Objectives: This study aimed to examine the frequency of convenience food consumption at convenience stores (CVS) and the CVS usage patterns of middle and high school students as well as to understand students’ attitude toward sodium and sugar reduction. Methods: We used an online questionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire comprised five distinct categories: general characteristics, CVS usage, frequency of consumption according to convenience food menus at CVS, attitude toward sodium and sugar reduction, and adherence to dietary guidelines. Results: A total of 75 students from Seoul (14 middle school students and 61 high school students) participated in the study. Most respondents visit CVS 3-5 times a week. CVS are predominantly used during weekdays, mostly during lunch, and dinner. The students mostly checked the caloric content and expiration date as food labeling information. The participants were aware of the need to reduce their sugar and sodium intake. Among frequent CVS convenience food consumers, there was an increased consideration of the need to reduce their sugar and sodium consumption, despite their actual selection of foods with high sugar and sodium content. Additionally, they did not check the sugar and sodium levels indicated in food labeling. Further, the dietary action guide from the Ministry of Health and Welfare were poorly followed by most students. Conclusions There is a need for nutrition education specifically addressing the sugar and sodium content of the convenience foods predominantly consumed by students. Additionally, educating students with frequent convenience food consumption to actively check the sugar and sodium information on food labels could help promote healthier food choices.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of gambling addiction from the perspective of problematic gamblers through their life stories. Methods: A narrative approach was utilized for this study. The data were collected from June 1 to September 30, 2019, from a purposive sample of three participants by using in-depth interviews, observations, and note-taking. Results: The participants told their life stories from childhood, stressing the experiences of being abused physically and emotionally by their own families. Their life stories commonly revealed that they became involved in gambling to escape the influence of the violence they had suffered. Due to their childhood abuse experiences, they had various problems, including distorted values toward money, low self-esteem, ambivalent feelings, and a lack of interpersonal coping skills, which often contributed to their addiction problems. Conclusion This study is meaningful in that it tried to understand the current addiction problem by focusing on the individual life experiences from the past to the present. Addiction recovery involves not only stopping the problematic behavior but also forming a new life meaning to lead a confident and independent future.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a theory on the gambling addiction process in adults who experienced domestic violence in childhood. Methods: Data were collected from 20 adults from May 1st to August 30th, 2020. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology as suggested by Strauss and Corbin. Results: The core category of this study was revealed to be ‘becoming addicted to gambling to avoid the physical and emotional pain caused by childhood domestic violence and be rewarded’. The core phenomenon was ‘struggle from pain’, which was derived from casual and contextual conditions: ‘ruthless physical violence’, ‘intolerable psychological pain’, and ‘bystand of violence’, ‘family addiction problem’. ‘parental immoral attitude’, The action and interaction strategies were ‘making money by any means’, and ‘gambling to forget the pain’. The intervening conditions affecting them were ‘a distorted view of money’, ‘resignation to helpless’, and ‘avoiding emotional distress’. The phases abbreviated through the produced process were the trauma phase, the avoidance phase, and the addiction phase. Conclusion Adults became addicted to gambling as a manifestation of distorted compensation mentality in an attempt to avoid the physical and emotional trauma of domestic violence in childhood.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a theory on the gambling addiction process in adults who experienced domestic violence in childhood. Methods: Data were collected from 20 adults from May 1st to August 30th, 2020. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology as suggested by Strauss and Corbin. Results: The core category of this study was revealed to be ‘becoming addicted to gambling to avoid the physical and emotional pain caused by childhood domestic violence and be rewarded’. The core phenomenon was ‘struggle from pain’, which was derived from casual and contextual conditions: ‘ruthless physical violence’, ‘intolerable psychological pain’, and ‘bystand of violence’, ‘family addiction problem’. ‘parental immoral attitude’, The action and interaction strategies were ‘making money by any means’, and ‘gambling to forget the pain’. The intervening conditions affecting them were ‘a distorted view of money’, ‘resignation to helpless’, and ‘avoiding emotional distress’. The phases abbreviated through the produced process were the trauma phase, the avoidance phase, and the addiction phase. Conclusion Adults became addicted to gambling as a manifestation of distorted compensation mentality in an attempt to avoid the physical and emotional trauma of domestic violence in childhood.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an animal model suitable for coronectomy research. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: incisor control (InC), incisor flap (InF), incisor non-flap (InNF), molar control (MC), molar flap (MF), and molar non-flap (MNF). Coronectomy was not performed in the control groups (InC and MC). In the incisor (In) groups, coronectomy was performed on the mandibular incisors, with flap elevation in the InF group and without flap elevation in the InNF group. In the molar (M) groups, coronectomy was performed on the maxillary first molar, with flap elevation in the MF group and without flap elevation in the MNF group. The incisor groups were sacrificed on day 7, and the molar groups on days 7 and 14. Clinical healing, tooth movement, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results: InF and InNF groups showed tooth eruption similar to or the same as that before coronectomy, whereas the MF and MNF groups’ roots moved slowly. In InF and InNF groups, the pulp at the maturation zone was mineralized, but apical pulp vitality was maintained. MF and MNF groups showed bacterial infection and inflammation on day 7, with mineralization on day 14; however, apical pulp vitality was maintained. The MF group showed varied healing patterns, whereas the MNF group had consistent results across individuals. Conclusion Both incisors and molars are meaningful models for coronectomy. However, for consistent experimental results, coronectomy without flap elevation on the maxillary first molar is recommended.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an animal model suitable for coronectomy research. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: incisor control (InC), incisor flap (InF), incisor non-flap (InNF), molar control (MC), molar flap (MF), and molar non-flap (MNF). Coronectomy was not performed in the control groups (InC and MC). In the incisor (In) groups, coronectomy was performed on the mandibular incisors, with flap elevation in the InF group and without flap elevation in the InNF group. In the molar (M) groups, coronectomy was performed on the maxillary first molar, with flap elevation in the MF group and without flap elevation in the MNF group. The incisor groups were sacrificed on day 7, and the molar groups on days 7 and 14. Clinical healing, tooth movement, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results: InF and InNF groups showed tooth eruption similar to or the same as that before coronectomy, whereas the MF and MNF groups’ roots moved slowly. In InF and InNF groups, the pulp at the maturation zone was mineralized, but apical pulp vitality was maintained. MF and MNF groups showed bacterial infection and inflammation on day 7, with mineralization on day 14; however, apical pulp vitality was maintained. The MF group showed varied healing patterns, whereas the MNF group had consistent results across individuals. Conclusion Both incisors and molars are meaningful models for coronectomy. However, for consistent experimental results, coronectomy without flap elevation on the maxillary first molar is recommended.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an animal model suitable for coronectomy research. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: incisor control (InC), incisor flap (InF), incisor non-flap (InNF), molar control (MC), molar flap (MF), and molar non-flap (MNF). Coronectomy was not performed in the control groups (InC and MC). In the incisor (In) groups, coronectomy was performed on the mandibular incisors, with flap elevation in the InF group and without flap elevation in the InNF group. In the molar (M) groups, coronectomy was performed on the maxillary first molar, with flap elevation in the MF group and without flap elevation in the MNF group. The incisor groups were sacrificed on day 7, and the molar groups on days 7 and 14. Clinical healing, tooth movement, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results: InF and InNF groups showed tooth eruption similar to or the same as that before coronectomy, whereas the MF and MNF groups’ roots moved slowly. In InF and InNF groups, the pulp at the maturation zone was mineralized, but apical pulp vitality was maintained. MF and MNF groups showed bacterial infection and inflammation on day 7, with mineralization on day 14; however, apical pulp vitality was maintained. The MF group showed varied healing patterns, whereas the MNF group had consistent results across individuals. Conclusion Both incisors and molars are meaningful models for coronectomy. However, for consistent experimental results, coronectomy without flap elevation on the maxillary first molar is recommended.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an animal model suitable for coronectomy research. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: incisor control (InC), incisor flap (InF), incisor non-flap (InNF), molar control (MC), molar flap (MF), and molar non-flap (MNF). Coronectomy was not performed in the control groups (InC and MC). In the incisor (In) groups, coronectomy was performed on the mandibular incisors, with flap elevation in the InF group and without flap elevation in the InNF group. In the molar (M) groups, coronectomy was performed on the maxillary first molar, with flap elevation in the MF group and without flap elevation in the MNF group. The incisor groups were sacrificed on day 7, and the molar groups on days 7 and 14. Clinical healing, tooth movement, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results: InF and InNF groups showed tooth eruption similar to or the same as that before coronectomy, whereas the MF and MNF groups’ roots moved slowly. In InF and InNF groups, the pulp at the maturation zone was mineralized, but apical pulp vitality was maintained. MF and MNF groups showed bacterial infection and inflammation on day 7, with mineralization on day 14; however, apical pulp vitality was maintained. The MF group showed varied healing patterns, whereas the MNF group had consistent results across individuals. Conclusion Both incisors and molars are meaningful models for coronectomy. However, for consistent experimental results, coronectomy without flap elevation on the maxillary first molar is recommended.

Using the neutral zone concept can increase the stability of the prosthesis. In this case, bimaxillary denture were fabricated using the neutral zone in a patient who had alveolar ridge resorption and inwardly positioned lip. This condition was unfavorable for obtaining stability of the denture, so the force involved in denture had to be minimized. There were differences in the tooth arrangement and shape of the polished surface between the definitive denture made using the neutral zone impression technique and the provisional denture made without using it.