospecies 14TU. After 212 isolates were tested with the default Bruker database, the profiles of 63 additional Acinetobacter strains were added to the default database, and 517 isolates from 32 hospitals were assayed for validation. All strains in this study were confirmed by rpoB sequencing. RESULTS: The addition of the 63 Acinetobacter strains' profiles to the default Bruker database increased the overall concordance rate between MALDI-TOF MS and rpoB sequencing from 69.8% (148/212) to 100.0% (517/517). Moreover, after library modification, all previously mismatched 64 Acinetobacter strains were correctly identified. CONCLUSIONS: MALDI-TOF MS enables the prompt and accurate identification of clinically significant Acinetobacter species when used with the improved database.
Acinetobacter Infections/*microbiology/pathology ; Acinetobacter baumannii/*chemistry/classification/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

No abstract available.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/*genetics ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia/*diagnosis/etiology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/*drug therapy ; Phenotype ; Rituximab/administration & dosage