PURPOSE: This experiment examined the effect of different surface treatment on the osseointegration and stability of implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, 40 each of machined, SLA and RBM implants, which are the most commonly used implants, were implanted into the tibia of 20 normal rabbits using OsseoCareTM. The rabbits were sacrificed after 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks for implant stability analysis, removal torque analysis, histologic and histomorphometric analysis. RESULT: ISQ showed significant difference between Machined and RBM at first week and at 4 weeks. There was significant difference between Machined and both SLA and RBM(p<0.05) but after 8 weeks there were no significant difference between each group. In the removal torque, RBM showd significantly higher values than SLA and Machined surface at 1st week. At 4th and 12th week, there was significant difference between Machined and SLA, RBM(p<0.05). In the bone to implant contact variable, there was no significant difference between each surface treatment method. In the Machined surface group, there was no significant difference between each time interval, but in SLA group, there were significant differences between the 1st week and 12th week. and in RBM group, there were significant differences between the 1st week and 8th, 12th week and between 4th and 12th week(p<0.05). The bone area showed significantly higher values in SLA and RBM compared to Machined surface 1st and 8th week and significantly higher values in SLA than Machined surface at the 4th week(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The roughened surface of implants showed positive effect in the early stages of implantation and assisted in bone formation. After the bone formation stage, there was no statistical difference between Machined and roughened surface groups. In dental implantation, where initial stability is critical to the success of implants, the use of roughened surface implants should assist in reducing the healing period after implantation.
Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Osseointegration* ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Tibia ; Torque

BACKGROUNDS: The education by the family physician. is important for more practical primary care medicine education. In this study, we try to know the presnent state of education and the future and the number of education resource and how to multiply this resource. METHODS: we have got the list of family physicians who have their clinic in Seoul by the help of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine. And we performed telephone questionary. We also asked the demographic factors RESULTS: 134 persons were asked questionary by the telephone. 17persons were joining in education. Trainee by the 3rd grade hospitals was the major, the next was by 2nd grade hospital, and doctors who did not have the training. 14 persons have begun education by asking of the training hospital, 3 persons wanted it, but none thought it beneficial to them. 44 persons wanted to join education in the future, and there was no difference between the 3rd and the 2nd grade hospital trainee. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the 3rd and 2nd grade hospital trainee but 2nd grade hospital trainee was less joining than the 3rd. This shows that the 2nd grade hospital trainee can be the good pool of the future education if there are adequate supply. So many adequate supply is necessary.
Demography ; Education* ; Humans ; Physicians, Family* ; Primary Health Care ; Seoul* ; Telephone

PURPOSE: To determine the size range of lacrimal glands calculated from Brain CT angiography. METHODS: A retrospective review of 107 CT scans of 214 orbits was performed. Aquaris Intuition Viewer software was used to calculate the volumes. RESULTS: The mean volume of the lacrimal gland was 0.655 cm3 in right orbits and 0.595 cm3 in left orbits, 0.616 cm3 in men and 0.625 cm3 in women. There was a significant difference between right and left (p = 0.012) but no difference between men and women (p = 0.725). Linear regression analyses revealed that there was an inverse relationship between gland volume and age (Pearson r = -0.433, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report the normal volume range of Korean lacrimal glands as measured by CT scans. A difference was detected in the volume between right and left lacrimal glands. The volume of the lacrimal gland decreased with age, and there were no gender differences.
Angiography* ; Brain* ; Female ; Humans ; Intuition ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Linear Models ; Male ; Orbit* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

To investigate potential health risks associated with exposure to metals from an abandoned metal mine, the authors studied people living near an abandoned mine (n=102) and control groups (n=149). Levels of cadmium, copper, arsenic, lead, and zinc were measured in the air, soil, drinking water, and agricultural products. To assess individual exposure, biomarkers of each metal in blood and urine were measured. beta2-microglobulin, alpha1-microglobulin, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and bone mineral density were measured. Surface soil in the study area showed 2-10 times higher levels of metals compared to that of the control area. Metal concentrations in the groundwater and air did not show any notable differences between groups. Mean concentrations of cadmium and copper in rice and barley from the study area were significantly higher than those of the control area (p<0.05). Geometric means of blood and urine cadmium in the study area were 2.9 microgram/L and 1.5 microgram/g Cr, respectively, significantly higher than those in the control area (p<0.05). There were no differences in the levels of urinary markers of early kidney dysfunction and bone mineral density. The authors conclude that the residents near the abandoned mine were exposed to higher levels of metals through various routes.
Aged ; Cadmium/*blood/*urine ; Copper/blood/urine ; Environmental Exposure ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; *Food Contamination ; Hordeum ; Humans ; Korea ; Lead/blood/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mining ; Oryza sativa ; Risk Factors ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Zinc/blood/urine

BACKGROUND: Despite rigorous investigations, the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia remains unknown in about 50% of hospitalized patients. The diagnosis of the etiological agent is becoming more challenging and more critical as number of newer pathogens have been recognized in recent years. In the 3-year period prospective study we investigated adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia for Legionella, Leptospira, Hantaan virus and Orientia tsutsugamushi as potential etiologic agents. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed from May 1997 to April 2000. A total of 431 patients with community-acquired pneumonia under the inclusion criteria were examined for specific microbial diagnosis; sputum culture and PCR, and serologic teats including indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test for Legionella, and hemagglutination tests for Leptospira, Hantaan virus and O. tsutsugamushi. Etiologic diagnosis was determined on the basis of the review of case record forms and specific laboratory diagnostic criteria. RESULT: During the study period a total of 385 sputum and 283 serum samples were examined. Legionella pneumonia was diagnosed in 2.3% (10/431) of the cases examined: 1.4% cases with PCR-positive (5/ 367) and 2.1% with positive IFA test (6/283). Leptospirosis and scrub typhus were diagnosed in 0.4% (1/ 252) and 2.0% (5/252), respectively. All 5 cases diagnosed as scrub typhus occurred in late fall, and rash or eschar was not found. None of cases was Hantaan virus infection. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Legionella, Leptospira, and O. tsutsugamushi should be considered in the etiologic diagnosis and in empirical antibiotic therapy of community-acquired pneumonia.
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Exanthema ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Hantaan virus* ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Humans ; Legionella* ; Leptospira* ; Leptospirosis ; Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Pneumonia* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prospective Studies* ; Scrub Typhus ; Sputum