PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training program that applied the 5-step method on the knowledge, attitudes, and performance ability of nursing students in terms of enhancement and sustainability. METHODS: Sixty-one nursing students (28 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group) from D city participated in this study. Data were collected from April 25 to December 15, 2016. The experimental group and control group received infant CPR education using the 5-step method and the traditional method, respectively. The outcome variables were measured 3 times (pretest and posttest at 1 week and 6 months after training). RESULTS: There were significant differences in attitude (t=2.68, p=.009) and performance ability (t=4.56, p < .001) between the groups at 1 week after training, as well as in sustained performance ability at 6 months after training (F=6.76, p=.012). CONCLUSION: The 5-step method of infant CPR training was effective for improving performance ability in a sustained manner and promoting a positive attitude. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing students, as infant CPR novices, receive training using this effective method.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Education ; Humans ; Infant* ; Methods* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing

Both insufficient and excessive sleep durations have been recognized as important risk factors for mortality. Nevertheless, the impact of sleep duration on cause-specific mortality and potential effect modifiers has not been investigated extensively. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between sleep duration and mortality categorized by cause of death and potential effect modifiers using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: We established a prospective cohort based on NHANES participants aged 50 years or older, linked to the National Death Index (NDI) in the United States between 2009 and 2018. The NDI included all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory deaths. Sleep duration was assessed during the NHANES examination period. A survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between sleep and mortality. Results: A total of 13,947 participants with available NHANES data were included in this study. A U-shaped association between sleep duration and mortality was observed for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, meanwhile, respiratory mortality was linked to moderately short sleep (>5 and <7 hours). For total mortality, the association with severe short sleep (5 hours or less; p<0.01) was generally stronger than the association with long sleep (>8 hours; p=0.029), with the effect of severe short sleep being significantly prominent in males (p<0.01), non-Hispanic White (0.001), high-income (0.056), and those with a body mass index ≥23.0 kg/m2 (0.001) than those in their counterparts. Conclusions: This study suggests that sleep duration is associated with the mortality risk. Our results provide evidence for a more targeted allocation of public health resources to improve sleep and health.

Both insufficient and excessive sleep durations have been recognized as important risk factors for mortality. Nevertheless, the impact of sleep duration on cause-specific mortality and potential effect modifiers has not been investigated extensively. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between sleep duration and mortality categorized by cause of death and potential effect modifiers using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: We established a prospective cohort based on NHANES participants aged 50 years or older, linked to the National Death Index (NDI) in the United States between 2009 and 2018. The NDI included all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory deaths. Sleep duration was assessed during the NHANES examination period. A survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between sleep and mortality. Results: A total of 13,947 participants with available NHANES data were included in this study. A U-shaped association between sleep duration and mortality was observed for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, meanwhile, respiratory mortality was linked to moderately short sleep (>5 and <7 hours). For total mortality, the association with severe short sleep (5 hours or less; p<0.01) was generally stronger than the association with long sleep (>8 hours; p=0.029), with the effect of severe short sleep being significantly prominent in males (p<0.01), non-Hispanic White (0.001), high-income (0.056), and those with a body mass index ≥23.0 kg/m2 (0.001) than those in their counterparts. Conclusions: This study suggests that sleep duration is associated with the mortality risk. Our results provide evidence for a more targeted allocation of public health resources to improve sleep and health.

Both insufficient and excessive sleep durations have been recognized as important risk factors for mortality. Nevertheless, the impact of sleep duration on cause-specific mortality and potential effect modifiers has not been investigated extensively. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between sleep duration and mortality categorized by cause of death and potential effect modifiers using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: We established a prospective cohort based on NHANES participants aged 50 years or older, linked to the National Death Index (NDI) in the United States between 2009 and 2018. The NDI included all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory deaths. Sleep duration was assessed during the NHANES examination period. A survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between sleep and mortality. Results: A total of 13,947 participants with available NHANES data were included in this study. A U-shaped association between sleep duration and mortality was observed for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, meanwhile, respiratory mortality was linked to moderately short sleep (>5 and <7 hours). For total mortality, the association with severe short sleep (5 hours or less; p<0.01) was generally stronger than the association with long sleep (>8 hours; p=0.029), with the effect of severe short sleep being significantly prominent in males (p<0.01), non-Hispanic White (0.001), high-income (0.056), and those with a body mass index ≥23.0 kg/m2 (0.001) than those in their counterparts. Conclusions: This study suggests that sleep duration is associated with the mortality risk. Our results provide evidence for a more targeted allocation of public health resources to improve sleep and health.

Objectives: This study explored the experiences of medical students enrolled in an elective course titled "Healthcare Innovation and Women's Ventures II" at Ewha Womans University College of Medicine. The research questions were as follows: First, what motivated medical students to participate in the experiential entrepreneurship course? Second, what experiences did the students have during the course? Third, what changes did the students undergo as a result of the course? Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with six medical students who participated in the experiential entrepreneurship course from February 13 to 23, 2024. Results: The analysis identified three domains, seven categories, and 17 subcategories. In terms of motivations for enrolling in the experiential entrepreneurship course, two categories were identified: "existing interest" and "new exploration." With respect to the experiences gained from the course, three categories emerged: "cognitive experiences," "emotional experiences," and "behavioral experiences." Finally, two categories were identified concerning the changes participants experienced through the course: "changes related to entrepreneurship" and "changes related to career paths." Conclusion Students were motivated to enroll in this course by both their existing interests and their desire to explore new areas. Following the course, they underwent cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Their perceptions of entrepreneurship and career paths were significantly altered.This study is important because it explores the impact of entrepreneurship education in medical schools from the students' perspective.